scholarly journals A TECHNIQUE FOR MOUNTING AND PRESERVING PEAT SOIL MONOLITHS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRI DINEL
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
A Current

The mounting and. preserving of soil profiles is a current practice to keep reference soils for scientific needs, teaching aids and display purposes. Techniques described in the literature (Berger and Muckenhirn 1945; Bushnell 1930; Day 1968; van Baren and Bomer 1979; Hammond 1974) have been proven satisfactory for mineral soils. However, when applied to organic soils, they have failed to minimize changes to the physical (shrinkage) and chemical (oxydation) nature of the soil material. The proposed technique offers an alternative which reduces shrinkage on drying and fixes the physical and morphological features such as color, structure and appearance in their in situ state. Key words: Peat, organic soils, monoliths, polyester mounting

scholarly journals Water-extractable organic matter in the profile of mineral and organic soils of Upper Dniester alluvial plane

2017 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Partyka T. ◽  
Hamkalo Z.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Labile Pool ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Content of cold water extracted organic matter (CWEOM) in organic and mineral soils of Upperdniester alluvial plane was estimated. The largest CWEOM content (mg∙100 g-1) in the upper (10 cm) soil layers was found in peat soils – 105-135, and the smallest – 20-30– in arable sod and meadow soils. The highest CWEOM content was found in the lower horizons of peat soil, where it reaches 290 mg∙100 g-1. Strong correlation (r=0.81 -0.99; P<0.05) between CWEOM and TOC was found. It indicates the presence of dynamic equilibrium in the SOM system that supports certain level of labile pool compounds – the main source of bioavailable materials and energy.

scholarly journals The Centripetal Force of Expression: Drawing Embodied Histories into Glassblowing

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-134
Author(s):  
Erin O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Centripetal Force ◽  
Personal Style ◽  
A Current

Getting at the tacit understandings of an artful practice is critical in coming to understand the processes of creativity. To achieve this, the researcher, specifically the ethnographer, must place herself in the position of the maker, that is she must herself, make and create. This article provides an account of arriving at the methodological imperative of in situ ethnographic research through actual ethnographic research on the relation of maker and material. From an in situ position, it theorizes the modalities of expression in practice, from problem-solving, to personal style, to the intentional drawing in of embodied histories in practice. This incorporation of varying embodied histories into a current practice is then explored as the possibility for affecting what is recognized in the field as ”new” or ”innovative”. We will see, however, that is affect is grounded more in the corporeal revealing of unexpected aspects of the material worked up.

scholarly journals The fate of some pesticides in Finnish cultivated soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Hannu Braunschweiler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The persistence and movement of methabenzthiazuron, metazachlor, trifluralin, iprodione, fenitrothion, fenvalerate and furathiocarb was studied in one growing season in cultivated clay, finesand and organic soils in southern Finland. Trifluralin was studied for two growing seasons. Methabenzthiazuron was the most mobile pesticide and metazachlor was almost as much mobile. They leached at least 15 cm in a month. Fenitrothion and fenvalerate were the most immobile. Trifluralin was the most and fenitrothion the least persistent. The concentrations of iprodione and fenvalerate in the top soils increased towards the autumn, presumably due to leaching of pesticides from plants. The residues of trifluralin measured in the surface layer of the mineral soils at the end of the growing season might have been harfmul to plants sensitive to trifluralin. The residues of trifluralin in the peat soil surface 1.5 years after the treatment were still high. Also methabenzthiazuron, iprodine and fenvalerate residues may in all probability have been detected in the following spring. If the half-life of a pesticide is over 80 - 100 days, it is likely that residues of it may be found in the spring following the application in cultivated Finnish soils.

scholarly journals Ideas and perspectives: why Holocene thermokarst sediments of the Yedoma region do not increase the northern peatland carbon pool

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 18085-18101
Author(s):  
G. Hugelius ◽  
P. Kuhry ◽  
C. Tarnocai
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Soil Distribution

Abstract. Permafrost deposits in the Beringian Yedoma region store large amounts of organic carbon (OC). Walter Anthony et al. (2014) describe a previously unrecognized pool of 159 Pg OC accumulated in Holocene thermokarst sediments deposited in Yedoma region alases (thermokarst depressions). They claim that these alas sediments increase the previously recognized circumpolar permafrost peat OC pool by 50 %. It is stated that previous integrated studies of the permafrost OC pool have failed to account for these deposits because the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) is biased towards non-alas field sites and that the soil maps used in the NCSCD underestimate coverage of organic permafrost soils. Here we evaluate these statements against a brief literature review, existing datasets on Yedoma region soil OC storage and independent field-based and geospatial datasets of peat soil distribution in the Siberian Yedoma region. Our findings are summarised in three main points. Firstly, the sediments described by Walter Anthony et al. are primarily mineral lake sediments and do not match widely used international scientific definitions of peat or organic soils. They can therefore not be considered an addition to the circumpolar peat carbon pool. Secondly, independent field data and geospatial analyses show that the Siberian Yedoma regions is dominated by mineral soils, not peatlands. Thus, there is no evidence to suggest any systematic bias in the NCSCD field data or maps. Thirdly, there is spatial overlap between these Holocene thermokarst sediments and previous estimates of permafrost soil and sediment OC stocks. These carbon stocks were already accounted for by previous studies and cannot be added to the permafrost OC count. We suggest that statements made in Walter Anthony et al. (2014) resulted from misunderstandings caused by conflicting definitions and terminologies across different geoscientific disciplines. A careful cross-disciplinary review of terminologies would help future studies to appropriately harmonize definitions between different fields.

Structure of Palladium Single-Crystal Films Prepared by Flash Evaporation onto (001) NaCl Substrates

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
L. E. Murr ◽  
G. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Optimum Load ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
A Current

Palladium single-crystal films have been prepared by Matthews in ultra-high vacuum by evaporation onto (001) NaCl substrates cleaved in-situ, and maintained at ∼ 350° C. Murr has also produced large-grained and single-crystal Pd films by high-rate evaporation onto (001) NaCl air-cleaved substrates at 350°C. In the present work, very large (∼ 3cm2), continuous single-crystal films of Pd have been prepared by flash evaporation onto air-cleaved (001) NaCl substrates at temperatures at or below 250°C. Evaporation rates estimated to be ≧ 2000 Å/sec, were obtained by effectively short-circuiting 1 mil tungsten evaporation boats in a self-regulating system which maintained an optimum load current of approximately 90 amperes; corresponding to a current density through the boat of ∼ 4 × 104 amperes/cm2.

Sample Preparation of Aluminum Bridge Test Vehicles for Tem In-Situ Crystallographic Studies of Electromigration

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Rhoden ◽  
J. V. Maskowitz ◽  
D. R. Kitchen ◽  
R. E. Omlor ◽  
P. F. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Circuit Reliability ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Aluminum Films ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Integrated Circuit Reliability ◽  
A Current

IntroductionElectromigration in aluminum films has been identified as an increasing concern for integrated circuit reliability. Electromigration is the mass transport of atoms in a conductor under a current stress. Electromigration occurs in conductors experiencing current densities greater than 105 A/cm2 and is accelerated by high temperature. The damage to aluminum films manifests itself in the formation of voids, hillocks and whiskers along the conductor. This paper presents a test vehicle preparation procedure which can be used to investigate electromigration.

Condensation of the chromatin at the membrane of an apoptotic nucleus is not associated with activation of an endonuclease

1993 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Oberhammer ◽  
G. Fritsch ◽  
M. Schmied ◽  
M. Pavelka ◽  
D. Printz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Hoechst 33258 ◽  
Nucleolar Structure ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Rigorous Test ◽  
A Current ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma

A current hypothesis holds that chromatin fragmentation into oligonucleosomal patterns is an early event during apoptosis. In contrast, induction of apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes by TGF-beta 1 was not associated with DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosomes in hepatocyte monolayers and apoptotic fragments. For a more rigorous test of the hypothesis we performed a number of experiments. We compared nuclear changes resulting from TGF-beta 1 with those induced by Ca2+, a known activator of endonuclease. The morphology of apoptotic and Ca(2+)-treated nuclei was different as judged by DNA staining with Hoechst 33258. Likewise, electron microscopy of apoptotic nuclei showed characteristic condensation of the chromatin as well as dissolution of the nucleolar structure and nuclear fragmentation, changes not seen after Ca2+ treatment, after three hours of incubation. Analysis of DNA fluorescence of nuclei by FACS revealed that treatment with Ca2+ reduced the signal by 20%. In contrast, nuclei from TGF-beta 1-treated hepatocytes did not exhibit a reduced signal and after sorting by FACS, apoptotic nuclei remained in the 2N and 4N fractions. The absence of detectable DNA fragmentation in apoptotic nuclei was further verified by in situ nick translation, not only in hepatocytes but also in a mouse lymphoma cell line. From these findings we conclude that activation of an endonuclease is not an early event on the pathway to morphologically recognizable apoptosis.

scholarly journals ‘In-Situ Split' Liver Resection/ALPPS - Historical Development and Current Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Schlitt ◽  
Christina Hackl ◽  
Sven Arke Lang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Split Liver ◽  
In Situ Split

scholarly journals Hermeneutic Inquiry: Paying Heed to History and Hermes An Ancestral, Substantive, and Methodological Tale

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Moules
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Hermeneutic Inquiry ◽  
Interpretive Inquiry ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Current

Hermeneutic or interpretive inquiry is a living tradition of interpretation with a rich legacy of theory, philosophy, and practice. This paper is not intended to be a treatise on the right way to view and practice this tradition, but an exploration of the legacies that inform the philosophy of practice as the author has taken it up. In this explication, the author examines the ancestral, philosophical, and methodological histories that inform a current practice of hermeneutic inquiry.

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