scholarly journals KELEA, Cosmic Rays, Cloud Formation and Electromagnetic Radiation: Electropollution as a Possible Explanation for Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Cloud Formation

scholarly journals The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.L. Bailer-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Impact Cratering ◽  
The Past

AbstractNumerous studies over the past 30 years have suggested there is a causal connection between the motion of the Sun through the Galaxy and terrestrial mass extinctions or climate change. Proposed mechanisms include comet impacts (via perturbation of the Oort cloud), cosmic rays and supernovae, the effects of which are modulated by the passage of the Sun through the Galactic midplane or spiral arms. Supposed periodicities in the fossil record, impact cratering dates or climate proxies over the Phanerozoic (past 545 Myr) are frequently cited as evidence in support of these hypotheses. This remains a controversial subject, with many refutations and replies having been published. Here I review both the mechanisms and the evidence for and against the relevance of astronomical phenomena to climate change and evolution. This necessarily includes a critical assessment of time series analysis techniques and hypothesis testing. Some of the studies have suffered from flaws in methodology, in particular drawing incorrect conclusions based on ruling out a null hypothesis. I conclude that there is little evidence for intrinsic periodicities in biodiversity, impact cratering or climate on timescales of tens to hundreds of Myr. Although this does not rule out the mechanisms, the numerous assumptions and uncertainties involved in the interpretation of the geological data and in particular in the astronomical mechanisms suggest that Galactic midplane and spiral arm crossings have little impact on biological or climate variation above background level. Non-periodic impacts and terrestrial mechanisms (volcanism, plate tectonics, sea level changes), possibly occurring simultaneously, remain likely causes of many environmental catastrophes. Internal dynamics of the biosphere may also play a role. In contrast, there is little evidence supporting the idea that cosmic rays have a significant influence on climate through cloud formation. It seems likely that more than one mechanism has contributed to biodiversity variations over the past half Gyr.

Modelling the influence of high-energy radiation on the atmospheric composition of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Barth ◽  
Christiane Helling ◽  
Eva E. Stüeken ◽  
Vincent Bourrier ◽  
Nathan Mayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Fine Grid ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Energy Radiation ◽  
Hot Jupiter

<p>Hot Jupiters provide valuable natural laboratories for studying potential contributions of high-energy radiation to prebiotic synthesis in the atmospheres of exoplanets. HD 189733b, a hot Jupiter orbiting a K star, is one of the most studied and best observed exoplanets. We combine XUV observations and 3D climate simulations to model the atmospheric composition and kinetic chemistry with the STAND2019 network. We show how XUV radiation, cosmic rays (CR), and stellar energetic particles (SEP) influence the chemistry of the atmosphere. We explore the effect that the change in the XUV radiation has over time, and we identify key atmospheric signatures of an XUV, CR, and SEP influx. 3D simulations of HD 189733b's atmosphere with the 3D Met Office Unified Model provide a fine grid of pressure-temperature profiles, consistently taking into account kinetic cloud formation. We apply <em>HST</em> and <em>XMM-Newton/Swift</em> observations obtained by the MOVES programmewhich provide combined X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) spectra of the host star HD 189733 at 4 different points in time. We find that the differences in the radiation field between the irradiated dayside and the shadowed nightside lead to stronger changes in the chemical abundances than the variability of the host star's XUV emission. We identify ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and oxonium (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) as fingerprint ions for the ionization of the atmosphere by both galactic cosmic rays and stellar particles. All considered types of high-energy radiation have an enhancing effect on the abundance of key organic molecules such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), and ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>). The latter two are intermediates in the production pathway of the amino acid glycine (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>) and abundant enough to be potentially detectable by <em>JWST</em>. Ultimately, we show that high energy processes potentially play an important role in prebiotic chemistry.</p><p>P Barth et al., MOVES IV. Modelling the influence of stellar XUV-flux, cosmic rays, and stellar energetic particles on the atmospheric composition of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b, <em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</em>, in press, DOI:10.1093/mnras/staa3989</p>

Transport of neutrinos, radiation and energetic particles in accretion flows

1982 ◽  
Vol 383 (1785) ◽  
pp. 409-437 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Compact Objects ◽  
Red Giants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accretion Flows

The equations describing the transport of suprathermal charged particles, electromagnetic radiation and neutrinos across accretion flows onto compact objects are solved analytically, the effects of shocks in the flow being included. These solutions are used in discussing three illustrative astrophysical examples: acceleration of cosmic rays, generation of spectral continua in quasars and the effect of neutrinos during the collapse of supernova precursors. The main results are: ( а ) Accretion flows with shocks accelerate cosmic rays very efficiently up to the highest energies. ( b ) The emergent spectra of electromagnetic radiation from such flows reproduce the observed spectra of quasars from infrared to the hard X-ray region. ( c ) The neutrinos in the collapsing cores of red giants develop a very hard non-thermal tail in their distribution facilitating the rebound of the gravitational collapse leading to the supernovae.

scholarly journals Influence of the Schwabe/Hale solar cycles on climate change during the Maunder Minimum

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S264) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Miyahara ◽  
Yusuke Yokoyama ◽  
Yasuhiko T. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWe have examined the variation of carbon-14 content in annual tree rings, and investigated the transitions of the characteristics of the Schwabe/Hale (11-year/22-year) solar and cosmic-ray cycles during the last 1200 years, focusing mainly on the Maunder and Spoerer minima and the early Medieval Maximum Period. It has been revealed that the mean length of the Schwabe/Hale cycles changes associated with the centennial-scale variation of solar activity level. The mean length of Schwabe cycle had been ~14 years during the Maunder Minimum, while it was ~9 years during the early Medieval Maximum Period. We have also found that climate proxy record shows cyclic variations similar to stretching/shortening Schwabe/Hale solar cycles in time, suggesting that both Schwabe and Hale solar cycles are playing important role in climate change. In this paper, we review the nature of Schwabe and Hale cycles of solar activity and cosmic-ray flux during the Maunder Minimum and their possible influence on climate change. We suggest that the Hale cycle of cosmic rays are amplified during the grand solar minima and thus the influence of cosmic rays on climate change is prominently recognizable during such periods.

scholarly journals The Sharp Rise of Δ14C ca. 800 cal BC: Possible Causes, Related Climatic Teleconnections and the Impact on Human Environments

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Van Geel ◽  
Johannes Van Der Plicht ◽  
M. R. Kilian ◽  
E. R. Klaver ◽  
J. H. M. Kouwenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
List Type ◽  
Raised Bog ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
The Impact

In this study we report on accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) wiggle-match dating of selected macrofossils from organic deposits ca. 800 cal bc (ca. 2650 bp). Based on paleological, archaeological and geological evidence, we found that the sharp rise of atmospheric 14C between 850 and 760 cal bc corresponds to the following related phenomena: 1.In European raised bog deposits, the changing spectrum of peat forming mosses and a sharp decline in decomposition of the peat indicate a sudden change from relatively dry and warm to cool, moist climatic conditions.2.As a consequence of climate change, there was a fast and considerable rise of the groundwater table so that peat growth started in areas that were already marginal from a hydrological point of view.3.The rise of the groundwater table in low-lying areas of the Netherlands resulted in the abandonment of settlement sites.4.The contemporaneous earliest human colonization of newly emerged salt marshes in the northern Netherlands (after loss of cultivated land) may have been related to thermal contraction of ocean water, causing a temporary stagnation in the relative sea-level rise.Furthermore, there is evidence for synchronous climatic change in Europe and on other continents (climatic teleconnections on both hemispheres) ca. 2650 bp. We discuss reduced solar activity and the related increase of cosmic rays as a cause for the observed climatological phenomena and the contemporaneous rise in the 14C-content of the atmosphere. Cosmic rays may have been a factor in the formation of clouds and precipitation, and in that way changes in solar wind were amplified and the effects induced abrupt climate change.

scholarly journals Cosmic rays and space weather: effects on global climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Solar Energy Input

Abstract. We consider possible effects of cosmic rays and some other space factors on the Earth's climate change. It is well known that the system of internal and external factors formatting the climate is very unstable; decreasing planetary temperature leads to an increase of snow surface, and decrease of the total solar energy input into the system decreases the planetary temperature even more, etc. From this it follows that even energetically small factors may have a big influence on climate change. In our opinion, the most important of these factors are cosmic rays and cosmic dust through their influence on clouds, and thus, on climate.

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