Small Holder Camel Milk Production Performance in Jigjiga District, Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Background Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, (GBS)) is the leading cause of mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) among dairy camels in Sub-Saharan Africa, with negative implications for milk production and quality and animal welfare. Camel milk is often consumed raw and presence of GBS in milk may pose a public health threat. Little is known about the population structure or virulence factors of camel GBS. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of camel GBS and its implications for mastitis control and public health. Results Using whole genome sequencing, we analysed 65 camel milk GBS isolates from 19 herds in Isiolo, Kenya. Six sequence types (STs) were identified, mostly belonging to previously described camel-specific STs. One isolate belonged to ST1, a predominantly human-associated lineage, possibly as a result of interspecies transmission. Most (54/65) isolates belonged to ST616, indicative of contagious transmission. Phylogenetic analysis of GBS core genomes showed similar levels of heterogeneity within- and between herds, suggesting ongoing between-herd transmission. The lactose operon, a marker of GBS adaptation to the mammary niche, was found in 75 % of the isolates, and tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in all but two isolates. Only the ST1 isolate harboured virulence genes scpB and lmb, which are associated with human host adaptation. Conclusions GBS in milk from Kenyan camel herds largely belongs to ST616 and shows signatures of adaptation to the udder. The finding of similar levels of within- and between herd heterogeneity of GBS in camel herds, as well as potential human-camel transmission highlights the need for improved internal as well as external biosecurity to curb disease transmission and increase milk production.

Download Full-text

Seasonal Influence on Milk Production Performance in SDCMPUL in Tamil Nadu

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20216 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Production Performance ◽

Reproduction Traits ◽

Dairy Animals ◽

The Mean ◽

Spss Software

Dairy farming is vulnerable to seasonal variable factors such as temperature, cold climatic conditions, and rainfall. These affect the production and reproduction traits of dairy animals. Seasonal variability also affects the quantity of consumption and marketing of milk considerably. The study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation in milk production in Sivagangai District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Limited (SDCMPUL), Tamil Nadu. The study used secondary data. The milk production data were collected from SDCMPUL, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. The data covered the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21. The study used descriptive statistics, CAGR, and paired ‘t-test to determine the variation of milk production according to seasonal changes. The MS office - Excel software and SPSS software were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean milk production of the lean and flush season was 2.46 and 2.30 lakh liters, and the CAGR of milk production in SDCMPUL, Tamil Nadu, during the period 2001-02 to 2020-21 was 5.65 percent, and it was 5.23 percent in lean season and 6.11 percent in the flush season while the growth rate of milk production during the lean and flush season was positive and was significant statistically. It was found that the quantity of milk production was higher in the lean season than a flush season; however, the variability of milk production was more in the flush season than in the lean season.

Download Full-text

Effect of non-genetic factors on milk production performance and composition traits in Sahiwal cattle

Indian Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i06.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 587-591

Author(s):

Suchit Kumar ◽

Anupama Mukherjee ◽

Alok Kumar Yadav ◽

Prajwalita Pathak ◽

Saleem Yousuf

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Production Performance ◽

Sahiwal Cattle

Download Full-text

Replacement of raw soybean with roasted soybean increased milk production in Holstein cows

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽

Vítor Augusto Silveira ◽

Ivan Júnior Ascari ◽

Renata Apocalypse Nogueira Pereira ◽

Marina de Arruda Camargo Danés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Improved Performance

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total replacement of raw whole soybean (RAW) for roastedwhole soybean (ROS) on the production performance of Holstein cows. Two experiments were carried out usinga simple reversal design where RAW has been completely replaced by ROS. In experiment 1, 22 cows (175±60 days in milk)were used, and the dietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 3.7% of dry matter (DM). In experiment 2, 16 cows (130±50 days in milk)were used, and thedietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 11% of DM. In both experiments, ROS increased milk production by 1.1kgday-1 without changing fat and protein production. Dry matter intake or milk urea nitrogenwere not affected by dietary soy source. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentration was decreased, and allantoin/creatinine ratio in urine tended to decreasein ROS. Experiment 2 also evaluated the nutrient digestibility and ruminal degradation kinetics of crude protein in two soybean sources. Roasting had no effect on the digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber. Roasted whole soybean hadgreater fraction B and lower protein degradation rate than did RAW; this showed that heat treatment was effective in increasing therumen undegradable amino acid flowto the animal, which suggesteda potential mechanism of action for improved performance observed in ROS.

Download Full-text

Effects of feeding urea-treated triticale and oat grain mixtures on ruminal fermentation, microbial population, and milk production performance of midlactation dairy cows

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kacper Libera ◽

Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽

Mina Vazirigohar ◽

Wiktor Zieliński ◽

Rafal Lukow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Starch Content ◽

Production Performance ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Available Energy ◽

Branched Chain

AbstractThe starch content of triticale and oat grains provides much of their readily available energy. Synchronizing energy and nitrogen in the rumen is important in optimizing profitability; for this reason, ammonia processing of these grains was evaluated for its potential to modify ruminal fermentation and to improve milk production performance. A mixture of ground triticale and oats (CONG, in a 60:40 ratio 40 by DM) was treated with urea (5 kg/1000 kg) and urease additive (20 kg/1000 kg) containing 200 g/kg of moisture, for 2 wk (UREG). The urea treatment enhanced the pH and CP content of grains by 34% and 52%, respectively. In a batch culture study, CONG or UREG as the only substrate was incubated in a buffered ruminal fluid. Compared to CONG, UREG increased pH, total VFA concentration, total gas, and disappearance of DM, while reducing CH4 production, whereas NH3 concentration increased and entodiniomorph counts tended to increase. In the in vivo study, cows were randomly allocated to two dietary groups (n = 24) and were offered TMR based on maize and grass silage, containing either 155 g/kg of CONG and 80 g/kg of soybean meal (CONT) or 155 g/kg of UREG and 59 g/kg of soybean meal (URET) for 31 d. Ruminal fluid was collected (n = 10) using rumenocentesis. The relative abundances of Streptococcus bovis decreased, but Megasphaera elsdenii, methanogens, and ammonia-producing bacteria increased by URET. Entodiniomorph and holotrich counts were decreased by URET. Feeding with URET increased ruminal pH and concentrations of total VFA, acetate, branched-chain VFA, and NH3. Feeding with URET also increased milk yield. These results demonstrate that replacing untreated triticale and oat grains with urea-treated grains can beneficially modulate ruminal microbiota and fermentation, consequently improving production performance and profitability.

Download Full-text

Influence of reproductive qualities on dairy productivity of cows of the Simmental breed

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202128504005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 285 ◽

pp. 04005

Author(s):

Maria Grinchuk ◽

Yulia Nesterova

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Production Performance ◽

Dry Period ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Service Period ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Different Levels

The aim of work is to explore influence of first fruitful insemination, service period and dry period to dairy productivity of Simmental cows. The research is aimed at studying the milk production of Simmental cows with different levels of reproductive qualities. The result of the research, a relation was established between the age of the first fruitful insemination, the duration of the service period, the duration of the dry period and milk production performance. It has been established that the age of the first fruitful insemination at 18-24 months has the most beneficial effect on subsequent milk production. The service period of 90-120 days has a positive effect to an increase in milk yield per 305 days of lactation, the longer service period negatively affects to the mass fraction of fat. With an increase in the duration of the dry period, the mass fraction of fat increases, but milk yield decreases. The influence of reproductive qualities to the milk protein is negligible. It was revealed that the age of the first insemination at 18-24 months is the most profitable for production. According to the results of the research, it can be judged that reproductive qualities, in combination with other factors, affect the milk productivity of Simmental cows.

Download Full-text

Effect of Natural Chinese Herbal Supplements (TCMF4) on Lactation Performance and Serum Biomarkers in Peripartal Dairy Cows

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.801418 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yizhe Cui ◽

Zhuorui Shan ◽

Lintong Hou ◽

Qiuju Wang ◽

Juan J. Loor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dose Group ◽

Production Performance ◽

High Dose Group ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Lactation Performance

This study examined the effect of mixed medicinal herbs from China in the ground form on milk yield and various blood metabolites before and after parturition in Holstein cows. Crushed Agastache rugosus, Scutellaria barbata, Pericarpium citri reticulate, and Radix glycyrrhizae were used to develop TCMF4. Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group or groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4/cow/d from −7 through 21 d relative to parturition. Blood samples for serum isolation were collected at −7, −1, 1, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition and used to measure glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase. Milk production was recorded daily for the first 21 d postpartum, and composition was analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 d. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. The average milk production during the first 21-d postpartum was 28.7 ± 6.9, 27.2 ± 7.1, 31.2 ± 6.8, and 38.5 ± 6.1 kg/d for control group and groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4. Thus, average daily milk production increased between 9 to 34% by supplementation with TCMF4 compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, in the middle dose group, milk concentrations of lactose and total protein decreased by 21 and 19%, respectively, at d 7 around parturition, while total solids increased by 23% at d 21 in the high-dose group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, serum BHBA decreased by 50 and 20% at d −1 and 21 around parturition in the high-dose group. Overall, TCMF4 supplementation improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of dairy cows during the periparturient period without adverse effects on liver function, and plasma BHBA concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease when dietary TCMF4 increased, which suggested that TCMF4 might be used as potential additives in dairy cows to improve production performance.

Download Full-text