Energy Requirements and Performance of Different Soil Tillage Systems on the Yield of Maize Crop

How do you manage to achieve optimal conditions for growth and development of plants, which can only be achieved through the diversification of soil tillages and and executing their correctness. Moisture and nutritive stress during crop growing, symptoms of nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency are very common in plants grown on compacted land, so production can be significantly reduced.The experiment realized at A.R.D.S. Turda is focused about the influence of the soil cultivation system (conventional and minimum tillage), fertilizer and agricultural year on the soil humidity and yield at maize. In the minimum tillage system the water accumulates in the soil harder but it loses more slowly but comparative with the classic system when accumulates in easier but is lost more quickly. The two years taken into study, 2015 and 2016, were favorable for the realization of corn production so there were yields of over 7000 kg/ha.

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AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine ◽

10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M. Novokhatskyi ◽

◽

V. Targonya ◽

T. Babinets ◽

O. Gorodetskyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Biological Productivity ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Application Rates ◽

Tillage System ◽

Biological Yield ◽

The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

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The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1276

Author(s):

Vaida Steponavičienė ◽

Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽

Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽

Lina Skinulienė ◽

Vaclovas Bogužas

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Plant Residues ◽

No Tillage ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

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Conventional and Conservation Seedbed Preparation Systems for Wheat Planting in Silty-Clay Soil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6506

Author(s):

Roberto Fanigliulo ◽

Daniele Pochi ◽

Pieranna Servadio

Keyword(s):

Clay Soil ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Field Tests ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Wide Range ◽

Seedbed Preparation ◽

Silty Clay Soil

Conventional seedbed preparation is based on deep ploughing followed by lighter and finer secondary tillage of the superficial layer, normally performed by machines powered by the tractor’s Power Take-Off (PTO), which prepares the seedbed in a single pass. Conservation methods are based on a wide range of interventions, such as minimum or no-tillage, by means of machines with passive action working tools which require two or more passes The aim of this study was to assess both the power-energy requirements of conventional (power harrows and rotary tillers with different working width) and conservation implements (disks harrow and combined cultivator) and the soil tillage quality parameters, with reference to the capability of preparing an optimal seedbed for wheat planting. Field tests were carried out on flat, silty-clay soil, using instrumented tractors. The test results showed significant differences among the operative performances of the two typologies of machines powered by the tractor’s PTO: the fuel consumption, the power and the energy requirements of the rotary tillers are strongly higher than power harrows. However, the results also showed a decrease of these parameters proceeding from conventional to more conservation tillage implements. The better quality of seedbed was provided by the rotary tillers.

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Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/s0167-1987(98)00197-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 115-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Maria Stenberg ◽

Helena Aronsson ◽

Börje Lindén ◽

Tomas Rydberg ◽

Arne Gustafson

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Catch Crop ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Leaching Losses

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Winter wheat and soybean zinc uptake in different soil tillage systems

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.37.2009.2.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 305-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Stipesevic ◽

D. Jug ◽

I. Jug ◽

M. Tolimir ◽

M. Cvijovic

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Zinc Uptake ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems

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EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT RESIDUE ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF AN OXISOL UNDER SIMULATED RAIN

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/01000683rbcs20150187 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 268-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elói Panachuki ◽

Ildegardis Bertol ◽

Teodorico Alves Sobrinho ◽

Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira ◽

Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Plant Residue ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Roughness Index ◽

Simulated Rain

Surface roughness of the soil is formed by mechanical tillage and is also influenced by the kind and amount of plant residue, among other factors. Its persistence over time mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of rain and soil type. However, few studies have been developed to evaluate these factors in Latossolos (Oxisols). In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil tillage and of amounts of plant residue on surface roughness of an Oxisol under simulated rain. Treatments consisted of the combination of the tillage systems of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) with rates of plant residue of 0, 1, and 2 Mg ha-1 of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) and 0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1 of maize (Zea mays L.). Seven simulated rains were applied on each experimental plot, with intensity of 60±2 mm h-1 and duration of 1 h at weekly intervals. The values of the random roughness index ranged from 2.94 to 17.71 mm in oats, and from 5.91 to 20.37 mm in maize, showing that CT and MT are effective in increasing soil surface roughness. It was seen that soil tillage operations carried out with the chisel plow and the leveling disk harrow are more effective in increasing soil roughness than those carried out with the heavy disk harrow and leveling disk harrow. The roughness index of the soil surface decreases exponentially with the increase in the rainfall volume applied under conditions of no tillage without soil cover, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage. The oat and maize crop residue present on the soil surface is effective in maintaining the roughness of the soil surface under no-tillage.

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Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 325-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Luis Fernando Chavez ◽

Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽

Cimélio Bayer ◽

Newton Junior La Scala ◽

Luisa Fernanda Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Pore Space ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Static System ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Dynamic Chamber

Agricultural soils can act as a source or sink of atmospheric C, according to the soil management. This long-term experiment (22 years) was evaluated during 30 days in autumn, to quantify the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage-CT and no-till-NT) on the soil CO2-C flux in a Rhodic Hapludox in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. A closed-dynamic system (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) and a static system (alkali absorption) were used to measure soil CO2-C flux immediately after soybean harvest. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously with CO2-C flux, by Licor-6400 soil temperature probe and manual TDR, respectively. During the entire month, a CO2-C emission of less than 30 % of the C input through soybean crop residues was estimated. In the mean of a 30 day period, the CO2-C flux in NT soil was similar to CT, independent of the chamber type used for measurements. Differences in tillage systems with dynamic chamber were verified only in short term (daily evaluation), where NT had higher CO2-C flux than CT at the beginning of the evaluation period and lower flux at the end. The dynamic chamber was more efficient than the static chamber in capturing variations in CO2-C flux as a function of abiotic factors. In this chamber, the soil temperature and the water-filled pore space (WFPS), in the NT soil, explained 83 and 62 % of CO2-C flux, respectively. The Q10 factor, which evaluates CO2-C flux dependence on soil temperature, was estimated as 3.93, suggesting a high sensitivity of the biological activity to changes in soil temperature during fall season. The CO2-C flux measured in a closed dynamic chamber was correlated with the static alkali adsorption chamber only in the NT system, although the values were underestimated in comparison to the other, particularly in the case of high flux values. At low soil temperature and WFPS conditions, soil tillage caused a limited increase in soil CO2-C flux.

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Forms of phosphorus in an oxisol under different soil tillage systems and cover plants in rotation with maize

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000300029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 972-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽

Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante ◽

Zayra Azeredo do Prado Almondes ◽

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Organic P ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Spontaneous Vegetation ◽

Labile P

Phosphorus fractions play a key role in sustaining the productivity of acid-savanna Oxisols and are influenced by tillage practices. The aim of this study was to quantify different P forms in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo) from the central savanna region of Brazil under management systems with cover crops in maize rotation. Three cover crops (Canavalia brasiliensis, Cajanus cajan (L.), and Raphanus sativus L.) were investigated in maize rotation systems. These cover crops were compared to spontaneous vegetation. The inorganic forms NaHCO3-iP and NaOH-iP represented more than half of the total P in the samples collected at the depth of 5-10 cm during the rainy season when the maize was grown. The concentration of inorganic P of greater availability (NaHCO3-iP and NaOH-iP) was higher in the soil under no-tillage at the depth of 5-10 cm during the rainy season. Concentrations of organic P were higher during the dry season, when the cover crops were grown. At the dry season, organic P constituted 70 % of the labile P in the soil planted to C. cajan under no-tillage. The cover crops were able to maintain larger fractions of P available to the maize, resulting in reduced P losses to the unavailable pools, mainly in no-tillage systems.

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Influence of soil tillage and weed suppression on winter wheat yield

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1102111m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 111-119

Author(s):

Branimir Mikic ◽

Bojan Stipesevic ◽

Emilija Raspudic ◽

Georg Drezner ◽

Bojana Brozovic

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Half Dose ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

High Yields

Modern soil tillage systems based on different tools than mouldboard plough have very often stronger weed occurrence, which can be a serious problem for achieving high yields. An obvious solution for weed suppression is a herbicide, whose improper use can deteriorate environment and lead toward serious ecological problems. In order to investigate the interaction between soil tillage and herbicide, trial was set up in Valpovo in seasons 2008/09 - 2010/11. Two soil tillage systems (CT-conventional tillage, based on mouldboard ploughing, and CH-chiselling and disk harrowing, without ploughing) and five herbicide treatments (NH-control, no herbicides; H10- recommended dose of Herbaflex (2 l ha-1); H05-half dose of Herbaflex; F10- recommended dose of Fox (1.5 l ha-1); and F05-half dose of Fox) were applied to winter wheat crops. Results showed similar effects of soil tillage on the winter wheat yield, whereas different herbicide dosages showed similar weed suppression and influence on winter wheat yield.

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