Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Lean Growth and Methionine Flux in Cattle

Comparative molecular docking studies on creatine and guanidinoacetic acid, as well as their phosphorylated analogues, creatine phosphate, and phosphorylated guanidinoacetic acid, are investigated. Docking and density functional theory studies are carried out for muscle creatine kinase. The changes in the geometries of the ligands before and after binding to the enzyme are investigated to explain the better binding of guanidinoacetic acid and phosphorylated guanidinoacetic acid compared to creatine and creatine phosphate.

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Guanidinoacetic acid as a novel food for skeletal muscle health

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2020.104129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 104129

Author(s):

Sergej M. Ostojic ◽

Viktoria Premusz ◽

Dora Nagy ◽

Pongrac Acs

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Novel Food ◽

Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽

Muscle Health

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Genetic correlations between lean growth and litter traits in U.S. Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/2003.8171700x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (7) ◽

pp. 1700-1705 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P. Chen ◽

T. J. Baas ◽

J. W. Mabry ◽

K. J. Koehler

Keyword(s):

Genetic Correlations ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Litter Traits

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Selection for components of efficient lean growth rate in pigs 2. Selection pressure applied and direct responses in a Landrace herd

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100007753 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 263-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. D. Cameron ◽

M. K. Curran

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Correlated Response ◽

Selection Line ◽

Control Line ◽

Direct Response ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Selection For ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractResponses to divergent selection for lean growth rate with ad-libitum feeding (LGA), for lean food conversion (LFC) and for daily food intake (DFI) in Landrace pigs were studied. Selection was practised for four generations with a generation interval ofl year. A total of 2642 pigs were performance tested in the high, low and control lines, with an average of 37 boars and 39 gilts performance tested per selection line in each generation. The average within-line inbreeding coefficient at generation four was equal to 0·04. There was one control line for the DFI and LFC selection groups and another control line for the LGA selection group. Animals were performance tested in individual pens with mean starting and finishing weights of 30 kg and 85 kg respectively with ad-libitum feeding. The selection criteria had phenotypic s.d. of 32, 29 and 274 units, for LGA, LFC and DFI, respectively, and results are presented in phenotypic s.d.Cumulative selection differentials (CSD) were 5·1, 4·5 and 5·5 phenotypic s.d. for LGA, LFC and DFI, respectively. Direct responses to selection were 1·4,1·1 and 0·9 (s.e. 0·20) for LGA, LFC and DFI. In each of the three selection groups, the CSD and direct responses to selection were symmetric about the control lines. The correlated response in LFC (1·1, s.e. 0·19) with selection on LGA was equal to the direct response in LFC. In contrast, the direct response in LGA was greater than the correlated response (0·7, s.e. 0·18) with selection on LFC. There was a negative correlated response in DFI (-0·6, s.e. 0·18) with selection on LFC, but the response with selection on LGA was not significant (0·2, s.e. 0·16).Heritabilities for LGA, LFC and DFI ivere 0·25, 0·25 and 0·18 (s.e. 0·03), when estimated by residual maximum likelihood, with common environmental effects of 0·12 (s.e. 0·02). Genetic correlations for LFC with LGA and DFI were respectively positive (0·87, s.e. 0·02) and negative (-0·36, s.e. 0·09), while the genetic correlation between DFI and LGA was not statistically different from zero, 0·13 (s.e. 0·10). Selection on components of efficient lean growth has identified LGA as an effective selection objective for improving both LGA and LFC, without a reduction in DFI.

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Selection for rate and efficiency of lean gain in Hereford cattle 1. Selection pressure applied and direct responses

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100005122 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 23-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. A. Mrode ◽

C. Smith ◽

R. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Control Line ◽

Correlated Responses ◽

Direct Response ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Hereford Cattle ◽

Frozen Semen ◽

Phenotypic Standard Deviation ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTSelection of bulls for rate and efficiency of lean gain was studied in a herd of Hereford cattle. There were two selection lines, one selected for lean growth rate (LGR) from birth to 400 days and the other for lean food conversion ratio (LFCR) from 200 to 400 days of age, for a period of 8 years. A control line bred by frozen semen from foundation bulls was also maintained. Generation interval was about 2·4 years and average male selection differentials, per generation were 1·2 and — 1·1 phenotypic standard deviation units for LGR and LFCR respectively.Genetic parameters and responses to selection were estimated from the deviation of the selected lines from a control line and by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques on the same material. Realized heritabilities were 0·40 (s.e. 0·12) for LGR and 0·40 (s.e. 0·13) for LFCR using the control line. Corresponding estimates from REML were 0·42 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·37 (s.e. 0·14). The estimate of the genetic correlation between LGR and LFCR was about — 0·69 (s.e. 0·12) using REML.The estimates of direct annual genetic change using deviations from the control were 3·6 (s.e. 1·3) g/day for LGR and — 0·14 (s.e. 0·07) kg food per kg lean gain for LFCR. Corrsponding estimates from REML were similar but more precisely estimated. The correlated responses for LFCR in the LGR line was higher than the direct response for LFCR.

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Selection for lean growth rate and correlated responses in litter traits in a synthetic line of Yorkshire-Meishan pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a00-082 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 205-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Chen ◽

T. J. Baas ◽

J. C. M. Dekkers ◽

L. L. Christian

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Correlated Response ◽

Selection Line ◽

Control Line ◽

Correlated Responses ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Litter Traits ◽

Selection For ◽

Synthetic Line

Selection for lean growth rate (LGR) was conducted for four generations in a synthetic line of Yorkshire-Meishan pigs to study the effectiveness of selection for LGR and correlated responses in litter traits. Lean growth rate was estimated from ultrasound measurements of 10th-rib backfat thickness and longissimus muscle area. In the selection line, 7 boars and 20 gilts with the highest LGR were selected to produce the next generation. The generation interval was 13 mo and the average selection differential per generation was 1.1 phenotypic standard deviation units. A contemporaneous control line was maintained by randomly selecting 5 boars and 15 gilts. Data from a total of 1057 pigs sired by 58 boars and out of 133 sows were available from the two lines. Selection responses were estimated from deviations of the selection line from the control line using least squares (LS) and by multiple trait derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood analysis using an animal model (AM). The estimate of response to selection per generation using LS was 9.4 ± 0.95 g d–1 for LGR. The corresponding estimate from the AM was 9.8 ± 0.51 g d–1. Correlated responses in litter traits were regressed on generation. For the LS method, regression coefficients were negative but not significant (P > 0.05) for total number born, number born alive, and number at 21 d and at 42 d. Significant, positive correlated responses occurred in 42-d litter weight and 21-d piglet weight (P < 0.05). For the AM method, the regression coefficients were also negative, but were not significant (P > 0.05) for numberalive at birth, at 21 d, and at 42 d. A significant positive correlated response occurred only for 42-d litter weight (P < 0.05). Although results are based on a population of limited size, it can be concluded that selection for LGR in a synthetic line is effective and should have little effect on litter traits. Key words: Pigs, selection, lean growth rate, correlated response

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Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on nitrogen retention and methionine flux in cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Mehrnaz Ardalan ◽

Matt D Miesner ◽

Christopher D Reinhardt ◽

Daniel U Thomson ◽

Cheryl K Armendariz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

High Energy ◽

Plasma Homocysteine ◽

Whole Body ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Methyl Group ◽

Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽

Protein Supply ◽

Plot Design

Abstract Creatine stores high-energy phosphate bonds in muscle and is synthesized in the liver through methylation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). Supplementation of GAA may therefore increase methyl group requirements, and this may affect methyl group utilization. Our experiment evaluated the metabolic responses of growing cattle to postruminal supplementation of GAA, in a model where methionine (Met) was deficient, with and without Met supplementation. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (161 kg initial body weight [BW]) were limit-fed a soybean hull-based diet (2.7 kg/d dry matter) and received continuous abomasal infusions of an essential amino acid (AA) mixture devoid of Met to ensure that no AA besides Met limited animal performance. To provide energy without increasing the microbial protein supply, all steers received ruminal infusions of 200 g/d acetic acid, 200 g/d propionic acid, and 50 g/d butyric acid, as well as abomasal infusions of 300 g/d glucose. Treatments, provided abomasally, were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial in a split-plot design, and included 0 or 6 g/d of l-Met and 0, 7.5, and 15 g/d of GAA. The experiment included six 10-d periods. Whole body Met flux was measured using continuous jugular infusion of 1-13C-l-Met and methyl-2H3-l-Met. Nitrogen retention was elevated by Met supplementation (P < 0.01). Supplementation with GAA tended to increase N retention when it was supplemented along with Met, but not when it was supplemented without Met. Supplementing GAA linearly increased plasma concentrations of GAA and creatine (P < 0.001), but treatments did not affect urinary excretion of GAA, creatine, or creatinine. Supplementation with Met decreased plasma homocysteine (P < 0.01). Supplementation of GAA tended (P = 0.10) to increase plasma homocysteine when no Met was supplemented, but not when 6 g/d Met was provided. Protein synthesis and protein degradation were both increased by GAA supplementation when no Met was supplemented, but decreased by GAA supplementation when 6 g/d Met were provided. Loss of Met through transsulfuration was increased by Met supplementation, whereas synthesis of Met from remethylation of homocysteine was decreased by Met supplementation. No differences in transmethylation, transsulfuration, or remethylation reactions were observed in response to GAA supplementation. The administration of GAA, when methyl groups are not limiting, has the potential to improve lean tissue deposition and cattle growth.

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Impaired Metabolism of Guanidinoacetic Acid in Uremia

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000183576 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 174-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yohei Tofuku ◽

Hiroaki Muramoto ◽

Mitsuhiko Kuroda ◽

Ryoyu Takeda

Keyword(s):

Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽

Impaired Metabolism

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The use of compositional growth curves for assessing the response to dietary lysine by high-lean growth gilts

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800014430 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 159-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. G. Friesen ◽

J. L. Nelssen ◽

R. D. Goodband ◽

M. D. Tokach ◽

A. P. Schinckel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Mean Values ◽

Lean Growth ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Limiting Amino Acid ◽

Soya Bean Meal ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Separate Regression

AbstractGrowth modelling was used to characterize the response to digestible lysine in two experiments (114 gilts in experiment 1 and 96 gilts in experiment 2) from 34 to 72·5 kg and 72·5 to 136 kg, respectively. Maize-soya-bean meal diets were formulated to assure that lysine (5·4 to 10·4 and 5·4 to 9·4 g digestible lysine per kg for experiments 1 and 2, respectively) was the first limiting amino acid. Analysis of variance was used to test linear and quadratic responses in cumulative weight gain on test as digestible lysine increased. A time × digestible lysine interaction (linear, P < 0·001) was detected, indicating that a separate regression equation for each lysine level was necessary. In experiment 1, average daily gain (ADG) and carcass crude protein (CP) accretion were maximized for gilts given 10·4, 9·4 and 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg from 34 to 44 kg, 44 to 54 kg, and 54 to 72·5 kg, respectively. Lipid accretion was minimized for gilts given 7·4 to 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg. In experiment 2, ADG was maximized by feeding 8·4 g/kg from 72·5 to 92·5 kg and 7·4 g/kg from 92·5 to 136 kg. Carcass CP accretion was maximized by feeding 9·4 g digestible lysine per kg, whereas lipid accretion was minimized for gilts given 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg from 72·5 to 136 kg. If feeding graded levels of digestible lysine resulted in parallel lines for protein accretion, mean values would result in accurate data evaluation. However, responses to digestible lysine changed over the feeding period. Therefore, the use of body weight and compositional growth curves offers an approach to more accurately characterize the growing pig's response to increased digestible lysine.

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