Changes in body weight and blood profiles following long-distance and long-time transportation in Japanese Black heifers

Bees are presumed to have arisen in the early to mid-Cretaceous coincident with the fragmentation of the southern continents and concurrently with the early diversification of the flowering plants. Among the main groups of bees, Andreninae sensu lato comprise about 3000 species widely distributed with greatest and disjunct diversity in arid areas of North America, South America, and the Palearctic region. Here, we present the first comprehensive dated phylogeny and historical biogeographic analysis for andrenine bees, including representatives of all currently recognized tribes. Our analyses rely on a dataset of 106 taxa and 7952 aligned nucleotide positions from one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci. Andreninae is strongly supported as a monophyletic group and the recovered phylogeny corroborates the commonly recognized clades for the group. Thus, we propose a revised tribal classification that is congruent with our phylogenetic results. The time-calibrated phylogeny and ancestral range reconstructions of Andreninae reveal a fascinating evolutionary history with Gondwana patterns that are unlike those observed in other subfamilies of bees. Andreninae arose in South America during the Late Cretaceous around 90 Million years ago (Ma) and the origin of tribes occurred through a relatively long time-window from this age to the Miocene. The early evolution of the main lineages took place in South America until the beginning of Paleocene with North American fauna origin from it and Palearctic from North America as results of multiple lineage interchanges between these areas by long-distance dispersal or hopping through landmass chains. Overall, our analyses provide strong evidence of amphitropical distributional pattern currently observed in Andreninae in the American continent as result at least three periods of possible land connections between the two American landmasses, much prior to the Panama Isthmus closure. The andrenine lineages reached the Palearctic region through four dispersal events from North America during the Eocene, late Oligocene and early Miocene, most probably via the Thulean Bridge. The few lineages with Afrotropical distribution likely originated from a Palearctic ancestral in the Miocene around 10 Ma when these regions were contiguous, and the Sahara Desert was mostly vegetated making feasible the passage by several organisms. Incursions of andrenine bees to North America and then onto the Old World are chronological congruent with distinct periods when open-vegetation habitats were available for trans-continental dispersal and at the times when aridification and temperature decline offered favorable circumstances for bee diversification.

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Fluid retention after oral loading with water or saline in camels

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.5.r915 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (5) ◽

pp. R915-R920 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Benlamlih ◽

K. Dahlborn ◽

R. Z. Filali ◽

J. Hossaini-Hilali

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

The Body ◽

Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽

Excess Water ◽

Saline Loading ◽

Long Time

When dehydrated camels are offered water they drink volumes of water exceeding their body water loss during the water deprivation period. The excess water is excreted during 2-4 days. To investigate the ability to retain fluid in the body, normohydrated camels were loaded with water or isotonic saline (0.1 l/kg body wt) by esophageal tube. After water loading plasma osmolality decreased and a water diuresis was seen, but it took 3 days until the body weight returned to prehydration level. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) increased, but plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration did not change. After the saline loading plasma osmolality increased and total plasma proteins and hematocrit decreased. Renal Na excretion increased 4 h after the saline load, but the magnitude of the natriuresis was small, and the camels had not regained their body weight 6 days after the load. PAC and PRA decreased after saline loading, while plasma ANP concentration did not change. These data show that camels are able to retain excess water within the body and to tolerate blood hyposmolality for a relatively long time. With saline the retention of fluid lasts even longer despite an attenuation of PAC.

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Identification of Metabolite and Lipid Profiles in a Segregating Peach Population Associated with Mealiness in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10040154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Victoria Lillo-Carmona ◽

Alonso Espinoza ◽

Karin Rothkegel ◽

Miguel Rubilar ◽

Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Early Stage ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Long Distance ◽

Physiological Disorder ◽

Export Markets ◽

Long Time

The peach is the third most important temperate fruit crop considering fruit production and harvested area in the world. Exporting peaches represents a challenge due to the long-distance nature of export markets. This requires fruit to be placed in cold storage for a long time, which can induce a physiological disorder known as chilling injury (CI). The main symptom of CI is mealiness, which is perceived as non-juicy fruit by consumers. The purpose of this work was to identify and compare the metabolite and lipid profiles between two siblings from contrasting populations for juice content, at harvest and after 30 days at 0 °C. A total of 119 metabolites and 189 lipids were identified, which showed significant differences in abundance, mainly in amino acids, sugars and lipids. Metabolites displaying significant changes from the E1 to E3 stages corresponded to lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and sugars such as fructose 1 and 1-fructose-6 phosphate. These metabolites might be used as early stage biomarkers associated with mealiness at harvest and after cold storage.

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Comparison of Blood Profiles of γ-Oryzanol and Ferulic Acid in Rats after Oral Intake of γ-Oryzanol

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051174 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Takumi Kokumai ◽

Junya Ito ◽

Eri Kobayashi ◽

Naoki Shimizu ◽

Hiroyuki Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Equimolar Amount ◽

The Body ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Absorption Profile ◽

Single Oral Administration ◽

Blood Profiles

γ-Oryzanol (OZ), a bioactive phytochemical abundant in cereals such as rice, has been reported to be mainly hydrolyzed to ferulic acid (FA) in the body. Meanwhile, in our previous study, we revealed that a part of OZ is absorbed into the body and exists in its intact form. However, the comprehensive absorption profile of OZ and its metabolites (e.g., FA) after OZ intake has not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we measured the concentrations of OZ, FA, and FA conjugates (i.e., FA sulfate and glucuronide) in the blood of rats with the use of HPLC-MS/MS after a single oral administration of 300 µmol/kg body weight of rice bran OZ (RBOZ). As a result, intact OZ along with FA and FA conjugates existed in the blood, which implied that these constituents may all contribute to the physiological effects under OZ intake. Additionally, when an equimolar amount of FA (300 µmol/kg body weight) was administered, it was found that the absorption profile of FA was significantly different from that when RBOZ was administered.

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Airborne Integrated Navigation System Based on SINS/GPS/TAN/EOAN

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/3218942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Junjun Tang ◽

Peijuan Li

Keyword(s):

High Precision ◽

Navigation System ◽

Integrated Navigation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Integrated Navigation System ◽

Long Time ◽

Federated Kalman Filter ◽

Entropy Weighted ◽

Navigation Errors ◽

Navigation Information

Considering the drawbacks that GPS signal is susceptible to obstacles and TAN becomes useless in some area when without any terrain data or with a featureless terrain field, to realize long-distance and high-precision navigation, a navigation system based on SINS/GPS/TAN/EOAN is presented. When GPS signal is available, GPS is used to correct errors of SINS; when GPS is unavailable, a terrain selection method based on the entropy weighted gray relational decision-making method is use to distinguish terrain into matchable areas and unmatchable areas; then, for the matchable areas, TAN is used to correct errors of SINS, for the unmatchable areas, EOAN is used to correct errors of SINS. The principles of SINS, GPS, TAN, and EOAN are analyzed, the mathematic models of SINS/GPS, SINS/TAN, and SINS/EOAN are constructed, and finally the federated Kalman filter is used to fuse navigation information. Simulation results show that the trajectory of SINS/GPS/TAN/EOAN is close to the ideal one in both matchable area or unmatchable area and whose navigation errors are obviously reduced, which is important for the realization of long-time and high-precision positioning.

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Effect of different transportation period on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical stress responses of sheep

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.45.2.115-123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

L. Lendrawati ◽

R. Priyanto ◽

A. Jayanegara ◽

W. Manalu ◽

D. Desrial

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Good Condition ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Well Being ◽

Water Access ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Normal Range ◽

Blood Profiles

The study was conducted to evaluate the duration of road transportation during 4, 8 and 12 hours on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical responses of sheep. Twenty-four male Javanese thin tailed sheep were separated into transported group (T4, T8 and T12) and non-transported group (NT4, NT8 and NT12). Transportation (T) groups were transported for 4, 8 and 12 h in the same open pick up with 0.28 m2/head of loading density. Body weight, haematological and biochemical blood profiles were determined. The results showed that increasing of transportation duration significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight loss and decreased (P<0.05) hematocrit, cortisol and glucose values in the blood. However, these values were in the normal range of sheep well-being. In conclusion, transported healthy Javanese thin tailed sheep under good condition without feed and water access up to 12 h can tolerate to adverse effect of transportation without disturbing their welfare.

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