CHAPTER XII. INDEPENDENT EXPANSION OF THE SASKATCHEWAN CO-OPERATIVE

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Independent Expansion

scholarly journals Distorted TCR repertoires define multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Malik ◽  
Eszter N. Tóth ◽  
Michelle S. Teng ◽  
Jacob Hurst ◽  
Eleanor Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
T Cell Clones ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Independent Expansion

While the majority of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) display mild or no symptoms, rare individuals develop severe disease presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The reason for variable clinical manifestations is not understood. Here, we carried out TCR sequencing and conducted comparative analyses of TCR repertoires between children with severe (n=12) or mild (n=8) COVID-19. We compared these repertoires with unexposed individuals (samples collected pre-COVID-19 pandemic: n=8) and with the Adaptive Biotechnologies MIRA dataset, which includes over 135,000 high-confidence SARS-CoV-2-specific TCRs. We show that the repertoires of severely ill children are characterised by the expansion of TRBV11-2 chains with high junctional and CDR3 diversity. Moreover, the CDR3 sequences of TRBV11-2 clones shift away from SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell clones, resulting in distorted TCR repertoires. In conclusion, our study reports that CDR3-independent expansion of TRBV11-2+ cells, lacking SARS-CoV-2 specificity, defines severity of disease in children.

scholarly journals Mouse Ly49G2+ NK cells dominate early responses during both immune reconstitution and activation independently of MHC

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 7032-7041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Barao ◽  
Maite Alvarez ◽  
Erik Ames ◽  
Mark T. Orr ◽  
Heather E. Stefanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Mouse Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Independent Expansion

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cell subsets can be defined by the differential expression of inhibitory receptors for MHC class I molecules. Early after congenic HSCT, we found that Ly49G2high single-positive NK cells repopulated, displayed an activated phenotype, and were highly cytolytic. Over time, this subset was replaced with NK cells with a normal pattern of Ly49 expression. Treatment of mice with IL-2 also resulted in the rapid expansion of these Ly49G2high single-positive NK cells. Only the Ly49g (Klra7) Pro1 transcript was highly induced in both HSCT- and IL-2–treated recipients. MHC-independent expansion of the Ly49G2+ subset was also observed after Listeria monocytogenes or mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Our data indicate that during reconstitution after HSCT and various activation stimuli, Ly49G2+ NK cells represent the “first-responder” NK cells, which occur independently of NK-cell licensing via Ly49-MHC interactions. These data suggest that the inhibitory Ly49G2 receptor represents an activation marker on mouse NK cells under various conditions.

scholarly journals Cutting Edge: Flt3 Ligand Mediates STAT3-Independent Expansion but STAT3-Dependent Activation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 192 (8) ◽  
pp. 3470-3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Rosborough ◽  
Lisa R. Mathews ◽  
Benjamin M. Matta ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
Dàlia Raïch-Regué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Flt3 Ligand ◽  
Independent Expansion

scholarly journals Independent Expansion of Epitope-Specific Plasma Cell Responses upon HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Immunization

2013 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias N. E. Forsell ◽  
Martina Soldemo ◽  
Pia Dosenovic ◽  
Richard T. Wyatt ◽  
Mikael C. I. Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Independent Expansion ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals ATF6  induces XBP1-independent expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bommiasamy ◽  
S. H. Back ◽  
P. Fagone ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
S. Meshinchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Independent Expansion

scholarly journals The diverging evolutionary history of opsin genes in Diptera

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Feuda ◽  
Matthew Goulty ◽  
Nicola Zadra ◽  
Tiziana Gasparetti ◽  
Ezio Rosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Independent Expansion ◽  
Dipteran Species

AbstractOpsin receptors mediate the visual process in animals and their evolutionary history can provide precious hints on the ecological factors that underpin their diversification. Here we mined the genomes of more than 60 Dipteran species and reconstructed the evolution of their opsin genes in a phylogenetic framework. Our phylogenies indicate that dipterans possess an ancestral set of five core opsins which have undergone several lineage-specific events including an independent expansion of low wavelength opsins in flies and mosquitoes and numerous family specific duplications and losses. Molecular evolutionary studies indicate that gene turnover rate, overall mutation rate, and site-specific selective pressure are higher in Anopheles than in Drosophila; we found signs of positive selection in both lineages, including events possibly associated with their peculiar behaviour. Our findings indicate an extremely variable pattern of opsin evolution in dipterans, showcasing how two similarly aged radiations - Anopheles and Drosophila - can be characterized by contrasting dynamics in the evolution of this gene family.

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