Exhaust Emissions from Two Euro 6d-Compliant Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles: Laboratory and On-Road Testing

In the regulations concerning approval of light vehicles starting from September 2019 it will be necessary to conduct exhaust emis-sions tests both on a chassis dynamometer and for real driving emissions. It is a legislative requirement set forth in EU regulations for the purpose of the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) procedure. To decide on the RDE route for the purpose of the LV exhaust emissions tests many requirements must be fulfilled, regarding for ex-ample external temperature and the topographic height of the tests, driving style (driving dynamic parameters), trip duration, length of respective test sections (urban, rural, motorway, etc.). The works on outlining RDE routes are continued across the country in various research centres. Specifying the RDE route for test purposes, i.e. works in which the authors of this article are actively involved, has become a major challenge for future approval surveys concerning the assessment of hazardous emissions from light vehicles and for development studies focusing on – for example – the consumption of energy in electric and hybrid vehicles. The vehicle load was consistent with the requirements of the standard and included the aforesaid measurement device, the driver and the operator of PEMS. The tests were carried out on working days. The streets and roads used for the tests were hard-surfaced. Meas-urements were performed in accordance with the requirements of RDE packages (Package 1–4), i.e. taking into account – among others the engine cold start. The article discusses the method of outlining the test route fulfilling the specific requirements for RDE testing. Chosen results of ex-haust emissions from a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine along the defined RDE test route have been provided. The tests discussed in the article are introductory in the area of RDE tests and provide an introduction into further studies of exhaust emissions and energy consumption in real driving conditions in conventional vehicles and vehicles with alternative engines, e.g. hybrid and electric vehicles.

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Exhaust Emissions and Energy Consumption Analysis of Conventional, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles in Real Driving Cycles

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13236423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 6423

Author(s):

Jacek Pielecha ◽

Kinga Skobiej ◽

Karolina Kurtyka

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Hybrid Vehicles ◽

The European Union ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Traffic Conditions

One of the environmental aims of the European Union is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. According to European Parliament data, transport emissions accounted for about 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2016, in which road transport had the largest share (approximately 72%). This phenomenon is particularly visible in urban agglomerations. The solution examples are the popularization of hybrid vehicles and the development of electromobility. The aim of this paper is an assessment of the energy consumption and exhaust emissions from passenger cars fitted with different powertrains in actual operation. For the tests, passenger cars with conventional engines of various emission classes were used as well as the latest hybrid vehicles and an electric car. It enabled a comparative assessment of the energy consumption under different traffic conditions, with particular emphasis on the urban phase and the entire RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. The results were analyzed to identify changes in these environmental factors that have occurred with the technical advancement of vehicles. The lowest total energy consumption in real traffic conditions is characteristic of an electric vehicle; the plug-in hybrid vehicle with a gasoline engine is about 10% bigger, and the largest one is a combustion vehicle (30% bigger than an electric vehicle). These data may contribute to the classification of vehicles and identification of advantages of the latest developments in conventional, hybrid, and electric vehicles.

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On-road testing and characterization of the exhaust emissions of light-duty vehicles

Sustainable Development and Planning IV ◽

10.2495/sdp090411 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Merkisz ◽

J. Pielecha ◽

W. Gis

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Light Duty ◽

Road Testing ◽

Light Duty Vehicles

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Onboard Locomotive Exhaust Emissions Measurement

ASME 2007 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/rtdf2007-46016 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David C. Brabb ◽

Anand R. Vithani ◽

S. K. Punwani

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Protection Agency ◽

The Road ◽

Specific Emissions ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Road Testing ◽

Smoke Opacity

Limiting harmful locomotive exhaust emissions is important to the Nation’s health and safety. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has comprehensive gaseous exhaust emissions (or referred to as emissions hereto) testing requirements in place. All current tests are conducted on stationary locomotives. This paper discusses the development of an efficient stationary emissions measurement system that is compact, portable, easy to use, and applicable to onboard locomotives for in-use, over-the-road testing. More efficient locomotive emissions testing and better understanding of in-use emissions would be beneficial to all stakeholders. Sharma & Associates, Inc., (SA) adapted an off-the-shelf, portable, on-road, heavy-duty diesel truck emissions analyzer for locomotive use. This process included development of the necessary peripheral equipment and a computer program to take the raw emissions and report them as brake-specific emissions rates and duty cycle emissions. This paper describes the use of this system on a stationary locomotive. The system is currently being fitted and tested for over-the-road use. The measurement of particulate matter and smoke opacity were out of scope of the phase of the project that this paper is based on and not addressed hereto.

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PASSENGER CARS AND HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES EXHAUST EMISSIONS UNDER REAL DRIVING CONDITIONS

Archives of Transport ◽

10.5604/08669546.1146986 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 47-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Agnieszka Merkisz-Guranowska ◽

Jacek Pielecha

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Road Testing ◽

System Project ◽

Heavy Duty Vehicles

In the assumptions regarding to the transport policy both at the level of country and Europe there is the concept of sustainable development of transport. Warsaw University of Technology in cooperation with Poznan University of Technology performs research work concerning the shaping of environmentally friendly transport system – Project EMITRANSYS. In this project, one of the conditions is to reduce exhaust emissions by means of transport. The paper presents the reasons for the testing of the exhaust emissions under Real Driving Emissions testing (RDE). Research potential of Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport at Poznan University of Technology in the area of road testing of passenger and heavy-duty vehicles has been presented in the paper. Example test results have been shown in the aspect of the emission-related classification of vehicles.

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Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

10.4271/j1711_201006 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Hybrid Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Electric

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Reducing of Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Hybrid Vehicles

MTZ worldwide ◽

10.1007/s38313-012-0204-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 73 (7-8) ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nils Lindenkamp ◽

Benjamin Tilch ◽

Peter Eilts

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Hybrid Vehicles

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Plug-in Hybrid Ecological Category in Real Driving Emissions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2340

Author(s):

Kinga Skobiej ◽

Jacek Pielecha

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Hybrid Vehicles ◽

Point Of View ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Emission Standards ◽

Ecological Aspects ◽

Exhaust Gas Emission ◽

Innovative Solution

Transportation, as one of the most growing industries, is problematic due to environmental pollution. A solution to reduce the environmental burden is stricter emission standards and homologation tests that correspond to the actual conditions of vehicle use. Another solution is the widespread introduction of hybrid vehicles—especially the plug-in type. Due to exhaust emission tests in RDE (real driving emissions) tests, it is possible to determine the real ecological aspects of these vehicles. The authors of this paper used RDE testing of the exhaust emissions of plug-in hybrid vehicles and on this basis evaluated various hybrid vehicles from an ecological point of view. An innovative solution proposed by the authors is to define classes of plug-in hybrid vehicles (classes from A to C) due to exhaust emissions. An innovative way is to determine the extreme results of exhaust gas emission within the range of acceptable scatter of the obtained results. By valuating vehicles, it will be possible in the future to determine the guidelines useful in designing more environmentally friendly power units in plug-in hybrid vehicles.

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