scholarly journals Nasal septal body and inferior turbinate sizes differ in subjects grouped by sex and age

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
T. San ◽  
N.B. Muluk ◽  
S. Saylisoy ◽  
M. Acar ◽  
C. Cingi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Nasal Physiology ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
The Right

Objectives: To compare the size of the nasal septal body (SB) and inferior turbinate (IT) of subjects grouped by sex and age. Method: We measured SB and IT areas (in cm2) bilaterally in computed tomography (CT) sections of 150 para nasal sinuses from 72 males and 78 females. Results: The right and left SB areas were smaller in females than in males. In the s25-year-old group, the right IT (RIT) was significantly smaller in females than in males. In the 26-35 and 46-45 age groups, the right SB (RSB) was significantly smaller in females than in males. Conclusion: The nasal SB may play a role in nasal physiology similar to a turbinate and help support optimal airflow. The vascular and glandular structures of the SB should be investigated in detail, and minimal invasive procedures should be performed in nasal surgery to avoid damaging essential structures.

scholarly journals Cultural adaptation of an olfactory test: the odour in bottle test. [corrected]

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Turhan San ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽  
Suzan Saylisoy ◽  
Mustafa Acar ◽  
Cemal Cingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Olfactory Test ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Nasal Physiology ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
The Right

Objectives: To compare the size of the nasal septal body (SB) and inferior turbinate (IT) of subjects grouped by sex and age. Method: We measured SB and IT areas (in cm2) bilaterally in computed tomography (CT) sections of 150 paranasal sinuses from 72 males and 78 females. Results: The right and left SB areas were smaller in females than in males. In the ≤ 25-year-old group, the right IT (RIT) was significantly smaller in females than in males. In the 26-35 and 46-45 age groups, the right SB (RSB) was significantly smaller in females than in males. Conclusion: The nasal SB may play a role in nasal physiology similar to a turbinate and help support optimal airflow. The vascular and glandular structures of the SB should be investigated in detail, and minimal invasive procedures should be performed in nasal surgery to avoid damaging essential structures.

scholarly journals Anatomical variations of intra-sphenoid sinus septations in a sample of Kashmiri population: a non-contrast computed tomography study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Abdul Haseeb Wani ◽  
Yassar Shiekh ◽  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Zahid Qayoom
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
Kashmiri Population ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Background: The sphenoid sinus shows multitude of variations in pneumatization, size and pattern of septations leading to differences in its segmentation. Pre-operative knowledge of their attachment especially to posterolateral bony walls covering vital structures is of utmost importance for a safe trans-sphenoidal approach for various surgical procedures involving skull base. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) with its ability to provide multiplanar reformations (MPR) with sharp algorithms is now a reference standard for visualization of these intra-sphenoid sinus septations preoperatively. The objective of this study was to determine the number and attachment of intra-sphenoid sinus septations in a Kashmiri population sample.Methods: NCCT head images of 591 patients in the age range of 16 to 75 years were analyzed retrospectively. Individuals with age less than 16 years, previous surgery involving skull base/sphenoid sinus, trauma causing hem sinus/fractures around skull base or having space occupying lesions around skull base/sphenoid sinus were excluded from the study. On the CT workstation multi-planar coronal, sagittal and axial reconstructions were performed and subsequently examined.Results: The age range was 16 to 75 years with mean age of 43.56 years of which 453 (76.6%) were males and 138 (23.4%) were females. Single intra-sphenoid septation was the most common anatomic variant in present study (79.7%) being complete in 71.7% and partial or incomplete in 8% of the examined subjects. Double septa were found in 11% inpresent study and more than 2 septae in 3.4%. After sellar attachment (51%) the next most common site of attachment was to the carotid canal (29.5%) (23% to left ICA and 6.5% to the right ICA).Conclusions: Intricate knowledge about sphenoid sinus, its pneumatization and anatomical variations in intra-sphenoid sinus septations and its relationship with the surrounding vital structures is of utmost importance before performing any endoscopic/open surgery involving skull base via trans-sphenoidal approach. The present study shows that a significant percentage of septal attachment to the carotid canal makes main sphenoidal septum as not so reliable landmark for endoscopic procedures as used to be in the pre-imaging era. Thus, preoperative CT is mandatory to avoid injuries to para-sellar neurovascular and glandular structures.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Study of the Cochlea among Filipinos using High-Resolution Computed Tomography Scans

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Fernando ◽  
Brian Joseph dG. De Jesus ◽  
Alejandro P. Opulencia ◽  
Gil M. Maglalang ◽  
Antoio H. Chua
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objective: To describe the cochlear anatomy among Filipinos through high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging.   Methods: Design: Retrospective Study Setting: Tertiary Private University Hospital Patients: Cochlear images retrospectively obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans of subjects who underwent cranial, facial, paranasal sinus and temporal bone computed tomography from October 2009 to July 2010 were reconstructed and analyzed.   Results: 388 cochlear images were obtained from the scans of 194 subjects (101 males and 93 females, aged 1 to 90 years old, mean = 52 years) and reconstructed for analysis. The mean coiled cochlear height measured 4.36 mm on the right (A.D.) and 4.34 mm on the left (A.S.). Measurement from the oval window to the distal end of the basal turn (equivalent to the horizontal dimension of the cochlea or the mean length of the basal turn) was 7.55 mm A.D. and 7.60 mm A.S. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of right and left cochleas were identical in all subjects (S.D. = 0.35). The right and left cochlear turns were identical in each subject, exhibiting 2 ½ turns in 92.3% of subjects and 2 ¾ turns in 7.7% of subjects.The cochlear dimensions were similar in all subjects, regardless of age. No cochlear ossification or malformation was noted on any CT image.   Conclusion: The 7.55 mm mean length of the cochlear basal turn among Filipinos in this study was 1.24 mm shorter than the average length of the basal turn of 8.81 mm reported elsewhere. Further studies of the cochlear dimensions in specific age groups and its correlation to audiometric status are recommended to determine other significant physiologic correlations.   Keywords: cochlea, cochlear turn, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

scholarly journals Results of 3-D reconstruction in dynamic analysis for determining the bone tissue density of the maxilla in human prenatal ontogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
A.P. Oshurko ◽  
I.Yu. Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Jaw Bones ◽  
Density Factor ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prenatal Ontogenesis

The quality of the bone tissue of the jaw bones is of special significance since it is characterized by the pronounced age dynamics and depends both on the course of the mineralization of the skeleton as a whole, and on the specifics of the mineral content of the bone tissue of the particular jaws. The aim is to find out the peculiarities of bone density (MO Hu) in various anatomical areas of the germs of the human maxillary jaw in the dynamics of prenatal ontogenesis using computed tomography and standardized software i-CATVision. The study has been conducted using macroscopy, morphometry, computed tomography, and statistical analysis. The study of the germs of the maxilla in prenatal ontogenesis confirms the asynchrony of density, which is directly proportional to its mineralization, between the right and left sides, which is most pronounced in the alveolar, malar and palatal ridges. Mineral saturation of bone tissue, which reflects its density (MO Hu), is an interdependent coefficient of ratio to its growth rate (%). Alveolar ridges maintain a stable, non-correlated dynamic growth sequence in all experimental age groups, in the frontal area, with a rate of density increase (%) up to 30 weeks of prenatal ontogenesis. The highest density factor of the malar ridges accounts for the 11–16 weeks of the development of the fetus, in the percentage distribution of mineral saturation among the frontal, palatal and alveolar ridges, more than a third of the total value. This analysis forms the idea of the distribution of micro and macro elements that provide bone density, among the stable morphological structures of the maxilla and enriches knowledge with quantitative morphology and becomes a guide for further research and prenatal diagnostics of fetal development as well. We find it promising to carry out the research on mineral content and density of bone tissue of pathologically altered upper jaws of pre-fetuses, human fetuses, newborns and to study their development under conditions of external factors in ecologically unfavorable regions.

scholarly journals Angioleiomyoma of the inferior turbinate: a rare cause of isolated facial pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. e20-e22
Author(s):  
JNS Heyman ◽  
LM Jones ◽  
JM Hilton ◽  
JS Cooke ◽  
H Viswanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
The Right

We present the case of a 33-year-old man with right-sided facial pain. Clinical examination revealed an isolated mass attached to the right inferior turbinate. This was confirmed with computed tomography. Excision was achieved endoscopically and histology revealed an angioleiomyoma. Full symptomatic relief was achieved after surgical excision. Less than 1% of angioleiomyoma lesions are found within the sinonasal cavity. We describe the first documented presentation of angioleiomyoma as a cause of isolated, unilateral facial pain; a very common presentation to the otorhinolaryngology clinic. We promote consideration of angioleiomyoma as a different diagnosis in the presence of facial pain and a unilateral sinonasal lesion. Endoscopic resection provides complete symptomatic resolution.

Age-Related Pattern and Distribution of Covid-19 on Pulmonary Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Muayad Sultan ◽  
Dhia Mahdey Alghazali ◽  
Haider Al-Tameemi ◽  
Mohammed Abed ◽  
Dhaffer Abdullah Hawiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Right

Background: COVID-19 has emerged recently and become of global concern. Computed tomography (CT) plays a vital role in the diagnosis. Objectives: To characterize the pulmonary CT changes and distributions of COVID-19 infection in regard to different age groups. Methods: Chest CT scan of 104 symptomatic patients with COVID-19 infection, from 7 Iraqi isolation centers were retrospectively analyzed between March 10th and April 5th, 2020. Patients were sub-classified according to their ages to three groups (young adult:20-39years, middle age:40-59years and old age:60- 90years). Results: The most common findings were ground-glass opacities (GGO) (92.3%, followed by consolidation (27.9%), bronchovascular thickening (15.4%), and crazy-paving (12.5%). Less commonly, there were tree-inbud (6.7%), pulmonary nodules (5.8%), bronchiectasis (3.8%), pleural effusion (1.9%), and cavitation (1%). There were no hallo sign, reversed hallo sign, nor mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary changes were unilateral in 16.7% and bilateral in 83.3%, central in 14.6%, peripheral in 57.3%, and diffuse (central and peripheral) in 28.1%. Most cases showed multi-lobar changes (70.8%), while the lower lobe was more commonly involved (17.7%) than middle lobe/lingula (8.3%) and upper lobe (3.1%). In unilateral involvement, changes were more on the right (68.8%) than left (31.2%) side. Compared with middle and old age groups, young adult patients showed significantly lesser frequency of consolidation (17% vs. 13.3% and 37%), diffuse changes 28.1% (14.2% vs. 35.3% and 40.5%), bilateral disease (71.4% vs. 94.1% and 85.2%), and multi-lobar involvement (51.4% vs. 82.4% and 81.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Bilateral and peripheral GGO were the most frequent findings with the right side and lower lobar predilection. Extent and pattern seem to be age-related.

Coronariaeredési anomáliák kardio-CT-vizsgálatok során

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (47) ◽  
pp. 1995-1999
Author(s):  
László Barna ◽  
Zsuzsanna Takács-Szabó ◽  
László Kostyál
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomography ◽  
Left Circumflex Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Sinus Of Valsalva

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Congenitalis coronariaanomáliának tekintik azokat a coronariamorfológiai rendellenességeket, melyek 1%-nál kisebb gyakorisággal fordulnak elő. Többségük nem jár tünettel, olykor azonban okozhatnak mellkasi fájdalmat, eszméletvesztést, és hirtelen halálhoz is vezethetnek. A coronariaanomáliák gyakoriságáról Magyarországon eddig csak invazív koronarográfiás adatok alapján jelent meg közlemény. Célkitűzés: Jelen vizsgálatunkban a coronariák eredési rendellenességeinek gyakoriságát mértük fel intézetünk coronaria-komputertomográfiás angiográfián átesett betegeinél. Módszer: A coronaria-komputertomográfiás vizsgálatra került betegek felvételeinek értékelésekor rögzítettük a coronariaanomália jelenlétét. A vizsgálat indikációja általában mellkasi fájdalom volt. 128 szeletes berendezést használtunk, a vizsgálatok során részben retrospektív, részben prospektív EKG-kapuzást alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: 1751 beteg komputertomográfiás angiográfiás felvételeit elemeztük. A betegek között a férfiak aránya 38,4%, a vizsgálatra kerülők életkorának átlaga pedig 58,07 ± 11,07 év volt. Eredési anomáliát 1,83%-ban találtunk, ezen belül a leggyakoribb volt a körbefutó ág (ramus circumflexus) és az elülső leszálló ág különálló eredése a bal Valsalva-sinusból (1%). A további rendellenességek a következők voltak: a jobb coronaria eredése magasan az aortából (0,34%), ramus circumflexus a jobb sinusból vagy a jobb coronariából (0,34%), jobb coronaria a bal Valsalva-sinusból (0,057%), elülső leszálló ág részben a bal Valsalva-sinusból a circumflexustól külön, részben a jobb coronariából (kettős elülső leszálló ág, 0,057%). Következtetés: Mindössze 0,057%-ban fordult elő potenciálisan tünetet okozó coronariaeredési rendellenesség (a bal sinusból eredő jobb coronaria). A komputertomográfiás angiográfia segítségével a coronariaeredés helye pontosan megállapítható, tisztázható az ér lefutása és ennek során viszonya a környező struktúrákhoz. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(47): 1995–1999. Summary. Introduction: Congenital coronary artery anomaly is defined as a coronary morphology which occurs in less than 1% of the cases. Usually these anomalies do not result in symptoms but sometimes they can cause chest pain, syncope and sudden death. In Hungary, the prevalence of these abnormalities was published only from data of invasive coronary angiography. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of the anomalies of coronary origin in the patients of our institution undergoing coronary computed tomography. Method: While reading the computed tomography angiograms of our patients, we registered the presence of coronary anomalies. In most of the cases, the indication of the coronary computed tomography was chest pain. A scanner with 128 detectors was used, scans were performed partly with prospective, partly with retrospective ECG gating. Results: We assessed 1751 patients. The ratio of males was 38.4%, while the average age of patients 58.07 ± 11.07 years. Anomaly of coronary origin was present in 1.83% of our patients, with the separate origin of left anterior descending and left circumflex artery being the most frequent (1%) among them. Other anomalies were as follows: high take-off of the right coronary artery from the ascending aorta (0.34%), left circumflex arising from the right sinus of Valsalva or from the right coronary (0.34%), right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva (0.057%), left anterior descending arising partly from the left sinus of Valsalva, apart from the left circumflex, partly from the right coronary (dual left anterior descending artery, 0.057%). Conclusion: The prevalence of potentially symptomatic coronary anomalies was only 0.057% in our series (right coronary from the left sinus of Valsalva). The computed tomography angiography can precisely define the origin of the coronary artery, depict its run-off and its relationship to the neighbouring structures. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(47): 1995–1999.

Comparison of the Aditus ad Antrum Diameter on CT between Patients with Chronic Otitis Media and Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Gündoğdu ◽  
Uğur Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Background: The middle ear cavity is ventilated through the aditus ad antrum. Aditus blockage contributes to the pathology of otitis media. Objective: To determine the normal values of the aditus ad antrum diameter on computed tomography and to investigate its relationship with chronic otitis media and related pathologies (tympanosclerosis and myringosclerosis). Methods: The temporal CT images of 162 individuals were evaluated retrospectively. In the axial sections, the inner diameter of the aditus was measured at the narrowest point at the cortex. The differences in diameter were compared between diseased and healthy ears. Results: In healthy individuals, the diameter was narrower in women. There was no difference between the right and left ears in healthy subjects. No correlation was found between age and diameter. In male patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter was slightly narrower on both sides but more marked on the left. In female patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter in both ears was slightly narrower. In cases of otitis media and tympanosclerosis, the diameter was less than that of healthy individuals, despite the lack of statistically significant result in all cases. Conclusion: The aditus ad antrum was narrower in diseased ears, indicating that a blocked aditus may contribute to the development of otitis media, as well as mucosal diseases.

scholarly journals A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed G. Sghaireen ◽  
Kumar Chandan Srivastava ◽  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Kiran Kumar Ganji ◽  
Santosh R. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Group I ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
The Right

A high rate of nerve injury and related consequences are seen during implant placement in the posterior mandibular arch. An approach has been proposed to avoid nerve injury by dodging the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) while placing an implant. A prospective study with a total of 240 CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) images of patients with three dentate statuses, namely, edentulous (group I), partially edentulous (group II) and dentate (group III) were included in the study. The nerve path tracing was done on CBCT images with On-demand 3D software. The three dimensions, i.e., the linear distance from the outer buccal cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (BCPN), linear distance from the outer lingual cortical plate to the inferior alveolar nerve (LCPN) and linear distance from the midpoint of the alveolar crest to the inferior alveolar nerve (ACN) were assessed. The data were presented and analyzed between variables using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test in SPSS version 21.LCPN of the right 1st premolar region (p < 0.05) was significantly different among the groups with edentulous subjects recorded with the minimum value (6.50 ± 1.20 mm). Females were found to have significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 1.46 mm) on the right side of the mandibular jaw compared to males in edentulous group of patients. On comparing age groups for partially edentulous subjects, LCPN of the right 1st premolar region had significantly (p < 0.05) less available bone (6.03 ± 0.38 mm) in subjects with age ≥54 years. The IAN follows a lingual course in the molar region and later flips to the buccal side in the premolar region. The LCPN dimension in the 1st and 2nd premolar region was found to be more than 6 mm irrespective of age, gender and side of the jaw. Thus, it can be considered as a suitable site for placing implants while bypassing the IAN with CBCT assessment remaining as the mainstay in the pre-surgical phase.

Percutaneous Trans-Hepatic Embolization of an Iatrogenic Extra-Hepatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Right Hepatic Artery in a Patient With Previous Occlusion of the Proper Hepatic Artery: An Endovascular Procedure to Avoid a Difficult Surgical Repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 153857442110225
Author(s):  
Giuseppe S. Gallo ◽  
Roberto Miraglia ◽  
Luigi Maruzzelli ◽  
Francesca Crinò ◽  
Christine Cannataci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Proper Hepatic Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Right Hepatic Artery ◽  
Ultrasonographic Guidance ◽  
The Right

We report a case of successful percutaneous transhepatic, embolization of an iatrogenic extra-hepatic pseudoaneurysm (PsA) of the right hepatic artery (RHA) under combined fluoroscopic and ultrasonographic guidance. A 73-year-old man underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage placement in another hospital, complicated by haemobilia and development of a RHA PsA. Endovascular embolization was attempted, resulting in coil embolization of the proper hepatic artery, and persistence of the PsA. At this point, the patient was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and direct angiography confirmed the iatrogenic extra-hepatic PsA of the RHA, refilled by small collaterals from the accessory left hepatic artery (LHA) and coil occlusion of the proper hepatic artery. Attempted selective catheterization of these vessels was unsuccessful due to the tortuosity and very small caliber of the intra-hepatic collaterals, the latter precluding endovascular treatment of the PsA. Percutaneous trans-hepatic combined fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided embolization of the PsA was performed with Lipiodol® and cyanoacrylate-based glue (Glubran®2). Real time fluoroscopic images and computed tomography confirmed complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm. Surgical repair, although feasible, was considered at high risk. In our patient, we decided to perform a percutaneous trans-hepatic combined fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided embolization of the PsA using a mix of Lipiodol® and Glubran®2 because of the fast polymerization time of the glue allowing the complete occlusion of the PsA in few seconds, thus eliminating the risk of coil migration, reducing the risk of PsA rupture and avoid a difficult surgical repair.

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