Yield benefit of phosphorus fertilizer for wheat, barley and canola in Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
L. Kryzanowski ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. D. Solberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Crop responsiveness to P fertilizers on the Canadian Prairies has likely declined during the past three to four decades due to regular application of P fertilizer and reduced tillage. Its relationship to extractable soil P as determined by various soil tests may also have changed. The objective of this study was to evaluate five soil test P methods for three major crops across a wide range of soil types and environmental conditions. Small-plot P fertilizer trials were conducted at 154 locations across Alberta from 1991 through 1993. At each location, fertilizer responses were determined for one, two, or three crops: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or canola (Brassica napus L.). Fertilizer treatments consisted of seed-placed monoammonium phosphate at rates of 0, 6.5, 13.1 and 19.6 kg P ha-1. The average increase in seed yield due to application of P fertilizer was 10%, with little difference among crop types. Relative yield increases were significantly greater in Gray soils (Dark Gray Chernozemics, Dark Gray-Gray Luvisols) than in Black (Black Chernozemics) or Brown soi ls (Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemics). The maximum variation in P fertilizer response accounted for by any soil test P was 27% for barley, 15% for wheat and 7% for canola. The Kelowna method and its derivatives generally provided the best fit with P fertilizer response. Only a modest increase in the proportion of variation that could be accounted for by soil test was achieved by multiple regressions with soil pH, clay or organic matter or by separate analyses of different soil types or years. The probability of a profitable yield response due to P fertilizer application did decline with increasing soil test P. However, profitable yield responses were frequent at all levels of soil test P for the first increment of 6.5 kg P ha-1 and low at all levels of soil test P for the third increment of 6.5 kg P ha-1 (19.6 kg P ha-1). The poor relationship of soil test P to fertilizer response was attributed to frequent but variable starter effects of P fertilizer and the infrequent occurrence of highly responsive sites. Key words: Soil testing, Olsen, Bray, Kelowna, fertilizer response functions, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus

Response of pea to rate and placement of triple superphosphate fertilizer in Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. D. Solberg ◽  
J. DeMulder ◽  
N. Flore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Significant Yield

The expansion of the pea acreage on the Canadian prairies has increased the need for more information on P fertilizer response by pea to both rate and method of placement. To determine responsiveness, 52 field trials using triple superphosphate (TSP) were conducted from 1995 to 1998 over a wide range of soil types across Alberta. Five rates of 0, 6.5, 13.1, 19.6 and 26.2 kg P ha–1 were placed with the seed or in bands applied prior to seeding. The application of TSP significantly (P < 0.1) increased pea seed yield at 19 of 52 sites. The average increase in seed yield due to TSP application was 7%, with values ranging from –12 to +33% across all trials. The average yield benefit was similar in the Thin Black, Black and Gray soil zones, but was negligible in the Dark Brown soil zone and in irrigated trials. Of the 31 trials with soil test P (modified Kelowna method) levels of less than 30 kg P ha–1 to 15 cm, 52% had a significant yield increase due to application of TSP, while only one of 17 trials with soil test P levels of more than 30 kg P ha–1 had a significant yield increase. Application of 13.1 kg P ha–1 was sufficient to attain close to maximum yields in trials with soil test P levels of less than 30 kg P ha–1. The yield response of pea was insensitive to TSP placement. The mineral impact of seed placement on yield in this study was likely due to the less damaging effects of seedling growth of TSP than of the more commonly used source of P, monoammonium phosphate (MAP). Seed protein and P concentrations were not strongly affected by TSP application. Key words: Pisum sativum, phosphorus fertilizer, fertilizer placement

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

THE RELATION OF SOIL TEST VALUES TO FERTILIZER RESPONSE BY THE POTATO: IV. AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
C. R. MacEachern ◽  
D. C. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation

In field experiments, conducted at 18 locations during a 3-year period, tuber yields on zero-P plots ranged from 49.7–95.5% of those obtained with optimum P fertilization. Each of three chemical methods used to estimate available soil P showed a wide range of values for the different locations.When Bray's modification of the Mitscherlich equation was used to express the relationship between soil test values and yield response to applied P, there were appreciable differences in c1 values which varied with soil series and soil test methods.Polynomial response curves showed that, irrespective of the chemical method used, if soils were grouped on the basis of available P into "high", "medium" and "low" classes, response to applied P was much less in the high than in the medium and low classes. Response curves also showed that both P requirements and maximum yields varied with different soil series.

Yield response of barley and rapeseed to P fertilizer: Influence of soil test P level and method of placement

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
M. Nyborg ◽  
D. C. Penney ◽  
L. Kryzanowski ◽  
J. A. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Method Of Placement

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
West Central ◽  
Green Foxtail

The comparison of incorporation vs no incorporation on a mid-October application of the granular formulation of trifluralin to control infestations of wild oat and green foxtail was evaluated in spring barley, wheat, and canola in west central Saskatchewan over a 3 yr period. Incorporation treatments consisted of: no incorporation, one incorporation in fall, one incorporation in fall and a second in spring, one incorporation in fall and two additional incorporations in spring. All treatments eliminated green foxtail. In all three crops wild oat panicle counts were equivalent from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. Wild oat fresh weights in crops grown on stubble were similar for incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. In fallow crops, wild oat fresh weight reductions were greater in three of nine site years with incorporation. There was little difference in crop yields from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application Strategies in Corn–Soybean Rotations

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Boring ◽  
Kurt Thelen ◽  
James Board ◽  
Jason De Bruin ◽  
Chad Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

To determine if current university fertilizer rate and timing recommendations pose a limitation to high-yield corn (Zea mays subsp. mays) and soybean (Glycine max) production, this study compared annual Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) fertilizer applications to biennial fertilizer applications, applied at 1× and 2× recommended rates in corn–soybean rotations located in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), Michigan (MI), Arkansas (AR), and Louisiana (LA). At locations with either soil test P or K in the sub-optimal range, corn grain yield was significantly increased with fertilizer application at five of sixteen site years, while soybean seed yield was significantly increased with fertilizer application at one of sixteen site years. At locations with both soil test P and K at optimal or greater levels, corn grain yield was significantly increased at three of thirteen site years and soybean seed yield significantly increased at one of fourteen site years when fertilizer was applied. Site soil test values were generally inversely related to the likelihood of a yield response from fertilizer application, which is consistent with yield response frequencies outlined in state fertilizer recommendations. Soybean yields were similar regardless if fertilizer was applied in the year of crop production or before the preceding corn crop. Based on the results of this work across the US and various yield potentials, it was confirmed that the practice of applying P and K fertilizers at recommended rates biennially prior to first year corn production in a corn–soybean rotation does not appear to be a yield limiting factor in modern, high management production systems.

Effect of P-buffer capacity and P-retention index of soils on soil test-P, soil test P-calibrations and yield response curvature

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
IR Wilson ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Retention Index ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sorption Method ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
P Retention

Twenty-three virgin Western Australian soils of different buffer capacities (BC) for phosphorus (P) were collected. The effects of BC on the relationships between Colwell soil test P and the level of P applied, yield and soil test P, and yield and the level of P applied were studied. Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Reeves), grown for 27 days in a glasshouse, was used. Two methods of measuring P sorption of soils, P buffer capacity (PBC) and P retention index (PRI), were used. The PBC is determined from a multi-point sorption curve. The PRI is a new, diagnostic, one-point, sorption method now widely used for commercial soil P testing in Western Australia. Both PBC and PRI produced similar results. The relationship between soil test P and the level of P applied was adequately described by a linear equation. When the slope coefficient of the linear equations was related to PBC or PRI, there was no relationship. The other two relationships were adequately described by a Mitscherlich equation. When the curvature coefficient of the Mitscherlich equation was related to PBC or PRI, the trend was for the value of the coefficient to decrease with increasing PBC or PRI. Consequently, as the capacity of the soil to sorb P increased the trend was for larger soil test P or higher levels of P application to produce the same yield.

GROWTH OF BARLEY, BROMEGRASS AND ALFALFA IN THE GREENHOUSE IN SOIL CONTAINING RAPESEED AND WHEAT RESIDUES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Under greenhouse conditions, incorporating ground straw in the soil at rates between 2,240 and 8,970 kg/ha reduced the emergence of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. cv. Beaver) significantly (P < 0.05) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv. Magna) slightly, but had no effect on barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Conquest). Rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Target and B. campestris L. cv. Echo) straws were more damaging than wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manitou) straw. Symptoms of severe nitrogen deficiency appeared early in the growth of barley where straw had been added to the soil. The effect on tillering varied. In one experiment tillers were smaller, in one tillers were larger; but in both, total leaf area produced was much less where 8,970 kg/ha of straw had been added to the soil. Bromegrass showed the same effects but to a lesser degree, probably because of slower growth requiring a smaller supply of nitrogen. Alfalfa growth was apparently unaffected. There was no evidence that the straw of either rapeseed species was more deleterious than wheat straw to crop growth after emergence. It is concluded that straw incorporated in soil affected barley and bromegrass growth by reducing the availability of nitrogen.

Soil-test critical values for wheat (Triticum aestivum) and canola (Brassica napus) in the high-rainfall cropping zone of southern Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. McCaskill ◽  
Penny Riffkin ◽  
Amanda Pearce ◽  
Brendan Christy ◽  
Rob Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Rainfall

Nutrient deficiencies are considered a reason for commercial yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) in the high-rainfall zone (HRZ) of southern Australia being well below predicted potential yields. With the aim of developing soil-test interpretation guidelines suitable for HRZ conditions, nutrient-response experiments, 15 with wheat and 12 with canola, were conducted between 2015 and 2018. These experiments quantified responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in pre-sowing soil tests. The highest yielding treatment of the wheat experiments averaged 7.1 t/ha (range 2.6–10.8 t/ha), and of the canola experiments 4.2 t/ha (range 0.7–6.2 t/ha). The most frequent responses were to N and P, followed by S and K. There were no significant positive responses to Cu or Zn. Across the experiments, the 95% critical value for Colwell P in wheat was 52 mg/kg, with a 95% confidence range of 39–68 mg/kg. For canola, the critical value was 59 mg/kg, with a range of 38–139 mg/kg. These values are higher than from lower rainfall regions of Australia. Critical values for K and S were also higher than from drier regions of Australia. The Sprengel–Lieberg Law of the Minimum overestimated yield where there were multiple nutrient limitations, whereas an equivalent Law of the Product underestimated yield under these conditions. These higher critical values based on evidence from the HRZ are expected to assist in closing the yield gap for wheat and canola in the region.

scholarly journals Tomato Yield and Fruit Size Did Not Respond to P Fertilization of a Sandy Soil Testing Very High in Mehlich-1 P

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Osmar Carrijo ◽  
Ken Shuler
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Very High

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown in southeastern Florida on sandy soils that tested very high in Mehlich-1 P to evaluate the yield response to P fertilization. One location was used in 1995–96, another in 1996–97. Prefertilization soil samples contained 290 (location 1) and 63 (location 2) mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P. Both soil test results were interpreted as very high in P, and P fertilizer was not recommended for the crop. Fertilizer treatments at both sites were 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg·ha–1 P. Neither total marketable yield nor yield in any fruit size category was affected by P fertilization in either season. Amounts of cull (undersized or misshapened) fruits increased quadratically with P fertilization in the second season. Whole-leaf P concentrations increased linearly or quadratically with P application, depending on sample periods, and were always above sufficiency values. Although many tomato growers apply P fertilizer irrespective of soil test recommendations, our results showed that added P was not needed on soils testing very high in P. Furthermore, withholding P applications to soils with high P concentrations will minimize potential P pollution of surface water and groundwater.

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