scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Changes in Soil and Soil Water after Cultivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Watkins ◽  
Hayley Castlehouse ◽  
Murray Hannah ◽  
David M. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Total P

Untilled dairy pasture has the potential to release more phosphorus to the environment than a regularly ploughed pasture. In this paper we report the initial results of a study comparing the effects of cultivation, phosphorus (P) fertiliser (10, 35, and 100 kg P/ha), and two types of vegetation (ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or ryegrass mixed with clover (Trifolium repens)) in a randomised complete block design. Phosphorus was measured in soil samples taken from depths of 0–20 mm and 0–100 mm. Waters extracted from the 0–20 mm samples were also analysed. In all cases, the P concentrations (Olsen P, Colwell P, Total P, CaCl2extractable P, Dissolved Reactive P, and Total Dissolved P) in the top 20 mm declined with ploughing. Dissolved Reactive P measured in the soil water was 70% less overall in the ploughed plots compared with the unploughed plots, and by 35 weeks after P treatments the decrease in Dissolved Reactive P was 66%. The effects of the fertiliser and pasture treatments were inconclusive. The data suggest that ploughing can lower the risk of P exports from intensive dairy farms in the trial area.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Matter Application on Phosphorus Status in the Calcareous Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Constituents

A field experiment is conducted to study the effect of different levels of peat (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Mg ha-1 to uncropped and cropped soil to wheat. Soil samples are taken in different period of time (0, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days after cultivation to determine (NaHCO3-Exteractable P at 3 different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Field Experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety, is cultivated as a testing crop. The entire field is equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions is cultivated to wheat and the second is left uncropped. The effect of five levels of peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1 is investigated. Soils are fully analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples are collected after 3, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days for determining essential parameters and indicators that reflect the effect of the level of peat applications. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P in uncropped and cropped soils at all depths, markedly decreases with time after peat application which has been attributed to plant uptake and rapid reaction of P with soil constituents. Sodium bicarbonate - extractable P with time in soil receiving 50 Mg ha-1 in both uncropped and cropped soil linearly decreases with the time of cultivation

A comparison of some surface soil phosphorus tests that could be used to assess P export potential

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nash ◽  
Murray Hannah ◽  
Kirsten Barlow ◽  
Fiona Robertson ◽  
Nicole Mathers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic P ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Total P ◽  
Water Extractable

Phosphorus (P) exports from agricultural land are a problem world-wide and soil tests are often used to identify high risk areas. A recent study investigated changes in soil (0–20 mm), soil water and overland flow in 4 recently laser-graded (<1 year) and 4 established (laser-graded >10 years) irrigated pastures in south-eastern Australia before and after 3 years of irrigated dairy production. We use the results from that study to briefly examine the relationships between a series of ‘agronomic’ (Olsen P, Colwell P), environmental (water-extractable P, calcium chloride extractable P, P sorption saturation, and P sorption), and other (total P, organic P) soil P tests. Of the 2 ‘agronomic’ soil P tests, Colwell P explained 91% of the variation in Olsen P, and Colwell P was better correlated with the other soil tests. With the exception of P sorption, all soil P tests explained 57% or more of the total variation in Colwell P, while they explained 61% or less of Olsen P possibly due to the importance of organic P in this soil. Variations in total P were best explained by the organic P (85%), Calcium chloride extractable P (83%), water-extractable P (78%), and P sorption saturation (76%). None of the tests adequately predicted the variation in P sorption at 5 mg P/L equilibrating solution concentration. The results of this limited study highlight the variability between soil P tests that may be used to estimate P loss potential. Moreover, these results suggest that empirical relationships between specific soil P tests and P export potential will have limited resolution where different soil tests are used, as the errors in the relationship between soil test P and P loss potential are compounded by between test variation. We conclude that broader study is needed to determine the relationships between soil P tests for Australian soils, and based on that study a standard protocol for assessing the potential for P loss should be developed.

Extractable phosphorus in alkaline soils amended with high rates of organic and inorganic phosphorus

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Olalekan Oluwole Akinremi ◽  
Geza Joseph Racz
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Available P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P

Information on the extractable P in soils treated with different organic amendments and how it changes with time is important to a sound management of manure addition to agriculture soils. This laboratory study investigated the impact of adding municipal biosolids, hog and cattle manures and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on extractable P in soils. Phosphorus was added at rates of 0, 110, 220, 440 and 880 mg P kg-1 for the Osborne soil (Gleysolic Humic Vertisol), and 0, 123, 307 and 614 mg P kg-1 for the Lakeland soil (Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem) in the form of biosolids, hog manure, cattle manure and MAP. The soils were incubated at field capacity for 1, 4, 16 and 32 wk after which they were extracted using H2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 (Olsen P), and the Kelowna and Mehlich-3 extracts. Regardless of extractant and soil, extractable P was small 1 wk after adding biosolids (17-93 mg kg-1 as Olsen P) and large with MAP (59-672 mg kg-1 as Olsen P) while hog and cattle manures were intermediate between biosolids and MAP (20-461 mg kg-1 as Olsen P). In biosolids-amended soils, extractable P increased slightly with increasing incubation time indicating net P mineralization. With MAP, extractable P declined from 672 mg kg-1 after 1 wk to 157 mg kg-1 after 16 wk of incubation at the highest P application rate in the Osborne soil. In the Lakeland soil, the decrease in extractable P with MAP addition was small (from 398 to 332 mg kg-1) and was similar to the changes with cattle manure P with incubation time. Extractable P with cattle manure in the Osborne soil and with hog manure in the Lakeland soil did not change with incubation time. In both soils, extraction efficiency was in the order of H2O < NH4Cl < NaHCO3 < Kelowna < Mehlich-3. Across P application rates, the efficiency of added P as measured by NaHCO3 increased only with biosol ids from 12% after 1 wk to 21% after 32 wk of incubation, while it decreased in the same period from 55 to 44% with hog manure, from 34 to 32% with cattle manure and from 74 to 17% with MAP in the Osborne soil. Soil samples taken 4 wk following addition o f hog and cattle manures should reflect plant-available P, while soil samples taken within the same period following the application of biosolids are likely to underestimate plant-available P. Key words: Extractable phosphorus, organic amendments, soils, single extraction, incubation

INORGANIC AND EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS OF SOME SOLONETZIC SOILS OF ALBERTA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. ALEXANDER ◽  
J. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
High Acidity ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Al

Soil samples from virgin profiles of Solonetzic and geographically associated Chernozemic series along with Ap horizons of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils were taken. Soil pH, organic C, oxalate-extractable Al and Fe, inorganic P forms, organic and total P, and extractable P by NH4F + H3SO4 and NaHCO3 methods were determined. On the average, Solonetzic sola had higher contents of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe, Fe-P, and lower levels of Ca-P than do their associated Chernozemic sola. There was not a clear difference in Al-P contents between the sola of the two Orders. Ap samples from Solonetzic soils had twice the amount of NH4F + H2SO4- and NaHCO3-extractable P found in the Chernozemic ones. The higher levels of extractable P in the Solonetzic than in the Chernozemic Ap samples could be explained by the higher contents of Al-P and Fe-P in the former. The high acidity in the upper sola of Solonetzic soils, indicative of intense weathering conditions, apparently has resulted in relatively high contents of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe, and these probably account for the higher levels of Al-P and Fe-P and lower levels of Ca-P in the Solonetzic than in the Chernozemic soils.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS IN APPLE ORCHARDS LOCATED IN DIFFERENT ALTITUDES IN KALIKOT DISTRICT, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Dhruba Baral ◽  
Anup Paudel ◽  
Himal Acharya ◽  
Madhav Prasad Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Poor Soil

This study was conducted to assess the fertility status of different altitude of apple orchard and their effect upon soil nutrients and to study the relationship between different altitude and their availability. Seven different orchards located in 2800, 2700 2600, 2500, 2400, 2300 and 2200 at Apple Zone, Raskot, Kalikot were selected as treatments. They were replicated three times in Randomized Complete Block Design. Composite soil samples were collected in each study site from 0-3 ft soil depth in ‘W’ pattern from each plot. Analyses of soil samples were done in regional soil testing laboratory, Surkhet for chemical properties. There was a significant effect (p<0.05) of altitude on soil macronutrients except available potassium level. Maximum amounts of soil organic matter, acidic and soil rich in nitrogen and phosphorus were found in 2800 masl whereas more basic soil , poor soil organic matter and soil poor in nitrogen and phosphorus were found in 2200 masl. Result showed that in altitude of 2200 masl has poor soil nutrients compared to apple orchards in higher altitude. Kalikot is the top producer of apple in Nepal. This assessment will helps apple growers for adopting better nutrient management plan in their orchards according to the altitude in the district. Further, it is recommended to conduct soil nutrient assessments for all other apple growing regions in the country.

Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on the forage and seed yield of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels

Studies were made on the fodder and seed production of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) using twelve treatment combinations with four levels of nitrogen (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha/cut) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5/ha), laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. The mean of two years indicated that nitrogen at 120 kg/ha/cut increased the green fodder (834 q/ha) and dry matter yield (129 q/ha) significantly over the lower doses. After leaving the same crop for seed production during mid-March, nitrogen at the rate of 60 kg/ha gave the highest seed yield (7.61 q/ha). Beyond this dose the seed yield decreased drastically due to lodging. Phosphorus at the rate of 50 kg P2O5/ha gave 5% higher dry matter (99.6 q/ha) and 7.4% higher seed yield (7.26 q/ha) over the control.

Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.

SORPTION OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM LIQUID POULTRY MANURE BY SOIL AGGREGATES OF DIFFERING SIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽  
M. H. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Total P

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates

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