scholarly journals Genetic variation of seed phosphorus concentration in winter oilseed rape and development of a NIRS calibration

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Eifler ◽  
Jürgen Enno Wick ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Christian Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhytic acid is the major organic phosphorus storage compound in rapeseed. Following oil extraction, the defatted meal is used in feed mixtures for livestock. However, monogastric pigs and chickens can only poorly metabolize phytate. Hence, their excrements are rich in phosphorus (P), which when applied as manure may lead to eutrophication of surface waters. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation for total and organic P concentration (i.e. mainly phytate) in rapeseed and to compare the results with soybean. Two sets of rapeseed material were tested in field experiments in different environments with varying soil P levels and harvested seeds were used for seed quality analysis. Results revealed significant genotypic differences in total seed P concentration, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94%. Depending on the experiment, the heritability for total P concentration ranged from 52 to 93%. The organic P portion of total P concentration was above 90% for current rapeseed hybrids. In both sets, there was a significant positive correlation between seed protein and P concentration. A NIRS calibration for total P concentration in intact seeds showed in cross validation a standard error of 0.05% and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.83. Total P concentration of soybean seeds and meal was between 0.55 and 0.65%, and around 1.1% for rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal had a twofold higher ratio of total P to nitrogen concentration as compared to soybean which could be considered adverse when the meal is used for feeding livestock.

Prediction of phosphorus concentration in tile-drainage water from the Montreal Lowlands soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beauchemin ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
M. A. Bolinder ◽  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
D. Cluis
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Total P

Subsurface drainage systems can be a significant pathway for P transfer from some soils to surface waters. The objective of the study was to determine P concentration in tile-drainage water and its relationship to P status in surface soils (A horizons) from an intensively cultivated area in the Montreal Lowlands. The profiles of 43 soil units were characterized for their P contents and pedogenic properties. Tile-drainage water P concentrations were monitored over a 3-y r period on a weekly basis on 10 soil units, and four times during each growing season for the other 33 units. The soil units were grouped into lower and higher P sorbing soils using multiple discriminant equations developed in an earlier related study. The A horizons of the lower P sorbing soils had an elevated P saturation degree [mean Mehlich(III) P/Al = 17%] associated with total P concentrations in tile-drainage water consistently greater than the surface water quality standard of 0.03 mg total P L-1. Conversely, low P concentrations in tile-drainage waters (< 0.03 mg L-1) and a moderate mean Mehlich(III) P/Al ratio of 8% were observed in the higher P sorbing soil group. Total P concentrations in drainage systems were significantly related to soil P status in surface soils. Grouping soils according to their P sorption capacities increased the power of prediction based on only one soil variable. However, accurate predictions in terms of drain P concentration can hardly be obtained unless large dataset and other factors related to field management practices and hydrology of the sites are also considered. Therefore, a better alternative to predict the risk of P leaching is to work in terms of risk classes and rely on a multiple factor index. Key words: Tile-drainage water, phosphorus, P transfer, P loss, degree of soil P saturation, phosphorus index

High phosphorus concentration in Trifolium balansae and Medicago polymorpha seed increases in herbage and seed yields in the field

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed of Trifolium balansae and Medicago polymorpha, of the same size (mean ± s.d., T. balansae 0.8 ± 0.01 mglseed, M. polymorpha 3.6 ± 0.05 mg/seed) but with increasing phosphorus (P) concentration in the seed (T. balansae 0.34 to 0.63% P, M. polymorpha 0.40 to 0.64% P), were sown in field experiments as singlestrain, dense, ungrazed swards on 2 different soil types (a sand and a lateritic gravel sand) in south-western Australia. Different amounts of superphosphate were drilled with the seed (5-40 kg P/ha for the sand, and 15-100 kg P/ha for the lateritic gravel sand). Increasing P concentration in seed increased yields of dried herbage measured at each harvest, and also increased seed yields (measured for M. polymorpha only). Increasing P concentration in the seed increased the effectiveness of superphosphate drilled with the seed, so that less fertiliser was required to produce the same yield as P concentration in the seed increased.

Concentrations and Kinetics of Phosphorus Fractions in Water from Streams Entering Lake Memphremagog

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Henry Peters
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
River Water ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Total P

This study examines the possibility that the proportions of different P fractions may vary among rivers, and hence, that the P supplied to lakes may differ in its availability for algae regardless of any similarities in the total P concentration of river waters. Surface water from eight streams and groundwater was collected at roughly monthly intervals from June 1975 to September 1976 and analyzed to determine the concentrations of P fractions and the interrelations between these forms and orthophosphate. Despite differences in total P concentration, (18–64 μg/L) the proportions of P in different fractions were relatively constant seasonally and geographically. Soluble P formed about one third and PO4 < 10% of the total P. These values were not greatly affected by urban drainage but both were increased in small headwater streams during periods of low water. Soluble P was divided into two roughly equal fractions by gel filtration: a large molecular weight fraction (> 5000 mol wt) which eluted at void volume and a small molecular weight fraction (< 400 mol wt) which eluted with 32P-PO4. This latter fraction also included some small organic phosphates. Soluble reactive phosphate consistently overestimated PO4. The exchange of P between PO4 and suspended material was slow in winter and more rapid in summer, although only rivers draining lakes, embayments, or bogs reached the very rapid values reported from lakes. As in lakes, soluble organic P entered into the short-term P dynamics of streams as indicated by the labeling of large molecular weight P during equilibration of river water with radioactive phosphate. This exchange shows that at least a portion of the soluble organic and particulate P is available to the plankton once the river water enters a lake. The uncertainty as to the size of this portion leads to uncertainty in predicting the impact of P loading on lakes. Key words: nutrient budget, P loading, orthophosphate, soluble organic P, drainage basins

scholarly journals Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5831-5846
Author(s):  
Xianjin He ◽  
Laurent Augusto ◽  
Daniel S. Goll ◽  
Bruno Ringeval ◽  
Yingping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Soil represents the largest phosphorus (P) stock in terrestrial ecosystems. Determining the amount of soil P is a critical first step in identifying sites where ecosystem functioning is potentially limited by soil P availability. However, global patterns and predictors of soil total P concentration remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we constructed a database of total P concentration of 5275 globally distributed (semi-)natural soils from 761 published studies. We quantified the relative importance of 13 soil-forming variables in predicting soil total P concentration and then made further predictions at the global scale using a random forest approach. Soil total P concentration varied significantly among parent material types, soil orders, biomes, and continents and ranged widely from 1.4 to 9630.0 (median 430.0 and mean 570.0) mg kg−1 across the globe. About two-thirds (65 %) of the global variation was accounted for by the 13 variables that we selected, among which soil organic carbon concentration, parent material, mean annual temperature, and soil sand content were the most important ones. While predicted soil total P concentrations increased significantly with latitude, they varied largely among regions with similar latitudes due to regional differences in parent material, topography, and/or climate conditions. Soil P stocks (excluding Antarctica) were estimated to be 26.8 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg and 62.2 ± 8.9 Pg (1 Pg = 1 × 1015 g) in the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), respectively. Our global map of soil total P concentration as well as the underlying drivers of soil total P concentration can be used to constraint Earth system models that represent the P cycle and to inform quantification of global soil P availability. Raw datasets and global maps generated in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14583375 (He et al., 2021).

scholarly journals Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjin He ◽  
Laurent Augusto ◽  
Daniel S. Goll ◽  
Bruno Ringeval ◽  
Yingping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Soils represent the largest phosphorus (P) reserves on land and determining the amount is a critical first step for identifying sites where ecosystem functioning is potentially limited by P availability. However, global patterns and predictors of soil total P concentration remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we constructed a database of the total P concentration of 5,275 distributed globally natural soils. We quantified the relative importance of 13 soil-forming variables in predicting soil total P concentration and then made further predictions at the global scale using a random forest approach. Soil total P concentration varied significantly among parent material types, soil orders, biomes, and continents, and ranged widely from 1.4 to 9,630.0 (median 430.0 and mean 570.0) mg kg−1 across the globe. About two-thirds (65 %) of the global variation was accounted for by the 13 variables that we selected, among which soil organic carbon concentration, parent material, mean annual temperature, and soil sand content were the most important. While global predictions of soil total P concentration increased significantly with latitude, they varied largely among regions with similar latitudes due to regional differences in parent material, topography, and/or climate conditions. Global soil P stocks (excluding Antarctica) were estimated to be 26.8 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg and 62.2 ± 8.9 Pg (1 Pg = 1 × 1015 g) in the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), respectively. Our global map of soil total P concentration as well as the underlying drivers of soil total P concentration can be used to constraint Earth system models that represent the P cycle and to inform quantification of global soil P availability. Raw datasets and global maps generated in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14583375 (He et al., 2021).

Examining Phosphorus Use Efficiency Across Different Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo F. Kreutz ◽  
Jehangir H. Bhadha ◽  
Germán Sandoya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Fertilizers

Abstract Most agricultural soils worldwide present limited availability of phosphorus (P) and crops require supplemental application of P fertilizers. Due to the economic and environmental concerns derived from the use of P fertilizers, identifying and breeding P-efficient lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars is imperative for the reduction of production costs and implementation of more sustainable practices. Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) remains unexplored in lettuce. In this research, 66 lettuce genotypes of six morphological types were evaluated between standard recommended P rate (202 kg·ha–1 of P2O5) and half-P rate (101 kg·ha–1 of P2O5). Lettuce genotypes were tested in two field experiments conducted during the 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 growing seasons in the organic soils (Histosols) within the Everglades Agricultural Area of South Florida. Head weight, marketability, tissue P concentration, soil total-P concentration, and soil extractable P were measured. Genetic variation was detected for PUE within romaine, crisphead, butterhead, Latin, and loose leaf. Eight genotypes were found to produce similar or higher head weight and good marketability when grown in the half-P rate compared to the standard P rate. No correlations were detected between head weight and tissue P concentration, indicating possible variation in P uptake and utilization on the tested lettuce genotypes. A significant, positive correlation was observed for soil total-P and soil extractable P, indicating that the increase in total P concentration of Histosols resulted in higher availability of P to plants. Lettuce genetic variation for PUE may allow further development of P-efficient cultivars for conventional and alternative production systems. More comprehensive investigations must be conducted to elucidate the genetic mechanisms controlling PUE in lettuce.

Evaluation of the phosphorus status of some coconut-growing soils of Sri Lanka

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Loganathan ◽  
P. M. N. Dayaratne ◽  
R. T. Shanmuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Total P

SUMMARYThe phosphorus status of 58 soil samples representing 15 soil series and four soil Orders (Ultisol, Entisol, Alfisol and Oxisol) in the major coconut-growing regions of Sri Lanka was evaluated by determining the available P extracted by the methods of Olsen, Bray & Kurtz No. 1, Bray & Kurtz No. 2 and NH4OAc (pH 4·8) and the various P forms. Total P in the soils ranged from 37 to 338 mg/kg with organic P and active P constituting only about 20 and 50% of the total P respectively. In general the sandy soils of the Entisols and Oxisols had lower total and organic P but higher active and available P than the rest. The relative abundance of the various inorganic P forms was generally in the decreasing order of inactive P, Fe-P, Al-P and Ca-P. Al-P and Ca-P were positively correlated with percentage sand and negatively correlated with percentage silt and percentage clay whereas total P and organic P had the opposite trend. Available P extracted by the four methods was very low in almost all soils except some of the sandy soils (Entisols) which had marginal to moderate P contents. They were positively correlated with Al-P, Ca-P, percentage sand and negatively correlated with percentages of silt, clay and organic carbon.Phosphorus concentrations (0·074–0·116%) in the 14th leaf of coconut at the soil sites were all lower than the critical leaf-P concentration (0·120%). Leaf-P correlations with Bray & Kurtz No. 2-P and NH40Ac-P were significant (P < 0·05) and with Al-P and Ca-P were close to significant.The study revealed that the coconut-growing soils of Sri Lanka were deficient in total as well as the active and available forms of P except perhaps some of the sandy soils of the Entisol. This was confirmed by coconut leaf P analysis.

Recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge in combination with the supercritical water process

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunbo Zhai ◽  
Bobin Xiang ◽  
Hongmei Chen ◽  
Bibo Xu ◽  
Lu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Total P

In this paper, the fraction transformation and recovering of phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge (SS) residues, derived from supercritical water process, was investigated by extraction and precipitation processes. In addition, the form of heavy metals existing during the recovery process is also discussed. First, P in the solid residues was recovered by acid leaching with HCl, and then the derived P was adsorbed by activated alumina (Al2O3). Finally, the Al2O3 was desorbed with low concentration of NaOH. Results showed that 80% organic P was converted into HCl-P. The total P (the chief ingredient of HCl-P) in solid residue increased from 86.1 to 95.6% as temperature increased from 350 to 400 °C. The amount of P in the solid residue that was dissolved by 1 M HCl was 97.8%, and over 95% of P in the leaching solution (15 mg/L for P concentration) was adsorbed after 5.0 g of Al2O3 powder was added. The amount of P desorbed from Al2O3 with 0.1 M NaOH was 98.7%. Ultimately, over 85% of TP in SS was recovered. Moreover, the proportion of Cu, Zn and Pb in the extracted P products was lower than 5%.

scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Macronutrients

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
Jennifer L. Tonos ◽  
Jodi A. Scheffler ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Nutrients, including macronutrients such as Ca, P, K, and Mg, are essential for crop production and seed quality, and for human and animal nutrition and health. Macronutrient deficiencies in soil lead to poor crop nutritional qualities and a low level of macronutrients in cottonseed meal-based products, leading to malnutrition. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with a high level of macronutrients or significant variability in the macronutrient content of crop seeds is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on cottonseed macronutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and content of the cottonseed macronutrients Ca, K, Mg, N, P, and S in chromosome substitution lines (CS). Nine chromosome substitution lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations in 2013 in South Carolina, USA, and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA. The controls used were TM-1, the recurrent parent of the CS line, and the cultivar AM UA48. The results showed major variability in macronutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and controls. For example, in South Carolina, the mean values showed that five CS lines (CS-T02, CS-T04, CS-T08sh, CS-B02, and CS-B04) had higher Ca level in seed than controls. Ca levels in these CS lines varied from 1.88 to 2.63 g kg−1 compared with 1.81 and 1.72 g kg−1 for TM-1 and AMUA48, respectively, with CS-T04 having the highest Ca concentration. CS-M08sh exhibited the highest K concentration (14.50 g kg−1), an increase of 29% and 49% over TM-1 and AM UA48, respectively. Other CS lines had higher Mg, P, and S than the controls. A similar trend was found at the MS location. This research demonstrated that chromosome substitution resulted in higher seed macronutrients in some CS lines, and these CS lines with a higher content of macronutrients can be used as a genetic tool towards the identification of desired seed nutrition traits. Also, the CS lines with higher desired macronutrients can be used as parents to breed for improved nutritional quality in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., through improvement by the interspecific introgression of desired seed nutrient traits such as Ca, K, P, S, and N. The positive and significant (p ≤ 0.0001) correlation of P with Ca, P with Mg, S with P, and S with N will aid in understanding the relationships between nutrients to improve the fertilizer management program and maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Anchi Wu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

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