INORGANIC AND EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS OF SOME SOLONETZIC SOILS OF ALBERTA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. ALEXANDER ◽  
J. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
High Acidity ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Al

Soil samples from virgin profiles of Solonetzic and geographically associated Chernozemic series along with Ap horizons of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils were taken. Soil pH, organic C, oxalate-extractable Al and Fe, inorganic P forms, organic and total P, and extractable P by NH4F + H3SO4 and NaHCO3 methods were determined. On the average, Solonetzic sola had higher contents of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe, Fe-P, and lower levels of Ca-P than do their associated Chernozemic sola. There was not a clear difference in Al-P contents between the sola of the two Orders. Ap samples from Solonetzic soils had twice the amount of NH4F + H2SO4- and NaHCO3-extractable P found in the Chernozemic ones. The higher levels of extractable P in the Solonetzic than in the Chernozemic Ap samples could be explained by the higher contents of Al-P and Fe-P in the former. The high acidity in the upper sola of Solonetzic soils, indicative of intense weathering conditions, apparently has resulted in relatively high contents of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe, and these probably account for the higher levels of Al-P and Fe-P and lower levels of Ca-P in the Solonetzic than in the Chernozemic soils.

Long-term phosphorus trends in Vertisols under continuous cereal cropping

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Clay Size Fraction ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Sand Size

Vertisols originally carrying brigalow vegetation (Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. ex Benth.) and cultivated for cereal cropping for up to 45 years were examined for trends in available phosphorus (P) [sodium bicarbonate extractable P (bicarb. P) and dilute acid extractable P (acid P)], organic P, inorganic P, and total P. The soils (0-0 · 1 m depth) in their virgin state contained 60 mg/kg of bicarb. P, 168 mg/kg of acid P, 239 mg/kg of organic P, and 330 mg/kg of inorganic P. All fractions of soil P declined following first-order decay with the period of cereal cropping; the rates of bicarb. P and acid P (available P) decline were 0 · 047 and 0 · 08/year. The organic P, inorganic P, and total P declined more slowly than available P; the respective rates were 0 · 026, 0 · 019, and 0 · 021/year. The rates of loss of total P and inorganic P were much higher from the clay-size fraction than the silt-size or sand-size fraction, with the t½ value of inorganic P in the sand-size fraction being almost 20 times greater than any other fraction. On the other hand, organic P loss from the clay-size fraction was much less; presumably, clay provides physical protection to soil organic matter and hence to organic P from decomposition. On average, bicarb. P and acid P declined at the rate of 1 · 3±0 · 3 and 4 · 6±1 · 4 mg P/kg soil · year. The declines in organic P and inorganic P were 3 · 0±0.4 and 4 · 1±1 · 2 mg P/kg soil · year, with a loss in total P of 7 · 2±1 · 3 mg P/kg soil · year. There was no significant shift in the ratio organic P: total P (38±7%) with the period of cultivation and cereal cropping. Organic P was closely correlated with organic C and total N in these soils. The mean amounts of P contained in the grain and the dry matter of each cereal crop from 1981 and 1984 were 7 · 6±1 · 8 and 8 · 3±2 · 4 kg P/ha, respectively. Thus, most of the soil total P loss could be accounted for by crop removal, of which organic P contributed about 40%. However, the continuous decline in available P, especially below 15 mg P/kg soil, warrants remedial measures to arrest the decline in the yields of crops grown on these Vertisols.

SORPTION OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM LIQUID POULTRY MANURE BY SOIL AGGREGATES OF DIFFERING SIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽  
M. H. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Total P

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates

scholarly journals Influence of brick manufacturing on phosphorus and sulfur in different agro-ecological soils of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Reshma Akter ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Total P

A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of brick manufacturing on phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) concentrations in soil and plant collected from different distances of brick kilns in four AEZs of Bangladesh. Forty eight composite soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were collected from 48 points in 12 different sites at 0 m, 300 m, 800 m and 1500 m from brick kilns, where most (site 2, site 3, site 5, site 6, site 7, site 9 and site 10) of the brick kilns used coal for brick burning purposes. Plant samples (rice straw and different vegetables) were also collected from the respective fields except 0 m distances. Significantly (p ? 0.05) lower organic matter, cation exchange capacity, clay content and soil pH were found at 0 m distances compared to other distances. Highest concentration of total P in soil were recorded at 0 m distances and these concentrations decreased with increasing distances from the brick kilns in most of the sites; whereas available P is significantly lower at 0 m distances than that of other distances. Total and available concentration of S in soil followed the trend 0 m>300 m>800 m>1500 m. Maximum accumulation of P (69.15 mg kg-1) and S (0.14%) in plant was found at 800 m away from the brick kiln.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 123-131, December-2016

Forms of phosphorus in virgin and fertilised calcareous soils of Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Values ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Average Contribution ◽  
Total P

Total phosphorus (P), inorganic P (Pi), organic P, and several Pi fractions were determined for 8 fertilised calcareous soils under agriculture and their virgin analogues under natural bush to ascertain changes due to agricultural development. The relationships between soil properties and forms of P were also determined. In general, agricultural development of soils resulted in increases in total P (average 105% increase), Pi (154%), organic P (49%), Olsen P (200%), Colwell P (100%), and all Pi fractions compared with their virgin analogues. For the virgin soils, the abundance of the Pi fractions was in the order: Al-P>O-P (occluded P)>Fe-P>Ca10-P = Ca2-P>Ca8-P, which changed to Al-P>Ca8-P>Ca2-P>Ca10-P>Fe-P>O-P for fertilised soils. The average contribution of each fraction to the increase in total Pi was Al-P (29%), Ca8-P (26%), Ca2-P (18%), Fe-P (13%), Ca10-P (13%), and O-P (4%). The change in Ca8-P was closely correlated with the content of the active fraction of calcite in the soil (ACCE). The increase in Fe-P associated with agriculture was highly correlated with citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extractable Fe (Fed) and acid-ammonium oxalate extractable Fe (Feo). The increase in Al-P was correlated with the ratio of acid-ammonium oxalate extractable Al (Alo) to Feo. Both Olsen and Colwell NaHCO3-extractable P were highly correlated with Ca2-, Al-, Fe-, and Ca10-P, and total P values. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Ca2-P and Ca10-P were major contributors to available P as determined by the Olsen and Colwell soil tests.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Changes in Soil and Soil Water after Cultivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Watkins ◽  
Hayley Castlehouse ◽  
Murray Hannah ◽  
David M. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Total P

Untilled dairy pasture has the potential to release more phosphorus to the environment than a regularly ploughed pasture. In this paper we report the initial results of a study comparing the effects of cultivation, phosphorus (P) fertiliser (10, 35, and 100 kg P/ha), and two types of vegetation (ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or ryegrass mixed with clover (Trifolium repens)) in a randomised complete block design. Phosphorus was measured in soil samples taken from depths of 0–20 mm and 0–100 mm. Waters extracted from the 0–20 mm samples were also analysed. In all cases, the P concentrations (Olsen P, Colwell P, Total P, CaCl2extractable P, Dissolved Reactive P, and Total Dissolved P) in the top 20 mm declined with ploughing. Dissolved Reactive P measured in the soil water was 70% less overall in the ploughed plots compared with the unploughed plots, and by 35 weeks after P treatments the decrease in Dissolved Reactive P was 66%. The effects of the fertiliser and pasture treatments were inconclusive. The data suggest that ploughing can lower the risk of P exports from intensive dairy farms in the trial area.

Osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus deficiency in beef cattle grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110258
Author(s):  
Carlos O. Schild ◽  
Fabiana M. Boabaid ◽  
Luiz G.S. Olivera ◽  
Mizael Machado ◽  
Ana Vildoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Total P

We investigated 2 outbreaks of osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus (P) deficiency in herds of lactating beef cows grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay. Cows exhibited pica, difficulty to stand and walk, rib fractures, and body weight loss even with adequate forage availability. Osteopenia and severe osteomalacia were observed on gross and histologic examination. The concentrations of bicarbonate-extractable P in soil (4.0, 4.1 mg P/kg), total P in pasture (0.9, 1.1 g P/kg), inorganic P in serum (1.0, 0.71 mmol P/L), and P in bone (73 mg P/mL) were all low. Although injectable and mineral salt supplements provided additional P in both outbreaks, these supplementary amounts were insufficient to prevent P deficiency. The P ingested by the cows from the pasture and supplements would have provided 20–55% of their daily P requirements of ~21 g P/d. Osteomalacia occurred in cattle at the 2 ranches as a result of severe P deficiency in the soil and forage, and inadequate P supplementation. Following diagnosis, control of P deficiency in beef cattle requires estimation of the amount of pasture P ingested and provision of sufficient additional supplementary P to meet the animals’ requirements.

scholarly journals African Soil Properties and Nutrients Mapped at 30--m Spatial Resolution using Two-scale Ensemble Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Hengl ◽  
Matthew Miller ◽  
Josip Krizan ◽  
Keith Shepherd ◽  
Andrew Sila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Ensemble Machine Learning ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract Soil property and class maps for the continent of Africa were so far only available at very generalised scales, with many countries not mappedat all. Thanks to an increasing quantity and availability of soil samples collected at field point locations by various government and/or NGOfunded projects, it is now possible to produce detailed pan-African maps of soil nutrients, including micro-nutrients at fine spatial resolutions. Inthis paper we describe production of a 30 m resolution Soil Information System of the African continent using, to date, the most comprehensivecompilation of soil samples (N ≈ 150, 000) and Earth Observation data. We produced predictions for soil pH, organic carbon (C) and totalnitrogen (N), total carbon, Cation Exchange Capacity (eCEC), extractable — phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) — silt, clay and sand, stone content, bulk density and depth to bedrock, at three depths (0, 20 and50 cm) and using 2-scale 3D Ensemble Machine Learning framework implemented in the mlr (Machine Learning in R) package. As covariatelayers we used 250 m resolution (MODIS, PROBA-V and SM2RAIN products), and 30 m resolution (Sentinel-2, Landsat and DTM derivatives)images. Our 5–fold spatial Cross-Validation results showed varying accuracy levels ranging from the best performing soil pH (CCC=0.900) tomore poorly predictable extractable phosphorus (CCC=0.654) and sulphur (CCC=0.708) and depth to bedrock. Sentinel-2 bands SWIR (B11,B12), NIR (B09, B8A), Landsat SWIR bands, and vertical depth derived from 30 m resolution DTM, were the overall most important 30 mresolution covariates. Climatic data images — SM2RAIN, bioclimatic variables and MODIS Land Surface Temperature — however, remainedas the overall most important variables for predicting soil chemical variables at continental scale. The publicly available 30–m soil maps aresuitable for numerous applications, including soil and fertilizer policies and investments, agronomic advice to close yield gaps, environmentalprograms, or targeting of nutrition interventions.

scholarly journals African soil properties and nutrients mapped at 30 m spatial resolution using two-scale ensemble machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Hengl ◽  
Matthew A. E. Miller ◽  
Josip Križan ◽  
Keith D. Shepherd ◽  
Andrew Sila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information System ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Ensemble Machine Learning ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
Sentinel 2

AbstractSoil property and class maps for the continent of Africa were so far only available at very generalised scales, with many countries not mapped at all. Thanks to an increasing quantity and availability of soil samples collected at field point locations by various government and/or NGO funded projects, it is now possible to produce detailed pan-African maps of soil nutrients, including micro-nutrients at fine spatial resolutions. In this paper we describe production of a 30 m resolution Soil Information System of the African continent using, to date, the most comprehensive compilation of soil samples ($$N \approx 150,000$$ N ≈ 150 , 000 ) and Earth Observation data. We produced predictions for soil pH, organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), total carbon, effective Cation Exchange Capacity (eCEC), extractable—phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn)—silt, clay and sand, stone content, bulk density and depth to bedrock, at three depths (0, 20 and 50 cm) and using 2-scale 3D Ensemble Machine Learning framework implemented in the (Machine Learning in ) package. As covariate layers we used 250 m resolution (MODIS, PROBA-V and SM2RAIN products), and 30 m resolution (Sentinel-2, Landsat and DTM derivatives) images. Our fivefold spatial Cross-Validation results showed varying accuracy levels ranging from the best performing soil pH (CCC = 0.900) to more poorly predictable extractable phosphorus (CCC = 0.654) and sulphur (CCC = 0.708) and depth to bedrock. Sentinel-2 bands SWIR (B11, B12), NIR (B09, B8A), Landsat SWIR bands, and vertical depth derived from 30 m resolution DTM, were the overall most important 30 m resolution covariates. Climatic data images—SM2RAIN, bioclimatic variables and MODIS Land Surface Temperature—however, remained as the overall most important variables for predicting soil chemical variables at continental scale. This publicly available 30-m Soil Information System of Africa aims at supporting numerous applications, including soil and fertilizer policies and investments, agronomic advice to close yield gaps, environmental programs, or targeting of nutrition interventions.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of acid soils from Madhupur Tract and Northern & Eastern Piedmont Plains of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Asif Ahmed Ratul ◽  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Md Anamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physico Chemical

Soil reaction is an important issue that adversely affects soil fertility and crop productivity. Twenty five representative soil samples from farmers’ fields of Ramchandrakura, Bishgiripar, Andharupara and Nayabil villages of Nalitabari upazila under Sherpur district (AEZ 22-Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains) and twenty soil samples from farmers’ fields of Bakta, Nishchintopur, Boril and Kaladaho villages of Fulbaria upazila under Mymensingh district (AEZ 28-Madhupur Tract) were collected and analyzed to study the physico-chemical properties of acid soils. Among 45 samples, 13 were sandy loam, 17 were silt loam, 10 were loam, 2 were clay loam and 3 were loamy sand in texture. Soil pH was very strongly acidic to strongly acidic. The soil pH of AEZ 22 varied from 3.81 to 4.78 and that of AEZ 28 varied from 3.96 to 5.11. The organic C of Nalitabari soil varied from 0.50 to 1.35% and that of Fulbaria soils ranged from 0.50 to 1.27% showing low to medium status. The status of nutrient elements viz. N, P, K and S in most of the samples was very low or very low to medium. Total N contents of AEZ 22 varied from 0.06 to 0.14% and that of AEZ 28 varied from 0.07 to 0.16%. Available P in soils of AEZ 22 varied from 3.25 to 26.45 ppm and that in soils of AEZ 28 ranged from 2.45 to 16.62 ppm. Exchangeable K in AEZ 22 soils varied from 15.13 to 92.41 ppm and that in AEZ 28 soils varied from 16.09 to 98.41 ppm. Available S in AEZ 22 soils varied from 1.68 to 33.70 ppm and that in AEZ 28 soils from 3.95 to 27.52 ppm. Therefore, these acid soils should be amended with liming materials and fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and organic manures for successful crop production. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2021, 7(1): 12-20

scholarly journals Aluminium and acidity in Finnish soils

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchange Acidity ◽  
Soil Groups

In the present study an attempt was made to study by statistical methods the proportion of Al of the exchange acidity of 298 soil samples of various kind, and to what extent the titratable nonexchangeable acidity in these soils is connected with Al, when Al soluble in Tamm’s acid oxalate was used as its indicator. Unbuffered N KCI replaced Al only from soil samples with a pH less than 5.3 in 0.01 M CaCl2 . In this part of the material, Al corresponded, on the average, to one third of the exchange acidity of mineral soil samples, and to 16 per cent of that of organic soils. The amount of Al was usually the higher the lower the soil pH, but the correlation was close only in the group of clay soils. Titratable nonexchangeable acidity was estimated as the difference of the amount of acidity neutralized at pH 8.2 and the corresponding amount of exchange acidity replaced by unbuffered KCI. In 100 clay soil samples it was, on the average, 12.0 ± 1.3 me/100 g, in 42 samples of silt and loam soils 8.8 ± 1.8 me/100 g, in 99 sandy soils 8.9 ± 1.1 me/100 g and in 57 organic soils 49.1 ± 6.8 me/100 g. There was no correlation between titratable nonexchangeable acidity and the clay content within various soil groups. In the clay soils exalate soluble Al alone explained 78.3 %, in the silt and loam soils 59.8 %, in the sandy soils 6.5 %, and in the organic soils 0.6 % of the variation in titratable nonexchangeable acidity. Taking into account the content of organic C increased the rate of explanation only to 82.1 % in clay soils, to 84.1 % in silt and loam soils, to 83,1 % in sandy soils, and to 63.7 % in the organic soils. Further, adding the soil pH increased the rate of explanation 5.8 to 9.6 per cent units in various soil groups, but considering of oxalate soluble Fe did no more distinctly increase the part of variation explained, except in the organic soils. Regression equations were calculated for the relationship of these variables. According to the partial correlation coefficients and to the β-coefficients, the relative importance of oxalate soluble Al in explaining the variation in titratable nonexchangeable acidity was in the clay soils higher than even that of organic C content, but in the other mineral soil groups it was less important than both C content and pH; in the organic soils even oxalate soluble Fe appeared to be slightly more important.

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