The Effect of Combretum molle Seed Extracts on the Growth of the Mycelial Form of Histoplasma capsulatum Var Farciminosum-an In Vitro Trial

Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are the major nematode pests of economic crops worldwide. Use of conventional nematicides has been one of the most effective methods to reduce their populations. However, the ban on many effective nematicides in recent past has necessitated the search for alternative sources of effective and ecofriendly chemicals for nematode control. The nematicidal potential of fifteen Leguminosae seeds (wild and cultivated) was assessed, in vitro, against juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Each standard aqueous seed extract, 25g/100ml (w/v), was evaluated at dilutions, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:40 at 27+1�C for 24 hours. The majority of seed extracts caused high mortality rates, especially in 1:10 concentration. Trigonella foenum graceum, Sesbania sesban, Albizzia lebbak, Cassia fistula and Pongamia glabra were the most efficacious (above 90% mortality). S. sesban and P. glabra were significantly effective even in the lowest concentration (1:40).

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Study of the antiproliferative potential of seed extracts from Northeastern Brazilian plants

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011005000017 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 1045-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Paulo Michel P. Ferreira ◽

Davi F. Farias ◽

Martônio P. Viana ◽

Terezinha M. Souza ◽

Ilka M. Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Cancer ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Cell Number ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Human Cancer Cells ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Apoptotic Pathways ◽

Seed Extracts

This study assessed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential against tumor lines of ethanolic seed extracts of 21 plant species belonging to different families from Northeastern Brazil. In addition, some underlying mechanisms involved in this cytotoxicity were also investigated. Among the 21 extracts tested, the MTT assay after 72 h of incubation demonstrated that only the ethanolic extract obtained from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds (EEMUS), which has steroids, alkaloids and phenols, showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells, being 2-fold more active on leukemia HL-60 line [IC50 value of 12.5 (9.5-16.7) μg/mL] than on glioblastoma SF-295 [IC50 of 25.1 (17.3-36.3) μg/mL] and Sarcoma 180 cells [IC50 of 38.1 (33.5-43.4) μg/mL]. After 72h exposure, flow cytometric and morphological analyses of HL-60-treated cells showed that EEMUS caused decrease in cell number, volume and viability as well as internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent way, suggesting that the EEMUS triggers apoptotic pathways of cell death.

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Comparison of the Echinocandin Caspofungin with Amphotericin B for Treatment of Histoplasmosis following Pulmonary Challenge in a Murine Model

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.44.7.1850-1854.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 1850-1854 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Steve Kohler ◽

L. Joseph Wheat ◽

Patricia Connolly ◽

Carol Schnizlein-Bick ◽

Michelle Durkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

National Committee ◽

Slight Effect ◽

Fungal Burden ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Twenty clinical isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum were tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to caspofungin in comparison to those to amphotericin B by following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for yeasts. The mean MICs were 16.6 μg/ml (range, 8 to 32 μg/ml) for caspofungin and 0.56 μg/ml (range, 0.5 to 1.0 μg/ml) for amphotericin B. Survival experiments used a 105 dose in a pulmonary challenge model with B6C3F1 mice. All mice that received amphotericin B at 2 mg/kg of body weight every other day (q.o.d.), 30% of mice that received caspofungin at 8 mg/kg/day, and 20% of mice that received caspofungin at 4 mg/kg/day survived to day 15, while mice that received caspofungin at 2 mg/kg/day and all control mice that received the vehicle died by day 14. Amphotericin B at 2 mg/kg q.o.d. markedly reduced the fungal burden in the lungs and spleens, as measured byHistoplasma antigen detection techniques and quantitative cultures, for each comparison. Caspofungin at 10 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.) did not reduce the fungal burden, as measured by antigen detection techniques, but slightly reduced the levels of fungi in both the lungs and spleens, as determined by quantitative cultures. Caspofungin at 5 mg/kg b.i.d. did not affect fungal burden. Overall, caspofungin had only a slight effect on survival or fungal burden.

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EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS LANATUS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.16708 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Iswariya S. ◽

Uma T. S.

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Seed Extracts

Objective: The present study was designed to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and its antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and methanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus.Methods: The phytochemical screening of both the aqueous and methanolic seed extract was carried out qualitatively to identify the major Phyto-constituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogenic bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C. lanatus seed extracts was evaluated by using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation method.Results: The results of the study indicated that both the extracts of the seed having antimicrobial activity, while the methanolic extract showed more significant activity against the tested organism than aqueous extract. Methanol extract had the lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, whereas in aqueous extract was highly sensitive to Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC of 3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extracts exerted comparative higher anti-inflammatory activity than aqueous extract.Conclusion: Present study provides a firm evidence to support that the synergistic effect of C. lanatus seed extracts having potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property, which might serve as an effective drug for various microbial infections and inflammatory disorders.

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In vitro antioxidant and antidiarrheal activities of aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Cucurbita maxima seed in castor oil-induced diarrheal rats

10.53365/nrfhh/144728 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Habibu Tijjani ◽

Adamu Matinja ◽

Marwanatu Yahya ◽

Emmanuel Aondofa ◽

Akibu Sani

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Cucurbita Maxima ◽

Seed Extracts

Diarrhea is a common health complaint occurring with mild, temporary conditions to a potentially life-threatening condition. Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitaceae) seed is reportedly used traditionally for the treatment of diarrheal and thus this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidants, total tannins, phenolics contents, and antidiarrheal potentials of n-hexane and aqueous C. maxima seed extracts in castor oil induced diarrheal rats. The n-hexane extract mainly contains oils while the aqueous extract was thick, brown solid. The aqueous and n-hexane seed extract of C. maxima expressed significant 2,2, diphenyl-1-picrythdrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities at 6.25 – 1000 mg/mL with IC50 values of 104.01 mg/mL, 29.27 mg/mL and 26.78 mg/mL for n-hexane, aqueous and vitamin C respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the n-hexane and aqueous seed extract of C. maxima were significantly lower at higher concentrations compared with that of vitamin C. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacities of n-hexane (22.08mg/mL) and aqueous seed extract (11.03 mg/mL) of C. maxima were found to be higher than that of vitamin C (134.46 mg/mL). The aqueous extracts (658.33±380.08 mg QE/g) total tannins were not significantly different from the n-hexane extract (468.33±102.55 mg QE/g) while the n-hexane extract contains significantly higher total phenolics (2.93±1.25 mg GAE/g) compared with the aqueous extract (0.19±0.04 mg GAE/g). Percentage inhibition of stooling was found to be 57±22%, 41±16%, and 46±11% for loperamide, n-hexane, and aqueous respectively. The study concludes that aqueous and n-hexane seed extracts of C. maxima (pumpkin) possess in vitro antioxidant activities and antidiarrheal properties.

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Phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant studies of Daucus carota L. seed extracts

10.3390/ecmc2019-06278 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Habibu Tijjani ◽

Abubakar Mohammed ◽

Adegbenro Adegunloye

Keyword(s):

Daucus Carota ◽

Seed Extracts

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In vitro health beneficial activities of Pumpkin seeds from Cucurbita moschata cultivated in Lemnos

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs.v4i2.282 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Danai Sakka ◽

Haralabos C. Karantonis

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

Pumpkin Seed ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Pumpkin Seeds ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Locally Grown ◽

Seed Extracts

Pumpkin seeds are commonly consumed in Greece. Although Cucurbita moschata is locally grown in Lemnos and is traditionally used in pumpkin pies, the seeds are currently discarded after consumption of the fruit flesh. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nutritional functionality of pumpkin seeds from Cucurbita moschata grown in Lemnos.Cucurbita moschatas’ seeds, raw or roasted, were appropriately extracted and the results are presented for raw versus (vs) roasted seed extracts. The phenolic content was expressed as μg gallic acid/g of seeds according to Folin-Ciocalteau assay (370.3 ± 19.1 vs 551.0 ± 22.0). Antioxidant capacity was expressed as equivalent amount for 50% scavenging in mg of seeds for DPPH (50.03 ± 5.91 vs 25.82 ± 6.77) and ABTS (17.85 ± 0.77 vs 12.77 ± 0.76) assays, and as μmol of trolox/g of seeds for FRAP (1.19 ± 0.05 vs 2.50 ± 0.23) and CUPRAC (2.13 ±0.11 vs 3.25 ± 0.06) assays. Anti-inflammatory/anti-thrombotic and anti-diabetic activities were expressed as mg of seeds for 50% inhibition of platelet activating factor (0.62 vs 0.15) and as μg of seeds for 25% inhibition of alpha-glycosidase (40.0 vs 61.0) activities respectively. Moreover, anti-atherogenic activity was expressed as the % increase in lag time of human plasma oxidation (62.7 versus 163.2)Raw and roasted pumpkin seed extracts exert anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic/anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and antidiabetic activities. Cucurbita moschata seeds may represent a novel opportunity for development of functional foods, with a local interest in Lemnos that would contribute also to the regional public health improvement.

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Enhancing the enzymatic browning inhibition capacity of Moringa oleifera seed extract via the Maillard reaction

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.103.20065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (103) ◽

pp. 18518-18532

Author(s):

Norah Vhangani Lusani ◽

◽

L Mogashoa ◽

J Van Wyk

Keyword(s):

Maillard Reaction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Model Systems ◽

Enzymatic Browning ◽

Brown Pigment ◽

Pigment Formation ◽

Browning Inhibition ◽

Seed Extracts

The antioxidant and anti-browning activity of heated plant extracts have been attributed to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) via the Maillard reaction (MR). The inhibitory effect of heated Moringa oleifera (MO) seed extract on banana polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was investigated. The Plain MO seed extracts and those with added glucose and glycine (1.5 mM each) were heated at 100°C for 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. The pH and brown colour development decreased and increased significantly (P <0.05) with increased reaction time, respectively, with heated moringa glucose-glycine HMGGL for 120 min exhibiting the highest pH reduction (2.58) and darkest extracts at an L* value of 8.11. This phenomenon is associated with progression of the MR. With reference to enzymatic browning, heated MO seed extracts exhibited stronger inhibitory effect against banana PPO activity in vivo and in vitro than the unheated counterpart. Evident to this are the higher inhibition percentages and lower ΔE values. Among model systems, the highest in vitro browning inhibition was exhibited mostly by longer heating times of 60 and 120 min. Model system HMGGL 120 min proved to be superior at 96% inhibition, which was comparable to known synthetic commercial antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA) at 99%, as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA), both at 100% inhibition. In vivo enzymatic browning inhibition followed a similar trend, where the brown pigment (melanin) intensified as shown by an increase in ΔE as the storage time increased from 0.5 to 24 h. The model system UMGGL exhibited highest inhibition of brown melanin (p <0.05). Although it was the best amongst other model systems, it was surpassed by synthetic antioxidants AA, EDTA and CA, which were ranked amongst the top three in inhibiting brown pigment formation in vivo. To further illustrate the effect of MR augmented MO seed extracts on enzyme activity inhibition, UMGGL 60 and 120 at 5 and 24 h storage surpassed the inhibitory effect of AA. At the said storage times, AA lost its inhibitory potential against pigment formation. This was due to oxidation of AA to form dehydroascorbic acid, which lacks inhibitory potential. This study proved that heating MO plant extracts increases their enzymatic browning inhibition potential, furthermore, the inhibitory capacity was heightened when reacted via the MR.

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