Genotyping of Tropical Bed Bugs, Cimex hemipterus F. from Selected Urban Area in Malaysia Inferred from Microsatellite Marker (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid ◽  
Kai Loon Kee
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Marker ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Ultrastructural Characterization of Bed Bugs in the Southwest of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Bahrami ◽  
Ismaeil Alizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Pazhoom ◽  
Susan Cork ◽  
Chukwunonso O.Nzelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Disparity Index

Abstract Background: Bed bugs belong systematically to Order Hemiptera; Suborder Heteroptera; Family Cimicidae are of public health importance as ectoparasites of mammals and birds, however, only a few species are the putative ectoparasites of humans. Bed bugs are a wingless bloodsucking hemipterous bug (Cimex spp.) sometimes infesting houses and especially beds and feeding on human blood. Correct species identification is very important in order to design targeted strategies for surveillance and control of bed bugs in a given area. Methods: Adult bed bugs were collected from houses located in the southwest of Iran. The specimens were morphologically identified to the species level and then confirmed using molecular methods. Results: The mtDNA 16S rRNA sequences obtained from the specimens, and phylogenetic tree derived, showed that all the sequences belong to Cimex hemipterus. The Disparity Index among results showed that all the specimens were of a heterogeneous population. To the best of our knowledge, the leg structure of this species has not previously been documented and this is the first report of an open-closed rack system in the legs of C. hemipterus.Conclusions: Previous studies claimed that C. lectularius is the abundant species of Cimicids in Iran. But this investigation showed that C. hemipterus is the prevalent species in the southwest of Iran.

scholarly journals Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Costa Rica: First Case Report Confirmed by Molecular Methods in Central America

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Cambronero-Heinrichs ◽  
Laura Sofía Sánchez-Portilla ◽  
Ólger Calderón-Arguedas ◽  
Adriana Troyo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus are the most common species of bedbugs that infest homes. Although case reports decreased substantially by the end of the 20th century, bed bugs, and especially C. lectularius, are currently suffering a resurgence mostly attributed to insecticide resistance, inadequate pest control, and increased travel. Here, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first molecular confirmation of C. lectularius in Central America. Specimens were obtained from an apartment located in Heredia, Costa Rica. These specimens were identified morphologically as C. lectularius. The species identification was confirmed by amplifying and sequencing fragments of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the 16S rRNA (16S) genes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences obtained were more closely related to a C. lectularius mitochondrial complete genome sequence from China, with similarities of 98.84% (686/694) for COI and 98.97% (387/391) for 16S. The finding of C. lectularius in Costa Rica will require further investigation in order to determine the extent of current infestations and the susceptibility to insecticides, especially due to the impact that this species can have in human health, as well as the tourism industry in the region.

Performance of Commercial Insecticide Formulations Against Different Developmental Stages of Insecticide-Resistant Tropical Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yeng Leong ◽  
Dae-Yun Kim ◽  
Kai Dang ◽  
G Veera Singham ◽  
Stephen L Doggett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract This study examined the presence of insecticide resistance in different developmental stages (adults, first instars, and eggs) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) using several insecticide formulations. Adults and first instars of five strains (Queensland, Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Mertajam, Saujana, and Krystal Point) were evaluated using the surface contact method and compared with a susceptible strain (Monheim) of the common bed bug Cimex lectularius L. The insecticide formulations were used at their label rates in this study: Tandem (thiamethoxam [11.6%], lambda-cyhalothrin [3.5%]) at 183.96 mg/m2; Temprid SC (imidacloprid [21%], beta-cyfluthrin [10.5%]) at 106.13 mg/m2; Sumithion 20CS (fenitrothion [20%]) at 250 mg/m2; Pesguard FG161 (d-tetramethrin [4.4%], cyphenothrin [13.2%]) at 110 mg/m2; and Sumithrin 10SEC (d-phenothrin [10%]) at 100 mg/m2. Results showed a very high level of resistance to Pesguard FG161 (388.3 to >605.0 times) and Sumithrin (302.9 to >365.5 times) in all adults of the strains tested, whereas low to high levels of resistance were registered for Tandem (1.4–4.7 times), Temprid (7.3–16.7 times), and Sumithion (1.2–14.6 times) for adults of all bed bug strains. For first instars, resistance to the former two formulations were high to very high (31.4–118.1 times). In contrast, they showed lower resistance to Tandem, Temprid, and Sumithion (1.0–10.2 times). An immersion method used to test on bed bug eggs found high to very high resistance toward all tested formulations. Results demonstrate that the resistance level varies between bed bug developmental stages.

scholarly journals Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Ingested Hydroprene and Methoprene on Development and Fecundity of the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206
Author(s):  
Angela Sierras ◽  
Coby Schal
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Hormone Analog ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract In the last two decades, bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and Cimex hemipterus F.) have become perennial and difficult to control indoor pests. Current pest control options are severely constrained by high prevalence of insecticide resistance and availability and relatively high costs of alternative interventions. Among various measures to counter the drawbacks of insecticide resistance include efforts to diversify the modes of action of insecticides with residual applications of combinations of insecticides, which include a juvenile hormone analog (JHA). JHAs, such as hydroprene and methoprene, have a desirable safety profile and are effective against a variety of indoor pests. We evaluated the potential of hydroprene and methoprene to be incorporated into an ingestible bait, with dose–response studies on fifth-instar male and female bed bugs. Females were more susceptible than males to both JHAs, and methoprene was more effective by ingestion than hydroprene at inducing both lethal and sublethal effects. Ingestion of ≥10 µg/ml blood of either JHA by last instar nymphs reduced oviposition; untreated females that mated with males exposed to high concentrations of either JHA also exhibited lower oviposition. We suggest that methoprene could be incorporated into integrated pest management programs in liquid baits and residual sprays in combination with other active ingredients.

Recent Detection of Multiple Populations of the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Exhibiting kdr-Associated Mutations in Hawaii

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari D Lewis ◽  
Brenna A Levine ◽  
Edward L Vargo ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
Warren Booth
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Knockdown Resistance ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
The Common

Abstract In recent years, bed bugs have experienced a remarkable resurgence on a near global scale. While reports have primarily focused on the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.), which has resurged largely in temperate regions, in tropical regions the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), has reemerged as well. Recent reports of C. hemipterus introductions to subtropical and temperate regions, outside of the species natural distribution, suggest the potential for establishment and further spread. Establishment may be aided by insecticide resistance mechanisms, such as the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr)-associated mutations, which potentially confer resistance to pyrethroid, pyrethrin, and organochloride insecticides. Here, we present the first report of the detection and likely establishment of C. hemipterus in Honolulu, Hawaii, from samples collected in 2009 and 2019. Furthermore, through partial sequencing of the voltage-gated sodium channel, we report the presence of kdr-associated mutations in all samples. These findings have implications for the implementation of control strategies aimed at eradicating infestations.

scholarly journals Fecundity, Survival and Susceptibility of Bedbugs (Cimex Hemipterus), Exposed to Selected Classes of Insecticides: A Short Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY Aigbiremo OBOH ◽  
Taiye Shade Olusegun-Joseph ◽  
Adedayo Michael Awoniyi ◽  
Maureen Ihinosen Ileaboya ◽  
Bukola Tawakalitu Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus, is a nocturnal obligate blood-sucking ecto-parasite of humans that is highly prevalent in Nigeria. Bed bug control heavily relies on the application of several insecticides-based formulations. Insecticide resistance in bed bug populations has been widely reported. Here, we assessed the mortality and fecundity of bed bugs following exposure to different classes of insecticides. Methods: Bed bugs were collected from students’ halls of resident and exposed to DDT (4%), permethrin (0.75), bendiocarb (0.1) and malathion (4%) insecticide-impregnated papers. Mortality and number of eggs laid by each exposed groups were recorded at 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Results: The relative numbers of eggs produced by bedbugs in the DDT, bendiocarb and malathion assays were lower than what was observed in the control 24 hours after exposure. The highest reduction in egg production was observed in the malathion exposed-group compared to the other insecticides and the control group. The impact of the different assays on bugs mortality revealed DDT to produce a time-dependent outcome with the highest death rate (36.7%) recorded 24 hours’ post-exposure. In contrast, malathion and bendiocarb impacted the most mortality (53.3% and 46.6%) after 72 hours. Conclusion: This study revealed an occurrence of suspected insecticide resistance to all classes of insecticide used in bed bug populations in Lagos State, Nigeria.

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