Active carbon pools and enzyme activities in soils amended with de-inking paper sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Chantal J. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
The Impact

Application of paper mill wastes generally improves soil organic matter content, biological activity and physical properties. However, the impact of large application rates (>50 Mg ha−1) on soil microflora and their activity has not been assessed. A field study was undertaken on a well-drained clay loam and a poorly drained silty clay loam amended with de-inking paper sludge (DPS) at rates of 0 (control), 50 or 100 Mg ha−1. K2SO4-extractable C (Cext), soil water content (SWC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and different enzyme activity rates were periodically measured in soil during 1075 d following DPS incorporation. Compared with control soils, Cext content increased by 100 to 200%, and soil water content increased by 35% following incorporation of DPS at 100 Mg ha−1. Those differences decreased in time as DPS decomposed. Soil MBC increased proportionally with the rate of DPS amendment and was about twice the amount in soils amended with 100 Mg ha−1 compared with the control. Microbial quotient (ratio of MBC to total soil organic C) was greater in DPS-amended than in control soils until day 370, reflecting the input of labile C from DPS. Compared with the control, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase activity rates increased by 40 to 100% when adding 50 Mg DPS ha−1. However, the rates were similar for 50 and 100 Mg DPS ha−1. We concluded that DPS promoted microbial growth and activity in the soil by improving C and water availability. However, levelling off of enzyme activity at a DPS loading rate above 50 Mg ha−1 could reflect changes in soil microbial community, or some kinetic interference or nutrient deficiency induced by excessive C input. Key words: Microbial biomass, active carbon, soil enzyme, paper sludge

scholarly journals An empirical model for describing the influence of water content and concentration of sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) in soil on the total net CO2 efflux

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fér ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Barbora Kalkušová ◽  
Aleš Klement ◽  
Antonín Nikodem
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the impact of the soil water content and sulfamethoxazole, SUL, (antibiotic) concentration in soil on the net CO2 efflux. Soil samples were taken from topsoils of a Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples were packed into the steel cylinders. The net CO2 efflux was measured from these soil columns after application of fresh water or SUL solution at different soil water contents. The experiments were carried out in dark at 20°C. The trends in the net CO2 efflux varied for different treatments. While initially high values for water treatment exponentially decreased in time, values for solution treatment increased during the first 250–650 minutes and then decreased. The total net CO2 effluxes measured for 20 hours related to the soil water content followed the second order polynomial functions. The maximal values were measured for the soil water content of 0.15 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Fluvisol with water or solution, Haplic Chernozem with solution) and 0.11 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Chernozem with water). The ratios between values measured for solution and water at the same soil water contents exponentially increased with increasing SUL concentration in soils. This proved the increasing stimulative influence of SUL on soil microbial activity.

Analysis and Mechanism of Impact of GPR Detection Effect Result from Soil Water Content

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 2098-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jing Wang ◽  
Zhen Qi Hu ◽  
Yan Ling Zhao ◽  
Yu Ming Guo ◽  
Pei Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Underground Pipe ◽  
Mechanism Of Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detection Effect

Using the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system with the different frequencies and neutron probe, combing with radar image interpretation and the amplitude spectrum, the impact of GPR detection effects on the soil taxonomy and underground pipe were analyzed. The results indicate that when the soil content is 17.02%, the effect on soil taxonomy of 750MHZ antenna is better than 400MHZ, but the effect on underground pipe is same. As soil water content increases to 25.333%, the soil taxonomy of two antennas’ detection tends to same, and “fake stratifications” existed. The soil water content accelerates to 36.389%, the detection effect on soil taxonomy and underground pipe is so poor. Attenuation mechanism and propagation characteristics of the high electromagnetic wave were presented to interpret those phenomena. The above analysis shows that the soil water content is one of the main prerequisites for the applications of GPR. Some indicators could be provided to nondestructive test in land consolidation project quality by GPR from this research.

scholarly journals Relationship of Soil Respiration to Crop and Landscape in the Walnut Creek Watershed

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Parkin ◽  
T. C. Kaspar ◽  
Z. Senwo ◽  
J. H. Prueger ◽  
J. L. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Creek Watershed

Abstract Soil respiration is an important component of the carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Many factors exert controls on soil respiration, including temperature, soil water content, organic matter, soil texture, and plant root activity. This study was conducted to quantify soil respiration in the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, and to investigate the factors controlling this process. Six agricultural fields were identified for this investigation: three of the fields were cropped with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and three were cropped with corn (Zea mays L.). Within each field, soil respiration was measured at nine locations, with each location corresponding to one of three general landscape positions (summit, side slope, and depression). Soil respiration was measured using a portable vented chamber connected to an infrared gas analyzer. Soil samples were collected at each location for the measurement of soil water content, pH, texture, microbial biomass, and respiration potential. Field respiration rates did not show a significant landscape effect. However, there was a significant crop effect, with respiration from cornfields averaging 37.5 g CO2 m−2 day−1 versus an average respiration of 13.1 g CO2 m−2 day−1 in soybean fields. In contrast, laboratory measurements of soil respiration potential, which did not include plant roots, showed a significant landscape effect and an insignificant cropping system effect. Similar relationships were observed for soil organic C and microbial biomass. Additional analyses indicate that corn roots may be more important than soybean roots in their contribution to surface CO2 flux, and that root respiration masked landscape effects on total soil respiration. Also, the failure to account for soil respiration may lead to biased estimates of net primary production measured by eddy covariance.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Saturation Duration and Soil Water Content on Root Rot of Maize Caused by Pythium arrhenomanes

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yanar ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
I. W. Deep
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
Flooding Duration

Three aggressive isolates of P. arrhenomanes (201-25, 7E, and 5E) were used to evaluate the effect of soil saturation duration and soil water content on maize root rot. Maize seedlings grown in infested and noninfested soil:sand mixtures were subjected to saturation durations of 0, 6, 12, 24, or 40 h. Four silty-clay loam soil:sand mixtures (100:0, 80:20, 50:50, and 0:100) were used to evaluate the effect of soil water content on disease development. Matric water potential was maintained at -1 J/kg during the experiment except for the saturation period. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of saturation duration and soil water content on root and shoot dry weight. Negative slope values were obtained for increasing saturation duration and reduced water content (increased proportion of sand to soil). Intercepts of regression lines for shoot and root dry weights were lower for the infested soil:sand treatments than the noninfested treatments. These results indicated that growth of maize plants was negatively affected by increased flooding duration, lower soil water content, and presence of the pathogen. Growth of maize was significantly (P = 0.05) less in the presence of the pathogen than in non-inoculated control treatments at each soil water content and flooding duration.

The impact of ski slopes management on Krvavec ski resort (Slovenia) on hydrological functions of soils

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Pintar ◽  
Bostjan Mali ◽  
Hojka Kraigher
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Upper Timberline ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe study was performed on the ski resort Krvavec, which is one of the most frequented ski resorts in Slovenia. The ski slopes serve as pastures for cattle during summer time and range from 1500 to 2000 m a.s.l., which is at or above the upper timberline. To offer a longer ski season and to profit snow better (either natural or artificial one) the slopes have been levelled and consequently the soil profile has been changed. Such altered soil profile characteristics strongly impact hydrological functions of soils.To study these impacts, five plots (20 × 20 m) have been chosen on the slopes with a different history: pasture without any amelioration work, a patch of forest in the ski resort without any ameliorations, and three plots with different intensity of amelioration.Dynamics of soil water content on each plot has been determined by measuring soil water content in-situ with portable TDR system during several days after long lasting heavy rains. Statistically significant differences were shown in soil water content between the plots after the rain, although some differences between plots have disappeared in the following days.

scholarly journals Impact of long term fertilization on soil water content in Haploborolls

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Song ◽  
X.Y. Zhang ◽  
X.B. Liu ◽  
Y.Y. Sui ◽  
Z.L. Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The Impact

Soil water content under no fertilizer (NF), fertilizer (F) (N:30; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>: 45 kg/ha), and fertilizer plus pig manure (FO) (N:30; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>: 45 kg/ha; pig manure 15 000 kg/ha in 2003; and 30 000 kg/ha in 2004 and 2005) treatments was measured using neutron probe instrument for a period three years in a long term field experiment in order to investigate the impact of different fertilization treatments on Haploborolls soil water content. Fertilization had significant effects on the soil water content. FO treatment had greater soil water content in 10 cm depth than F treatment with average 9.9% increase (P &lt; 0.05) but lower than NF treatment; however, in the depth from 30 to 90 cm, there was no water content difference between F and FO treatments. Treatment with organic amendments reduced total soil water content on the long term experiment basis. Across the three years, no fertilizer treatment had total soil water content higher by 1.2% and 3.1% than fertilizer treatment and fertilizer plus pig manure treatment within 10 to 210 cm soil profile in most of the months, respectively.

Evaluation of radiant canopy temperature and soil water measurement for quantifying the contribution of shallow watertables to crop evaporation.

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mateos ◽  
WS Meyer ◽  
RCG Smith ◽  
R Sides
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Aerodynamic Resistance ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Clay Loam

Accurate estimation of the contribution of shallow watertables to crop water consumption is of major importance for improved irrigation practice and watertable management. A water balance model based on radiant canopy temperature estimations of crop evaporation and measurements of the change in the soil water content with a neutron probe was used to estimate the net upward flux from the watertable. The model was tested against measurements made by using two weighing lysimeters containing loam and clay loam soils, and the estimation of errors involved was analysed. The watertable in the lysimeters was maintained 1 m below the ground surface. Evaporation from a soybean crop was estimated by using an energy balance model with measured values of net radiant energy and soil heat flux. Sensible heat flux was calculated from the difference between the radiant canopy temperature and air temperature, together with an estimated aerodynamic resistance of the crop. Two sources of error were associated with the model, one due to the estimation of crop evaporation and the other due to the measurement of the change in soil water content. Errors of 0.7 and 5.1 mm per day were estimated for the first and second sources respectively. The accuracy of the method was determined by the length of the period considered and by the contribution of the watertable itself. An error of 20% was estimated when periods of 20 and 80 days were considered in the loam and clay loam soils respectively. Shorter time periods will result in larger uncertainty. The implications of the these results for watertable management are discussed.

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