COMPARAISON DE DIFFERENTES METHODES D’EXTRACTION DU P ASSIMILABLE EN RELATION AVEC LES PROPRIETES CHIMIQUES ET PHYSIQUES DES SOLS DU QUEBEC

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SEN TRAN ◽  
M. GIROUX
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Bray 1

The objective of this study was to compare different available-P extracting methods on 83 Québec soils. The alkaline Olsen’s method and five acid chemical extractants (Bray-1, Bray-2, new Mehlich, North Carolina double acid DA-4 and DA-10) were compared with each other and with two anion-exchange resin methods. The ratio of P-HCl/P-DAF of Mehlich was used to identify the group of soils with predominant P-Ca forms [Formula: see text]. Within this soil group, the Bray-2, DA-4 and DA-10 methods extracted more P and they were less correlated with all the other methods (r = 0.01 to 0.48*). The Bray-1 and Mehlich methods showed good relationships with Olsen, F−- and HCO3−-form resin methods (r = 0.80** to 0.89**) for this soil group, with the exception that Bray-1 solution was more affected by the presence of free carbonates. In the soil group containing more than 0.6% oxalate-Al, the Bray-1, Bray-2 and DA-10 methods extracted more P than the Mehlich, DA-4 or Olsen methods. The F−-form exchange resin extracted more P than that in the HCO3− form. The depressing effect of free iron oxides on the DA-4 method was also observed with the soil group containing more than 0.6% oxalate-Fe. The contents of DA-4-P were less correlated with those of other methods (r = 0.74** to 0.88**) in this soil group. On the other hand, the Olsen, F− and HCO3− resins extracted more of the P-Fe forms from these soils. The DA-4 method was further influenced by the soil organic matter (OM) contents. The relationships between P-Olsen, P-HCO3−-resin with the other chemical methods were also improved by taking into account the contribution of OM contents. Soil texture influenced mostly Bray-2, Bray-1, DA-4 and DA-10 extractable P. The Mehlich, Olsen and F−-resin extractable P was less affected by clay contents while the HCO3−-resin was the most consistant over a wide range of soil textures. Key words: Available-P, anion-exchange resins, new Mehlich extractant, P-forms, soil testing

scholarly journals Mg/Al double-metal hydroxide regeneration of anion exchange resin by electric field intensification

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Zhun Li ◽  
Yansheng Li ◽  
Zhigang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Metal Hydroxides ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

Fouled anion exchange resins were regenerated by electric field intensification of Mg/Al double-metal hydroxides. Regenerative experiments were performed with varying voltages (10–30 V) and dosages of Mg/Al hydroxides (0.045–0.135 mol and 0.015–0.045 mol, respectively) for 1–5 h. Optimal results were obtained under the following regenerative conditions: 20 V, 4 h, and 0.09/0.03 mol of Mg/Al hydroxides. The maximum regenerative capacity of resins was increased to 41.07%. The regenerative mechanism was presented by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of resins and Mg/Al hydroxides, and the regenerative degree was analyzed with respect to conductivity, pH value, and electric current. Mg/Al hydroxides were also recycled after the regeneration. This method was proven to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

EVALUATION DU PHOSPHORE ASSIMILABLE DES SOLS ACIDES AVEC DIFFERENTES METHODES D’EXTRACTION EN RELATION AVEC LE RENDEMENT DE L’AVOINE ET LES PROPRIETES DU SOL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GIROUX ◽  
T. SEN TRAN
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Extractable Al

The objective of this study was to evaluate different available P extracting methods in relation with soil properties, oat yield and plant P uptake. Six chemical extractants (Bray-1, Bray-2, new Mehlich, North Carolina DA-4, DA-10, and Olsen) and two anion exchange resins (F− and HCO3−) were compared on 42 acid soils. The DA-4, DA-10, new Mehlich, and HCO3− resin methods showed the best correlation with oat yield and plant P uptake. The Bray-1, Bray-2 methods were significantly less correlated than the other methods. The HCO3− resin was better than F− resin to predict plant P uptake and yield. Available P levels as determined by these eight methods were classified poor, medium and rich by the Cate and Nelson procedure. Oxalate extractable Al, pH (NaF), pH (H2O), exchangeable (Ca + Mg), forms of P, maximum P fixation capacity and soil texture have great influence on the plant P uptake. Soil organic matter content and oxalate-extractable Fe had significantly less important an effect. The Bray-1 and Bray-2 methods were the most affected by soil properties especially oxalate-extractable Al. The P-HCl/P-DAF ratio proposed by Mehlich to identify forms of soil P indicated that seven soils contain predominantly Ca-P and 21 soils with predominantly Al-P and Fe-P. This ratio was related with oxalate extractable Al (r = − 0.32*), pH NaF (r = − 0.59**), pH H2O (r = 0.52**) and exchangeable Ca + Mg (r = 0.55**). The maximum P fixation capacity (M) ranged from 150 to 4200 μg P/g soil and was closely related with oxalate-extractable Al (r = 0.81**), pH NaF (r = 0.74**), pH H2O (r = − 0.36*) and Mehlich ratio (r = − 0.33*). The maximum P buffering capacity (Mb) of soils was also measured and showed the best correlation with oxalate-extractable Al (r = 0.84**) and pH NaF (r = 0.53**). Key words: Soil testing, available P, anion exchange resins, P fixation, oxalate-Al, forms of P

DISPONIBILITÉ DU PHOSPHORE DANS LES SOLS NEUTRES ET CALCAIRES DU QUÉBEC EN RELATION AVEC LEURS CARACTÉRISTIQUES CHIMIQUES ET PHYSIQUES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SEN TRAN ◽  
M. GIROUX
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
P Content ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
Exchange Resins

Seven chemical methods (Bray-II, Bray-I, North Carolina DA-4, DA10, Mehlich II, Mehlich III and Olsen) and two anion exchange resins (F− and [Formula: see text] forms) were evaluated on 43 soils with pH varying from 6.4 to 7.88. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with ryegrass receiving two treatments (without P fertilization and 150 mg kg−1 soil) on these soils. The Olsen's method and the two anion resins used as reference ones were effectively the better correlated with P uptakes (r = 0.83**–0.87**) and relative yield (R2 = 69.3–70.2%). The Mehlich II, Mehlich III and to a lesser extent Bray-I methods showed good correlations with these reference methods (r = 0.77**–0.83**) and with plant P uptakes (r = 0.73**–0.79**) or relative yields (R2 = 48.9–55.1%). The Bray-II, DA-4 and DA-10 methods may dissolve some calcium phosphates such as apatites or tricalcium phosphate in some soils and thus overestimated their available P content. The P amounts extracted by these methods were less correlated with P uptakes (r = 0.57*–0.67**) or relative yields (R2 = 14.4–31.4%). On the other hand, the DA-4 extractability was diminished in soils containing more than 3% of carbonates. Although the Ca-P was the predominant form in these soils, the P fixation capacity (M) and maximum P buffer (Mb) capacity were mostly related with Al and Fe-oxalate contents. However, the low Mb values obtained from these soils indicated that the P concentration in soil solution is more favored with respect to adsorbed P. Organic matter and clay contents, pH (H2O), exchangeable Ca and carbonate contents had some effects on the extraction capability of some methods without affecting plant P uptakes. Key words: Available P, soil testing, anion exchange resins, soil properties, P fixation

High-performance liquid chromatography for ultraviolet-absorbing constituents in human urine.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Miyagi ◽  
J Miura ◽  
Y Takata ◽  
S Ganno
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Several liquid-chromatographic systems involving anion-exchange resins and linear acetate gradient elution have been reported previously for the analysis of ultraviolet-absorbing constituents in human urine. We describe a high-performance liquid-chromatographic system on which a macroreticular anion-exchange resin, and stepwise elution are used. Separations were more rapid with ammonium chloride/acetonitrile stepwise elution than with acetate stepwise elution, and urine constituents could be detected at 225 nm with the former system. Analytical conditions were convenient and the method has proven to be useful for routine clinical analysis.

Polymeric Resins Adsorb and Release Oryzalin in Response to pH

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jason A. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Polymeric Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Polymeric Anion

Two polymeric anion-exchange resins and one sorbent resin were evaluated for their propensity to adsorb, and subsequently desorb, oryzalin. The intent was to determine whether these resins could adsorb and subsequently release oryzalin in a manner that would render these resins as an option for slow-release herbicide delivery. The dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin is weakly acidic with a dissociation constant (pKa) of 8.6. An additional objective was to determine whether altering the pH between sorption and desorption would enhance the desired performance. Maximum oryzalin sorption by the two anion-exchange resins was between 127 and 132 mg g−1ai. The sorbent resin was adsorbed at a maximum concentration of 191 mg g−1ai. Maximum sorption occurred with the pH 10 solutions with all resins. Average oryzalin desorption by the anion-exchange resin was between 0.12 and 3.84 mg g−1per desorption event. Maximum desorption occurred at pH 6.0. Results reveal that the resins evaluated may have merit for slow-release herbicide delivery.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Anthocyanins by Cation and Anion Exchange Resins with Aromatic and Aliphatic Polymer Matrices

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7874
Author(s):  
Natalia Pismenskaya ◽  
Veronika Sarapulova ◽  
Anastasia Klevtsova ◽  
Sergey Mikhaylin ◽  
Laurent Bazinet
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Internal Solution ◽  
Ph Shift ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

This study examines the mechanisms of adsorption of anthocyanins from model aqueous solutions at pH values of 3, 6, and 9 by ion-exchange resins making the main component of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes. This is the first report demonstrating that the pH of the internal solution of a KU-2-8 aromatic cation-exchange resin is 2-3 units lower than the pH of the external bathing anthocyanin-containing solution, and the pH of the internal solution of some anion-exchange resins with an aromatic (AV-17-8, AV-17-2P) or aliphatic (EDE-10P) matrix is 2–4 units higher than the pH of the external solution. This pH shift is caused by the Donnan exclusion of hydroxyl ions (in the KU-2-8 resin) or protons (in the AV-17-8, AV-17-2P, and EDE-10P resins). The most significant pH shift is observed for the EDE-10P resin, which has the highest ion-exchange capacity causing the highest Donnan exclusion. Due to the pH shift, the electric charge of anthocyanin inside an ion-exchange resin differs from its charge in the external solution. At pH 6, the external solution contains uncharged anthocyanin molecules. However, in the AV-17-8 and AV-17-2P resins, the anthocyanins are present as singly charged anions, while in the EDE-10P resin, they are in the form of doubly charged anions. Due to the electrostatic interactions of these anions with the positively charged fixed groups of anion-exchange resins, the adsorption capacities of AV-17-8, AV-17-2P, and EDE-10P were higher than expected. It was established that the electrostatic interactions of anthocyanins with the charged fixed groups increase the adsorption capacity of the aromatic resin by a factor of 1.8–2.5 compared to the adsorption caused by the π–π (stacking) interactions. These results provide new insights into the fouling mechanism of ion-exchange materials by polyphenols; they can help develop strategies for membrane cleaning and for extracting anthocyanins from juices and wine using ion-exchange resins and membranes.

An Experimental Investigation Into the Use of high-Pressure Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Petroleum Sulfonates

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Zornes ◽  
G.P. Willhite ◽  
M.J. Michnick
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

Abstract The separation of petroleum mono- and disulfonates on an anion-exchange column using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated as a method /or the determination of sulfonate concentrations in aqueous or hydrocarbon solutions. Quantitative analysis o/ brine (3,000 ppm) or hexane solutions containing 500 to 5,000 ppm ppm) or hexane solutions containing 500 to 5,000 ppm of unfractionated Witco TRS 10-80 Petronate was possible to a precision of 2 percent. Extending the possible to a precision of 2 percent. Extending the method to solutions containing TRS 10-80 sulfonates with altered mono- and di-ratios was accomplished by deriving ultraviolet (UV) response factors /or the average mono- and disulfonates present in the original TRS 10-80. Application of the HPLC technique with monoand disulfonate response factors was demonstrated by analysis of sulfonate concentrations in both phases in a series of two-phase hexane-brine phases in a series of two-phase hexane-brine systems. Trends in the distribution coefficients were identified readily. Preferential partitioning of the mono- and disulfonates between the hydrocarbon and brine phases was indicated by changes in the ratio of the mono- and disulfonate areas on the chromatographs. The HPLC technique gave information on the sulfonate composition that was not obtained by traditional wet-lab methods. Introduction Surfactant concentration is an important parameter in the evaluation of surfactants used in oil recovery processes. Unfortunately, quantative analysis of processes. Unfortunately, quantative analysis of surfactants commonly used in enhanced oil recovery processes is difficult because these often are processes is difficult because these often are complex mixtures of anionic surfactant molecules. Commercially available petroleum sulfonates not only contain a range of molecular weights but also vary in percentage of mono-, di- and polysulfonated molecules. Numerous analytical techniques have been presented in the literature to determine anionic presented in the literature to determine anionic surfactants in water and oil. The two-phase titration technique, introduced by Epton in 1946, was modified and used to determine petroleum sulfonates. Disadvantages of the Epton titration method includethe average equivalent weight of the anionic surfactant must be known;it cannot differentiate between mono-, di-, and polysulfonated molecules;experimental evidence polysulfonated molecules; (3) experimental evidence indicates the method is not stoichiometric for low molecular-weight sulfonates and there is limited knowledge of be stoichiometry for polysulfonated molecules; andit is not automated easily. The Epton titration method has been used because no other good analytical techniques exist. Recent developments in HPLC and in ion-exchange resin offer the possibility of improved analytical techniques to determine petroleum sulfonates. Traditionally, the chromatographic separation of aromatic sulfonates by ion-exchange has been difficult because of excessive noncoulombic adsorption on polystyrene-type, anion-exchange resins. Successful separation of low molecular-weight aromatic sulfonates on a quaternized polyalkeneamine, anion-exchange resin was reported by Stehl. Development of pellicular anion-exchange resins with a quaternary alkylamine bonded to an inert nonpermeable core further reduced the anionic adsorption of aromatic sulfonate molecules and extended the range of application. Schmit and Singh reposed separations of naphthalene-sulfonic-acid dye intermediates on pellicular anion-exchange resin. Suffridge reported pellicular anion-exchange resin. Suffridge reported separation of a petroleum sulfonate into its monoand disulfonate constituents on a pellicular anion-exchange resin using a linear ionic-strength gradient. SPEJ P. 207

Biologically Available Phosphorus: Estimation and Prediction Using an Anion-Exchange Resin

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble P

The suitability of ion-exchange resin extraction for assessing biologically available P (phosphorus) concentrations was evaluated in a wide range of water samples of different origins (natural waters, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and industrial effluents). A recycling system was specifically designed to enhance P adsorption by the resin by maintaining a steep P gradient. Resin extractable P compared favorably with total P, total soluble P, and soluble reactive P, as a predictor of bioassay available P (BAP). Biologically available P was generally greater than soluble reactive P and less than total soluble P. Over the diverse water samples tested, the best model for predicting BAP used resin extractable P and soluble reactive P.

Efficient uptake of perrhenate/pertechnenate from aqueous solutions by the bifunctional anion-exchange resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Chengliang Xiao ◽  
Lanhua Chen ◽  
Zhifang Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Chain Group ◽  
Efficient Uptake ◽  
Exchange Resins

Abstract In this work, batch experiments were carried out to explore the sorption properties for perrhenate (ReO4−, a surrogate for TcO4−) by two types of commercial bifunctional anion-exchange resins (Purolite A530E and A532E). It is found that these two bifunctional anion-exchange resins could rapidly remove ReO4− from aqueous solution within 150 min and the maximum sorption capacity for ReO4− reached as high as 707 and 446 mg/g for Purolite A530E and A532E, respectively. The sorption properties were independent of pH over a wide range from 1 to 13. More importantly, both Purolite A530E and A532E exhibited excellent selectivity for the removal of ReO4− in the presence of large excess of NO3− and SO42−. Finally, the removal percentage of ReO4− by these two resins could be >90% and 80%, respectively, from the Hanford low-level waste melter off-gas scrubber simulant stream. Such high selectivity of Purolite A530E and A532E for the removal of ReO4− might be due to the presence of the long-chain group of –[N(Hexyl)3]+, which favored hydrophobic and large anions such as ReO4−/TcO4− rather than NO3−.

Sorbents with biocidal properties for disinfection of water for various purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Sus ◽  
Tetiana Mitchenko
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Biocidal Properties

Conventional methods for water disinfection, especially chlorination, have a lot of disadvantages and should be perfected or substituted with safer and more efficient methods. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the application of sorbents with high disinfection efficacy. In this study, the opportunity of producing sorbents with biocidal properties based on non-oxidizing biocides and anion exchange resins (AERs) was investigated. A wide range of different type of AERs were tested for the ability to sorb biocides (dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG)) and to exert disinfection activity. Most suitable AERs for production of biocidal sorbents were outlined.

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