Classification of Submicron Silica Particles Using Electrophoretic Phenomenon

Molecular imprinting is one of the promising techniques that have been used recently to detect trace contaminants in aqueous solution. This technique is based on the fact that the target compound is present during the polymer synthesis which gives an opportunity for the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) to rebind the target molecule selectivity after removal. In this thesis, it was used to detect a hormone (testosterone) in water and blood samples. The procedures are straightforward, fast, and use simple equipment. The detection of the template was carried out by using HPLC and UV-Vis. The MIP starts by preparing a template for the polymer morphology from a silica particle deposition on the glasses slides. At the beginning of this research, the silica particles were prepared by using the Stober method and then commercial silica particles were used. Bulk polymerization was used to prepare the polymer. Two types of solvent (porogen) have been applied. The composition of the prepolymerization solution was optimized. The smart sensor was used first as a self-standing film to characterize and validate. After that, the sensor was deposited on a Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) slide as a support material which made it easy to use and regenerate. The selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor to the target (testosterone) were studied. The sensor has the potential to detect testosterone not only in a water sample but also in blood samples. In addition, this sensor has the potential for integration into a microdevice for on-site and online monitoring. Such a sensor could be easily used by an inexperienced operator. In this work, the sensor was developed to detect the target with a very low concentration in blood samples. Different endocrine disrupted chemicals were used to compete for the target and to test the potential interference effect. Several human blood samples were utilized to investigate the sensor selectivity. Also, the recoverability of the sensors was studied. The detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals by traditional methods was complicated, expensive and time-consuming. This research studied the affinity of eight EDCs to the testosterone sensor. In addition, the relation between the classification of chemicals depend on relative binding affinity (RBA) which calculated from other sources to the classification that were got from the sensor were compared to investigate any relationship between. Based on the results of the study, the chemicals were classified into 4 categories, according to their response: strong affinity (T), moderate (CHL, VIN, EST, and FLU), weak (BPA, DDE, and DCP), and inactive (DDT). Also, the percent activity showed that the selected chemicals had lower adsorption to the binding site of the sensor in comparison with testosterone. The results showed that 57 [percent] of our classification was identical with Fang classification which means that our sensor can be used as a pre method to study the affinity of EDCs binding to AR.

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Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053080 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 21-23

Author(s):

Y. Fujita

Keyword(s):

Infrared Region ◽

Spectral Classification ◽

Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

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Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068096 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 220-221

Author(s):

Gerald Fine ◽

Azorides R. Morales

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Myxoma ◽

Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Soft Tissue Tumors ◽

Amelanotic Melanoma ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Light Microscopic Level ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

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Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054297 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 332-333

Author(s):

V. V. Damiano ◽

R. P. Daniele ◽

H. T. Tucker ◽

J. H. Dauber

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Silica Particles ◽

Empirical Method ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Calibration Standards ◽

X Ray ◽

Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽

Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

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Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100110775 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

Irving Dardick

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Latent Period ◽

Spindle Cell ◽

Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽

Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽

Cell Sarcoma ◽

Cytological Features ◽

Industrial Use ◽

Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012103x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 126-127

Author(s):

Paul DeCosta ◽

Kyugon Cho ◽

Stephen Shemlon ◽

Heesung Jun ◽

Stanley M. Dunn

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Muscle Cell ◽

Electron Micrographs ◽

Relative Size ◽

Automatic Classification ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Analysis Algorithm ◽

Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

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Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147089 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 248-249

Author(s):

Jacob S. Hanker ◽

Dale N. Holdren ◽

Kenneth L. Cohen ◽

Beverly L. Giammara

Keyword(s):

Contact Lenses ◽

Ocular Infection ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Different Types ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

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Ultrastructural Classification of Pituary Adenomas

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158832 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 258-258

Author(s):

S. Arumugam ◽

Sarasa Bharati Arumugam

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Organelle ◽

Null Cell ◽

Cell Adenoma ◽

Mixed Cell ◽

Light Microscope Level ◽

Null Cell Adenoma ◽

Growth Hormone Cell ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

Organelle Morphology

Adenoaas of the pituitary are no longer classified based on their tinctorial affinity to dyes. With the advent of the newer methods of sophisticated technology, it is now possible to classify. These depending upon the type of hormone secreted based either on histochemical techniques or on ultrastructural characteristics. The latter provides an insight into the cytoplasmic organelle morphology which offers a delightful feast to the eye as well.This paper presents the ultrastructural characters of the pituitary adenoma as seen in Madras. 171 adenomas (124 males and 47 females) were seen during 1972-1989, classified at the light microscope level as 159 chromophobe, 2 basophilic, 4 eosinophilic and 6 mixed adenomas.Ultrastructural examination showed that the sparsely granular prolactin cell adenoma is the commonest adenoma to be encountered closely followed by the growth hormone cell adenoma, null cell adenoma, the mixed cell adenoma and others.

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