STUDIES ON THE POTASSIUM-SUPPLYING CAPACITIES OF SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS. III. MEASUREMENT OF AVAILABLE K

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. RICHARDS ◽  
THOMAS E. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Program ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Precise Estimation ◽  
Regression Techniques

This study was conducted to determine which of eight different extractants best described the K-supplying capacities of nine southern Ontario soils. The total amount of K extracted by eight crops of alfalfa grown in the greenhouse was related to soil K by regression techniques. The following procedures extracted increasingly higher average amounts of soil K: water; electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) at 20 °C (EUF-K-20) (37 μg K g−1); EUF at 80 °C (EUF-K-80) (83 μg K g−1); 2M NaCl (89 μg K g−1); 1M NH4OAc (131 μg K g−1); 0.1 M HNO3 (163 μg K g−1); seven sequential 7-min extractions with boiling 1 M HNO3 (Mactotal) (940 μg K g−1); and 0.2 M sodium tetra-phenyl boron (NaTPhB) (3248 μg K g−1). Of the eight extractants tested, the amount of K removed by EUF was the most closely associated to total K uptake; a multiple regression model with the logarithm of EUF-K-20 and the logarithm of EUF-K-80 as independent variables explained 97% of the total variation in K uptake. The K extracted by 2 M NaCl and by 0.1 M HNO3 also explained more variation in total K uptake (r2 = 0.86, and 0.92, respectively) than did 1 M NH4OAc (r2 = 0.61), which is currently used in the Ontario soil test program. The other extractants did not offer an improvement over NH4OAc, with the exception of the most soluble fraction of Mactotal (StepK). Extraction of soil K with electro-ultrafiltration may offer a more precise estimation of the K supplying capacities of southern Ontario soils than the currently used extractant. Key words: Electro-ultrafiltration, nonexchangeable K, ammonium acetate, soil test

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE POTASSIUM-SUPPLYING CAPACITIES OF SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS. II. NITRIC ACID EXTRACTION OF NONEXCHANGEABLE K AND ITS AVAILABILITY TO CROPS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. RICHARDS ◽  
THOMAS E. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nitric Acid Extraction

A previous study showed that large differences in K uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in the greenhouse occurred on soils which had similar ammonium-acetate-extractable K (NH4OAc-K) concentrations at seeding. Differences in total K uptake appeared to be closely related to the uptake of nonexchangeable K (NEK). The objective of this study was to determine what fractions or forms of NEK in the soils were responsible for the large differences in total K uptake noted in the greenhouse experiment. The total amount of NEK extracted in seven sequential extractions with boiling 1 M HNO3 (Mactotal) varied widely among soils and was significantly related to the total amount of K (r = 0.69; P < 0.05) and NEK (r = 0.75; P < 0.05) taken up by eight crops of alfalfa. Mactotal was separated into two fractions of differing solubility and the most soluble fraction, StepK, was highly correlated with NEK uptake (r = 0.85; P < 0.01) and total K uptake (r = 0.86; P < 0.01). The least soluble fraction, CRK, was not significantly correlated with either NEK or total K uptake. A multiple regression equation with NH4OAc-K and StepK as independent variables explained 86% of the variation in total K uptake among soils. The coarse clay fraction (0.2–2.0 μm) was the main source of NEK taken up by alfalfa. It was concluded that differences in the K-supplying capacity of southern Ontario soils were due not only to differences in NH4OAc-K concentrations but also to the amount of the StepK fraction of NEK present in the soils. The quantity of StepK present appeared, from a field experiment, to be influenced by the amount of fertilizer applied over a period of years. If a simple method of measuring StepK can be found, soil tests for plant available K in Ontario soils might be greatly improved. Key words: HNO3 extractable K, nonexchangeable K, NH4OAc-K, alfalfa, coarse clay, fine clay

Pengaruh Independensi, Kompetensi, Dan Pengalaman Kerja Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Audit

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Caroline Sytha Sunarta ◽  
Suhajar Wiyoto
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Process Data ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
One Year ◽  
Public Accountant

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of auditor’s independency, competency, and job experience towards audit quality.This research is conducted by using method survey to public accountants (external auditors) that working settled in Public Accountant Firm (KAP) in Jakarta and Tangerang, in 2012 and have one year minimum experience, as respondents with type research of causality. Using likert scale as an instrument (questionaire) for measure auditor’s perceptions about the independency, competency, and job experience that influence audit quality. From 150 questionaire distributed, returned was 109 questionaire, and 24 not complete, so that only 85 questionaire could be process. Data analysis conducted with multiple regression model. The hypotheses tested are revealed as that independency, competency, and job experience have influence to audit quality as well as partially and simultaneously. The result of the test showed empirical testimony that auditor’s independency, competency, and job experience as well as simultaneously significantly influence audit quality. Partially, independency, competency, and job experience also have significant influence to audit quality. Future research expected can extend survey area coverage and add more independent variables that can have influence to audit quality. Keywords: independency, competency, job experience, audit quality.

Robotic chemotherapy compounding: A multicenter productivity approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522199284
Author(s):  
Ana C Riestra ◽  
Carmen López-Cabezas ◽  
Marion Jobard ◽  
Mertxe Campo ◽  
María J Tamés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Automated Process ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Introduction The aim of this study is to compare productivity of the KIRO Oncology compounding robot in three hospital pharmacy departments and identify the key factors to predict and optimize automatic compounding time. Methods The study was conducted in three hospitals. Each hospital compounding workload and workflow were analyzed. Data from the robotic compounding cycles from August 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively obtained. Nine cycle specific parameters and five productivity indicators were analysed in each site. One-to-one differences between hospitals were evaluated. Next, a correlation analysis between cycle specific factors and productivity indicators was conducted; the factors presenting a highest correlation to automatic compounding time were used to develop a multiple regression model (afterwards validated) to predict the automatic compounding time. Results A total of 2795 cycles (16367 preparations) were analysed. Automatic compounding time showed a relevant positive correlation (ǀrs|>0.40) with the number of preparations, number of vials and total volume per cycle. Therefore, these cycle specific parameters were chosen as independent variables for the mathematical model. Considering cycles lasting 40 minutes or less, predictability of the model was high for all three hospitals (R2:0.81; 0.79; 0.72). Conclusion Workflow differences have a remarkable incidence in the global productivity of the automated process. Total volume dosed for all preparations in a cycle is one of the variables with greater influence in automatic compounding time. Algorithms to predict automatic compounding time can be useful to help users in order to plan the cycles launched in KIRO Oncology.

Multiple regression analyses of midwinter fattening of the white-throated sparrow

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2405-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Blem ◽  
Michael H. Shelor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Zonotrichia Albicollis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Extreme High Temperature

Midwinter lipid depots of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) at Richmond, Virginia, are correlated with a suite of environmental and morphological variables. Lipid reserves allow this species to survive even the most extreme winter conditions for several hours. Variables having the greatest individual correlations with lipid reserve are average temperature of the 20 days prior to capture, fat class, body weight, and long-term (32-year) average temperature of the date of capture. A comprehensive multiple regression model based on analyses of all possible independent variables accounts for 87% of the variation in lipid reserves. The most important independent variables in this model are body weight, mean temperature of the 20 days preceding collection, fat class, extreme high temperature of the day of capture, long-term average temperature, relative humidity, chill factor, wet-bulb temperatures of the day before and the day of capture, wing length, and precipitation. The "best" equation using only measurements of environment as independent variables included time of collection in hours after sunrise and hours before sunset, Eastern Standard Time, temperature of the 20 days prior to capture, and mean wind velocity of the day before capture. Models computed solely from temperature measurements included dry-bulb temperatures of the day of capture and the day before capture, low extreme temperatures of the day of capture, wet-bulb temperatures of the day before capture, and the 20-day average dry-bulb temperature of the period prior to collection. Fattening in response to weather conditions appears to be a form of "fine-tuning" of energy reserves superimposed on a more stable, intrinsic cycle of winter fattening.

Determinants of financial literacy in rural India: A study of Aligarh district

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150009
Author(s):  
N. P. Abdul Azeez ◽  
S. M. Jawed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Independent Variables

What drives rural people to use financial services and products is a critical step in the journey towards financial inclusions. The financial service providers and policymakers have engaged with this challenge by seeking insights into the socio, economic, demographic and cultural factors that prompt people to be aware and learn about financial services and products, try them out, and use them over time. The determinants of financial literacy focus more sharply on the socio-economic demographic factors, and have used ordinary least square, multiple regression model. This model determines how various independent variables namely age, gender, income, religion, social groups, family size, marital status, educational level, occupation, etc. significantly influence financial literacy of the respondents.

On Foundations of Estimation for Nonparametric Regression With Continuous Optimization

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-203
Author(s):  
Pakize Taylan
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Continuous Optimization ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Regression Parameters ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of parametric regression models like linear regression and nonlinear regression are to produce a reasonable relationship between response and independent variables based on the assumption of linearity and predetermined nonlinearity in the regression parameters by finite set of parameters. Nonparametric regression techniques are widely-used statistical techniques, and they not only relax the assumption of linearity in the regression parameters, but they also do not need a predetermined functional form as nonlinearity for the relationship between response and independent variables. It is capable of handling higher dimensional problem and sizes of sample than regression that considers parametric models because the data should provide both the model building and the model estimates. For this purpose, firstly, PRSS problems for MARS, ADMs, and CR will be constructed. Secondly, the solution of the generated problems will be obtained with CQP, one of the famous methods of convex optimization, and these solutions will be called CMARS, CADMs, and CKR, respectively.

LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF FIELD BULK DENSITY FOR IMPROVING FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS OF ORGANIC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. VAN LIEROP
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The objectives of this study were to find ways to improve the accuracy of soil fertilizer recommendations by taking into account the variation in bulk density (BD) of organic soils. To achieve this end, field BD values of 30 organic soils (0.100–0.504 g/mL) were used to evaluate methods of measuring the BD in the laboratory by means of correlation and regression techniques. A simple and rapid procedure using the reconstituted BD of field-moist soils was the most accurate means of determining the average field BD in the laboratory, as indicated by the correlation coefficient obtained between the BD values obtained by this method and those in the field (r = 0.975**). The second most accurate method relied upon the exponential relationship between the water content of soils and their BD (R2 = 91.1 %). The least exact method of correcting for BD variations was to scoop a volume of dried (65 °C) and sieved (2-mm) soils, as is done in some soil test laboratories. Although the values obtained by this method were related (r = 0.502**) to the field data, drying caused shrinkage of soils, thereby increasing their BD about twofold. Soil pH (r = 0.716**) and percentage ash contents (r = 0.851**) were also related to the field BD of soils. These tests could be used to estimate the BD of soils when the preferred method cannot be used. Regression equations are provided for relating appropriate test values to the BD of organic soils.

scholarly journals A relationship between multi-nutrient soil tests (Mehlich 3, ammonium acetate, and water extraction) and bioavailability of nutrients from soils for barley

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matula
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Heterogeneous Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Radical Intervention

The aim of the paper was to test the universality of three multi-nutrient soil tests after a radical intervention in soil chemistry by gypsum treatment on a variable set of 36 soils. Pot experiments with barley in a growth chamber were conducted to determine the bioavailability of K, Mg, P, Mn and B from soils. There were no marked differences in correlations between soil tests and the plant in K, Mg and P. But in the case of Mn and B Mehlich 3 test was not in appropriate agreement with the plant. Shortcoming of water extraction is missing information of capacity character for the derivation of the fertilizer recommendations on heterogeneous soils. The highest universality of NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate soil test was proved in all studied nutrients (K, Mg, P, Mn, B) in relation to the plant. Determination of the CEC value that extends the information of capacity character is a part of this soil test. The CEC value contributes to a more sophisticated approach to interpretation for the fertilizer recommendations.

scholarly journals The Study of Misclassification Probability in Discriminant Model of Pattern Identification for Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Mi Ko ◽  
Honggie Kim
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Pattern Identification ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Traditional Korean Medicine ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Discriminant Model ◽  
Misclassification Probability ◽  
Diagnostic Standards ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Background. Pattern identification (PI) is the basic system for diagnosis of patients in traditional Korean medicine (TKM). The purpose of this study was to identify misclassification objects in discriminant model of PI for improving the classification accuracy of PI for stroke.Methods.The study included 3306 patients with stroke who were admitted to 15 TKM hospitals from June 2006 to December 2012. We derive the four kinds of measure (D,R,S, andCscore) based on the pattern of the profile graphs according to classification types. The proposed measures are applied to the data to evaluate how well those detect misclassification objects.Results.In 10–20% of the filtered data, misclassification rate ofCscore was highest compared to those rates of other scores (42.60%, 41.15%, resp.). In 30% of the filtered data, misclassification rate ofRscore was highest compared to those rates of other scores (40.32%). And, in 40–90% of the filtered data, misclassification rate ofDscore was highest compared to those rates of other scores. Additionally, we can derive the same result ofCscore from multiple regression model with two independent variables.Conclusions.The results of this study should assist the development of diagnostic standards in TKM.

Some effects of lime, nitrogen and soluble and insoluble phosphate on the yield and mineral composition of established grassland

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Insoluble Phosphate ◽  
Highly Correlated

SummaryTwelve factorial experiments made from 1977 to 1981 compared the effects of 0, 4 and 8 t CaCO3/ha, 0 and 360 kg N/ha/year as urea and 0 and 60 kg P/ha/year as either superphosphate or ground rock phosphate on the yield and mineral composition of established grassland on soils of pH 4·7–5·6 in Northern Ireland.Lime did not increase yield whether urea was applied or not. It substantially reduced herbage Mn and, to a lesser extent, herbage P, Mg and Zn.With lime, ground rock phosphate was almost completely ineffective in raising yield and herbage P content. Without lime, it had some value but was less effective than superphosphate.Soil P extracted either by ammonium acetate at pH 4·2 or Olsen sodium bicarbonate reagent did not predict response to superphosphate. When the soil test values were adjusted for field bulk density, soil P extracted by ammonium acetate, but not by Olsen reagent, was significantly correlated with response.Herbage P in the first cut in 1978 was highly correlated with response to superphosphate; only sites with herbage P < 0·27% responded to P.

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