Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Infected Adults in the Gambia

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first 6 months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January to May 2018, on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Mothers were asked to recall whether they breastfed their infant exclusively with breast milk from birth and if so, to state how long they did. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Results The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding, measured since birth, was 32.0%. E Exclusive breastfeeding’s prevalence was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%), and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–2.56) and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.02–7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for 6 months since birth while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for 6 months. Conclusions The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remains suboptimal. Advocacy campaigns on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

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Racial Disparities in Virologic Failure and Tolerability During Firstline HIV Antiretroviral Therapy

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priya Bhagwat ◽

Shashi N Kapadia ◽

Heather J Ribaudo ◽

Roy M Gulick ◽

Judith S Currier

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Virologic Failure ◽

Virologic Suppression ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

The Impact ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV outcomes have persisted despite effective antiretroviral therapy. In a study of initial regimens, we found viral suppression varied by race/ethnicity. In this exploratory analysis, we use clinical and socioeconomic data to assess factors associated with virologic failure and adverse events within racial/ethnic groups. Methods Data were from AIDS Clinical Trial Group A5257, a randomized trial of initial regimens with either atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir (each combined with tenofovir DF and emtricitabine). We grouped participants by race/ethnicity and then used Cox-proportional hazards regression to examine the impact of demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors on the time to virologic suppression and time to adverse event reporting within each racial/ethnic group. Results We analyzed data from 1762 participants: 757 self-reported as non-Hispanic black (NHB), 615 as non-Hispanic white (NHW), and 390 as Hispanic. The proportion with virologic failure was higher for NHB (22%) and Hispanic (17%) participants compared with NHWs (9%). Factors associated with virologic failure were poor adherence and higher baseline HIV RNA level. Prior clinical AIDS diagnosis was associated with virologic failure for NHBs only, and unstable housing and illicit drug use for NHWs only. Factors associated with adverse events were female sex in all groups and concurrent use of medications for comorbidities in NHB and Hispanic participants only. Conclusions Clinical and socioeconomic factors that are associated with virologic failure and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy vary between and within racial and ethnic groups. Further research may shed light into mechanisms leading to disparities and targeted strategies to eliminate those disparities.

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Factors associated with discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with alcohol problems

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540120701294245 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1039-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T. W. Kim ◽

A. Palepu ◽

D. M. Cheng ◽

H. Libman ◽

R. Saitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

Factors Associated

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Factors Associated with HIV Status Disclosure in HIV-Infected Sub-Saharan Migrants Living in France and Successfully Treated with Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from the ANRS-VIHVO Study

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health ◽

10.1007/s10903-016-0423-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 843-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. M. Kankou ◽

◽

O. Bouchaud ◽

N. Lele ◽

D. Bourgeois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Hiv Status Disclosure ◽

Status Disclosure

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Factors Associated With CD8+ T-Cell Activation in HIV-1–Infected Patients on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0000000000000286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lu Zheng ◽

Babafemi Taiwo ◽

Rajesh T. Gandhi ◽

Peter W. Hunt ◽

Ann C. Collier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Cd8 T Cell ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv 1

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Factors Associated with Abdominal Obesity among HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Malaysia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v2n2p20 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nazisa Hejazi ◽

Mary Huang Soo Lee ◽

Khor Geok Lin ◽

Christopher Lee Kwok Choong

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Factors Associated

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Risk Factors Associated with Increased Mortality among HIV Infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0022706 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. e22706 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Brian C. Zanoni ◽

Thuli Phungula ◽

Holly M. Zanoni ◽

Holly France ◽

Margaret E. Feeney

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Factors Associated

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Factors associated with virological non-suppression among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the Joint Clinical Research Centre in Lubowa, Kampala Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0246140

Author(s):

Sarah Nabukeera ◽

Joseph Kagaayi ◽

Fredrick Edward Makumbi ◽

Henry Mugerwa ◽

Joseph K. B. Matovu

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Side Effects ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Research Centre ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Art Initiation ◽

Stage 4

Background While the proportion of HIV-positive children (under 15 years) enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased in recent years, up to 60% of children started on ART do not achieve virological suppression. We set out to determine the factors associated with virological non-suppression among children living with HIV receiving ART at a peri-urban HIV care clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Method This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the pediatric HIV/AIDS clinic at the Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda. Three hundred (300) HIV-positive children (0–14 years) were randomly selected from existing medical records and data on children’s socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (age at ART initiation, WHO clinical staging, and ART-induced side effects) were abstracted using a data abstraction form. Virological non-suppression was defined as a viral load ≥1000 copies/Ml of blood after six months of ART initiation. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were determined as a measure of association between virological non-suppression and child/patient characteristics. The IRRs were obtained via a modified Poisson regression with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were done using statistical package, Stata version 15. Results The overall non-suppression rate among HIV-positive children on ART was 23%. Being at WHO clinical stage 4 at ART initiation [adj. IRR 2.74; 95%CI: 1.63, 4.61] and ART-induced side effects [adj. IRR 1.77; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.97] were significantly associated with non-suppression. Older age at ART initiation (age 5–9 years: [adj. IRR 0.42; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.65]; age 10–14 years: [adj. IRR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.64] was less likely to be associated with virological non-suppression. Conclusion Nearly a quarter of HIV-positive children on ART had a non-suppressed viral load after six months of treatment. Being at WHO clinical stage 4 at ART initiation and ART-induced side effects were significantly associated with virological non-suppression while older age at ART initiation was protective. Our findings suggest a need for age-specific interventions, particularly those targeting children below five years of age, to improve virological suppression among HIV-positive children receiving ART in this setting.

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Sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40582/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Ter Goon ◽

Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽

Oladele Vincent Adeniyi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Breastfeeding Practice

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January – May 2018 on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Mothers were asked to recall whether they breastfed their infant exclusively with breast milk from birth and if so, to state how long they did. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.Results: The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding, measured since birth, was 32.0%. EBF’s prevalence was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%), and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval CI), 1.08-2.56] and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR =2.76, 95% CI, 1.02-7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for six months since birth while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.34-0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for six months. Conclusions: The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remains suboptimal. Advocacy campaigns on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

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Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events During 12 Months of Treatment with Efavirenz in a Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Population in China: A Prospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-85006/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Dai ◽

Sen Wang ◽

Ying Shao ◽

Yali Wang ◽

Jiangzhu Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background: Efavirenz (EFV) is a widely used antiretroviral therapy (ART), but side effect risks of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) have not been investigated in Chinese populations receiving rapid ART. Methods: This prospective cohort study assessed HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral treatment with EFV to determine prevalence of and factors associated with NPAEs over a 12-month follow-up period using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: A total of 546 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances at baseline were 30.4%, 22.7%, and 68.1%, respectively. Six patients discontinued treatment due to drug related NPAEs. Treatment was associated with improvements in HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores over the 12-month follow-up, and the frequencies of patients with anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances significantly decreased after 12 months. Abnormal baseline HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores and other factors, including high school education or lower, unemployment, divorce, and WHO III/IV stages, were associated with severe neuropsychiatric disorders over the 12 months. Conclusions: These findings suggested EFV-based first-line antiretroviral therapy was well-tolerated and associated with improvements in HADS-A, HADS-D, and PSQI scores. Certain risk factors associated with neuropsychiatric disorders may be useful in identifying HIV-infected patients at higher NPAE risk.

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