Evaluation of Fish Farm Effluent Contamination Using Bio-Indicators Based on Macroinvertebrate Communities

The progress of the aquaculture industry in Iran as an environmental and economical maintainable process needs an efficient and low-cost tool for regular checking of adjacent environments. Biological monitoring by macroinvertebrate is operative for assessment of water quality. Sampling operation was carried out to investigate the influence of aquaculture wastewater on macroinvertebrate communities at 4 stations over one year (spring, summer, autum and winter) in the Chehel Chai River. 2040 (19% spring, 18% summer, 25% autumn and 38% winter) macroinvertebrate specimens belonging to 6 orders and 14 families were recognized. The most abundance among the stations belonged to the Diptera and Chironomidae. Two groups of macroinvertebrate assemblages (sensitive to tolerance) and three groups of stations (upstream, outfall and down1 and down2) were identified with Heat map analysis. The study was showed that rainbow trout farm most often significantly increase in the influence of fine particulate organic material (FPOM %), NO3 and PO4. According to HFBI results, organic water pollution at different stations was classified as good (upstream), appropriate, relatively poor and poor (outfall). The combined results of the biomarkers were showed that the outfall station had more organic contamination than its predecessor station (relatively poor water quality) which required more efficient management based on the self-purification capacity of the Chehel Chai River.

Download Full-text

Are the streams of the Sinos River basin of good water quality? Aquatic macroinvertebrates may answer the question

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842010000600010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (4 suppl) ◽

pp. 1207-1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. Bieger ◽

ABP Carvalho ◽

MN Strieder ◽

L. Maltchik ◽

C Stenert

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Working Party ◽

Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽

Biotic Index ◽

Biotic Indices ◽

Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽

Score System ◽

One Year

Macroinvertebrate communities are one of the most used groups in assessments of water quality, since they respond directly to the level of contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The main objective of this study was the assessment of the water quality of the Sinos River basin (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) through biotic indices based on the macroinvertebrate community ("Family Biotic Index - FBI", and "Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System - BMWP"). Three lower order streams (2nd order) were selected in each one of three main regions of the basin. In each stream, the samplings were performed in three reaches (upper, middle, and lower), totalling 27 reaches. Two samplings were carried in each reach over one year (winter and summer). A total of 6,847 macroinvertebrates distributed among 54 families were sampled. The streams from the upper region were of better water quality than the lower region. The water quality did not change between the upper, middle and lower reaches of the streams. However, the upper reaches of the streams were of better water quality in all the regions of the basin. The water quality of the streams did not vary between the summer and the winter. This result demonstrated that water quality may be analysed in both studied seasons (summer and winter) using biotic indices. The analysis of the results allows us to conclude that the biotic indices used reflected the changes related to the water quality along the longitudinal gradient of the basin. Thus, aquatic macroinvertebrates were important bioindicators of the water and environmental quality of the streams of the Sinos River basin.

Download Full-text

Preparation of activated charcoal adsorbent from pitombeira seeds (Talisia esculenta) and its application for Ca2+ ions removal

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2021.256 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. C. Mendonça ◽

L. B. Cantanhede ◽

M. O. A. I. Rojas ◽

J. H. G. Rangel ◽

C. W. B. Bezerra

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Low Cost ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Water Hardness ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Poor Water Quality ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Time Required

Abstract Water quality that the population has access to can undergo a series of changes, contaminations and interferences. The poor water quality may be related to several contaminations sources and can pose a health risk for ecosystem and for people. Calcium ion is a determinant of water hardness, and its excess in the human body can result in a series of complications and diseases such as renal and bladder lithiasis. The seeds of the Pitombeira (Talisia esculenta) were used to produce phosphoric acid activated carbon (PAC). Adsorption studies were conducted by batch technique, and isothermal and kinetic models were systematically used to evaluate the potential of PAC to remove Ca2+ ions from the aqueous media. The adsorbent was characterized using BET surface area (141.6 m2/g), SEM, pHPZC (2,75), Boehm titration, and by content analysis of the moisture and ashes. The time required for the system to equilibrate was only 5 min. According to the kinetics study, the data were the best fit by the pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium sorption data fitted well with the Freundlich's model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 19.05 mg/g, with 90% of Ca2+ ions removal. Therefore, due to its efficiency and low-cost, PAC could be employed as an alternative adsorbent for Ca2+ removal.

Download Full-text

Treatment of wastewater by constructed wetland in small settlements

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0012 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 69-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S.Ç. Ayaz ◽

I. Akca

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Low Cost ◽

Experimental System ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Treatment Performance ◽

Per Capita ◽

One Year

The constructed wetland is a low-cost technology to control environmental pollution. The system is especially suitable for small settlements. An innovative constructed wetland technology is described in this paper. A pilot plant was used to assess the performance of the system. The experimental system consists of two serial connected tanks that settled up with fillers and Cyperus as treatment media. Wastewater is recycled periodically upward and downward between the two tanks. The treatment performance was monitored in different loading conditions in a one-year period. The average COD removal efficiency of 90% was observed at 122 g COD/m2.day average loading conditions. Other average removal values in the same conditions are as follows: suspended solid 95%, TKN 77%, total nitrogen 61%, PO4-P 39%. The land requirement for this system will be 0.82 m2 per capita when applying as full-scale system.

Download Full-text

Problems and practical experiences during refilling of the Kerspe-Talsperre under unfavourable climatic conditions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0126 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 145-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. E. Nienhüser ◽

P. Braches

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Early Summer ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Light Limitation ◽

Raw Water ◽

Artificial Mixing ◽

Poor Water Quality ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Practical Experiences

Refilling of the Kerspe-Talsperre reservoir after restoration of the dam caused severe problems in water quality and supply due to a long-lasting ice-cover period and minimal precipitation. Unusually short spring overturn, high algal mass in spring and certainly the overflooding of the sediment, which had not been removed, caused a tremendous oxygen deficit in early summer. The whole hypolimnion turned anoxic and even in the metalimnion oxygen declined to a minimum. Manganese and iron reached high concentrations. Despite the poor water quality, raw water was urgently needed for the water supply and was pumped from the epilimnion during the clear water phase and in July when algal biomass was low. In the middle of August holomixis was induced artificially in order to improve water quality. The decline in algal production during and after artificial mixing was probably caused by light limitation of the algae.

Download Full-text

Classification Maps for TDS Concentrations in the GIS Along Euphrates River, Iraq

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-021-05236-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 232 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Chabuk ◽

Zahraa Ali Hammood ◽

Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽

Salwan Ali Abed ◽

Jan Laue

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Euphrates River ◽

Poor Water Quality ◽

Quality Category ◽

Health Organization ◽

Dissolved Salts

AbstractIraq currently undergoing the problem of water shortage, although Iraq has two Rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) pass throughout most of its areas, and they have represented a major source of water supply. In the current research, to evaluate the quality of the Euphrates river in Iraq based on the values of total dissolved salts (TDS), the TDS concentrations were collected from sixteen sections along the river in the three succeeding years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The evaluation of the river was done depending on the classification of (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). of rivers for drinking uses. Inverse Distance Weighting Technique (IDWT) as a tool in the GIS was employed to establish the maps of the river that using interpolation/prediction for the TDS concentrations to each selected year and the average values of TDS for these 3 years. Based on the five categories of rivers’ classification of the TDS concentrations according to the (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland), the Euphrates river was classified, and the maps of classification for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average values for 3 years were created. The average values for 3 years of TDS along the Euphrates river indicated that the sections from SC-1 to SC-4 as moderate-water-quality-Category-3, the sections from SC-5 to SC-10 as poor-water-quality-Category-4, while the sections between SC-11 to SC-16 as very poor-water-quality-Category-5. The interpolation maps showed that the Euphrates river in Iraq was ranged from moderate water quality (Category-3) to very poor water quality (Category-5).

Download Full-text

Relevance of macroinvertebrate communities as a water quality monitoring tool in ecosystems under harsh environmental conditions in the Rift Valley region

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-021-08923-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 193 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tadiyose Girma Bekele ◽

Argaw Ambelu ◽

Ruth Gebretsadik Chegen ◽

Amanuel Girma Bekele ◽

Seblework Mekonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽

Monitoring Tool

Download Full-text

Monitoring of Neotropical Streams Using Macroinvertebrate Communities: Evidence from Honduras

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments8040027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Stefano Fenoglio ◽

Alberto Doretto

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Working Party ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Taxon Richness ◽

Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽

Class A ◽

Neotropical Streams ◽

Local Contribution ◽

Level Identification

Assessing the water quality by using biological indicators is a reliable and economically feasible way to promote environmental conservation in developing tropical countries. Here, we report one of the few examples of river biomonitoring in Honduras. In June 2005, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from six sites in the Río Cangrejal basin. An adapted version of the Biological Monitoring Working Party index (BMWP) was used to assess the water quality because it is simple, consolidated, relatively easy to use, and needs a family-level identification. Moreover, two other community metrics were calculated, namely the total taxon richness and local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD). Differences in the biomonitoring and diversity metrics among sites and their correlations were statistically tested. Thirty-nine macroinvertebrate taxa were collected and, despite significant differences in the BMWP score, all sampling sites were classified in the high environmental quality class. A very strong and positive correlation between the BMPW and taxon richness was found, while LCBD did not vary significantly and did not correlate with the other metrics. Our results suggest that taxon richness could be used as a surrogate indicator to assess the water quality when consolidate biomonitoring methods are not available.

Download Full-text

Development and Characterization of a Novel Low-Cost Water-Level and Water Quality Monitoring Sensor by Using Enhanced Screen Printing Technology with PEDOT:PSS

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11050474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bei Wang ◽

Manuel Baeuscher ◽

Xiaodong Hu ◽

Markus Woehrmann ◽

Katharina Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Level ◽

Sheet Resistance ◽

Screen Printing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Printing Technology ◽

Screen Printing Technology

A novel capacitive sensor for measuring the water-level and monitoring the water quality has been developed in this work by using an enhanced screen printing technology. A commonly used environment-friendly conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for conductive sensors has a limited conductivity due to its high sheet resistance. A physical treatment performed during the printing process has reduced the sheet resistance of printed PEDOT:PSS on polyethylenterephthalat (PET) substrate from 264.39 Ω/sq to 23.44 Ω/sq. The adhesion bonding force between printed PEDOT:PSS and the substrate PET is increased by using chemical treatment and tested using a newly designed adhesive peeling force test. Using the economical conductive ink PEDOT:PSS with this new physical treatment, our capacitive sensors are cost-efficient and have a sensitivity of up to 1.25 pF/mm.

Download Full-text