Comparison of Maternal Absenteeism and Infant Illness Rates among Breast-Feeding and Formula-Feeding Women in Two Corporations

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Cohen ◽  
Marsha B. Mrtek ◽  
Robert G. Mrtek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Breast Fed

Purpose. A comparison was made between breast-feeding and formula-feeding among employed mothers. Absenteeism directly related to child care was examined. Design. This quasi-experimental study followed convenience samples of breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers until their infants were weaned or reached 1 year of age. Setting. Two corporations with established lactation programs were used. One had approximately 100 births annually among 2400 female employees, and the other had approximately 30 births annually among 1200 female employees. Subjects. A sample of 101 participants, 59 feeding breast milk and 42 using commercial formula, was composed of employees returning from maternity leave for a medically uncomplicated birth. Intervention. The programs provided counseling by a lactation professional for all participants and facilities to collect and store breast milk. Measures. Confidential participant diaries provided descriptive data on infant illnesses and related absenteeism that the lactation consultant verified with health care providers and through employer attendance records. Analysis. Attribute counts of illnesses and absenteeism were reported as percentages. Single degree of freedom χ2 tests were used to compare rates between nutrition groups. Results. Approximately 28% of the infants in the study had no illnesses; 86% of these were breast-fed and 14% were formula-fed. When illnesses occurred, 25% of all 1-day maternal absences were among breast-fed babies and 75% were among the formula-fed group. Conclusions. In this study fewer and less severe infant illnesses and less maternal absenteeism was found in the breast-feeding group. This was not an experimental study. Participants were self-selected, and a comparison group was used rather than a true control group. Corroboration of these findings from larger experimental studies is needed to generalize beyond these groups.

scholarly journals Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantea Nazeri ◽  
Hosein Dalili ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Feeding Type ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Iodine Sufficiency

AbstractDespite substantial progress in the global elimination of iodine deficiency, lactating mothers and their infants remain susceptible to insufficient iodine intake. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers at four randomly selected health care centres in Tehran. Healthy infants <3 months old and their mothers were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Iodine was measured in urine and breast milk samples from each infant and mother as well as commercially available infant formula. The study included 124 postpartum mothers (29·2 (sd 4·9) years old) and their infants (2·0 (sd 0·23) months old). The iodine concentrations were 50–184 µg/l for infant formula, compared with a median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of 100 µg/l in the exclusive breast-feeding group and 122 µg/l in the partial formula feeding group. The median values for urinary iodine concentration in the exclusive breast-feeding group were 183 µg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 76–285) for infants and 78 µg/l (IQR 42–145) for mothers, compared with 140 µg/l (IQR 68–290) for infants and 87 µg/l (IQR 44–159) for mothers in the formula feeding group. These differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for BMIC, ANCOVA revealed that feeding type (exclusive breast-feeding v. partial formula feeding) did not significantly affect the infants’ or mother’s urinary iodine levels. Thus, in an area with iodine sufficiency, there was no difference in the iodine statuses of infants and mothers according to their feeding type.

scholarly journals AWARENESS OF MOTHER WITH BABY PACIFIER

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 516-525
Author(s):  
Yasmine Tarek ◽  
Shymah AlMubarak ◽  
Zahraa Aljassem ◽  
Sajidah Al_Aliwi ◽  
Maryam Albagshi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Nutritive Sucking ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Calming Effect ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Pacifier Use

Introduction: Pacifiers consist of a latex or silicone nipple with a firm plastic shield and handle and are available in different forms and sizes. This is used in infant for colling and calming effect on infant however, it is related to many disadvantage and side effect on teeth of the infants. In this study we aimed to a Assess the interrelation between different on-nutritive sucking habits, pacifier use and thumb/digit sucking. Besides, Investigate the relationships between various non-nutritive sucking habits and occlusion in the primary dentition. Methodology: Following a comprehensive literature review, the questionnaire was designed and used for data collection. Then, a cross‐sectional survey was distributed throughout the internet for two months (October - November 2019) to 200 mothers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The mothers answered 16 questions, where 5 of them were self-administered, while the others followed the pacifier and their effect on Breastfeeding and teeth. Initially, the participants have answered inquiries about the demographic information. Results: The results of our study include 202 mothers in which 55.9 % were between 18 -30 years old while 88.6 % of married while 6.4 % were widowed and the rest were divorced. Moreover, 67.3 % of mothers in this study started breast feeding but stopped it, while 15.3 % still breast feeding partially, 12.9 % still breasting feeding exclusively and 4.5 % never breast fed during the process of the survey. 58.9 % of mothers agree about the use of pacifier with their infants where younger mothers were more intended to agree about using of pacifier. Considering the reason behind using of pacifier, mothers reported that 74.3 % of mothers using pacifier because of its comfort or soothing effect. Moreover, 47.1 % of the sample thought that best time to start using pacifiers is from first week of birth and 49 % of mothers in this study thought that pacifier should be used for 4 hours per day. Finally, most of mother thought that the ideal time of pacifier cessation before the first year (45%). Conclusion: As with all infant care practices, there may be multiple factors influencing the parental decision to use or not use a pacifier for the infant. Some of these factors (e.g., concerns about nipple confusion, dental concerns) may be the result of misinformation. As pacifier use has been associated with a reduced risk for SIDS, it is important for health care providers to understand and be able to address the concerns that parents may have about pacifier use. In the hospital setting, providers should be aware that parents may have strong preferences about getting educated regarding pacifier use and its consequences.

scholarly journals Effects of Exclusive Breast Feeding for First Six Months of life on Children Weight, Height and Head Circumference in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq and Compare with Other Types of Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Sardar M. Weli
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Breast Fed

Breastfeeding (BF) serves as a complete nutritional source for the first six months of infant’s life. Breast milk contains all essential nutrients that necessary for the physiological growth and development of infants. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological growth of infants including weight, height and head circumference who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and those who were given bottle-fed or mixed fed and to find a percentage of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who contributed in this study in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in Sulaimani city/ Kurdistan region of Iraq and the cases were enrolled between the first of October 2018 and first of October 2019. The infants’ weight, height and head circumstances were measured at different age levels (At age two, six, nine and fifteen months). The results of this study found that Among 198 mothers who were contributed in this study; 92 (46.5%) of mothers had EBF while 90 (45.5%) had mixed feeding and only 16 (8%) had exclusive formula feeding (EFF) in the first six months of baby’s life. Infant’s weight at age 2 months were no differences between types of feeding. However, at ages 6 and 9 were significantly high in infants who breastfed compared to formula fed but no differences were found between EBF and mixed feeding. At age 15 months weights of infants were again no differences were found between all types of feeding. For height parameter, infants who exclusively breastfed for six months were significantly higher than those of formula fed at age 2, 6, 9 and 15 months. Regarding head circumferences no significant differences between types of feeding at age 2 months were showed. Nevertheless, at age 6 and 15 months were significantly high in infants who breastfed than formula fed. The present study conclude that infants who breast fed for first six months of life have a higher weight, height and head circumferences than infants who exclusively formula fed. The percentage of EBF among Kurdish mothers were similar with other countries of Iraq but was low compared to the recommended rate of WHO. 

Dynamics of Infant Feeding: Mothers, Professionals, and the Institutional Context in a Large Urban Hospital

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Beverly Winikoff ◽  
Virginia Hight Laukaran ◽  
Deborah Myers ◽  
Richard Stone
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Insufficient Milk ◽  
Breast Fed

A multidimensional approach was taken to understand the constraints to breast-feeding in a large municipal hospital. Data were collected through direct observation, chart review, and questionnaires to patients and staff. Breast-feeding had not yet begun within 24 hours postpartum in 37% of women who wanted to breast-feed. Chart review revealed that at hospital discharge no woman was breast-feeding exclusively: only 16% of infants had ever been breast-fed and all of these also had been formula fed. The most common reason for the use of supplementary formula and early weaning was the mother's perception or anticipation of insufficient milk. The existing procedures communicated the message to patients that the health care providers expected women to bottle-feed. Some practices that prevented successful breast-feeding were prolonged and/or unnecessary separation of mother and infant, routine provision of infant formula, confusion about drug contraindications for breast-feeding, and inconsistent identification of breast-feeding infants. Staff knowledge about breast-feeding management was inadequate, and staff underestimated mothers' interest in breast-feeding. Recommendations to facilitate breast-feeding include a revision of routines and procedures as well as provision of staff education and expansion of patient education.

Hypernatremic Dehydration Resulting From Inadequate Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Clarke ◽  
Marguetrite Markarian ◽  
William Griswold ◽  
Stanley Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
White Female ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Hypernatremic Dehydration

Scientific evidence accumulated over the years confirms that breast milk has many advantages over formula feeding.1.2 The difficulty of monitoring an infant's intake from breast-feeding may occasionally lead to problems in the rare baby in whom inadequate intake of food and fluids is not apparent. In the present case, a 2-week-old infant developed severe hypernatremic dehydration. Hypernatremia has not been reported previously in a totally breast-fed infant. CASE REPORT A 3,860-gm white female infant was born to a 28-year-old primigravida mother at 40 weeks' gestation after an uncomplicated prenatal course. The amniotic fluid was meconium stained, and cardiac decelerations were noted during oxytocm induction.

The Promotion of Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Breast Fed

A primary goal of the American Academy of Pediatrics is to encourage optimal infant nutrition through the promotion of breast-feeding, stressing the superiority of human milk and the proper use of nutritionally appropriate breast milk substitutes for infants who cannot be breast-fed. To reach this goal, there are four major objectives of perinatal care: (1) A woman should have the opportunity prior to the time of delivery to make a fully informed decision to breast-feed or not to breast-feed her infant. (2) Health care providers should be knowledgeable about breast-feeding and work to provide surroundings, personnel, and information that encourage mothers to breast-feed. (3) The breast-feeding mother should be supported by her physician, by hospital personnel and practices, and by work-place practices. (4) Any routine professional, institutional, or commercial practices that tend to discourage breast-feeding should be opposed.

Breast Is (Viewed as) Best: Demonstrating Formula Feeding Stigma

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-520
Author(s):  
Corinne A. Moss-Racusin ◽  
Casey A. Schofield ◽  
Sophie S. Brown ◽  
Kerry A. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
And Control

Experimental research has not examined possible formula feeding stigma. We explored whether mothers encounter stigma resulting from infant feeding method and if formula feeding stigma is impacted by whether this feeding method was intended or unintended. Experiment 1 ( N = 252) exposed participants to a social media post in which a mother described intentionally breastfeeding, formula feeding, or did not mention a feeding method (control). Results provided the first experimental evidence of formula feeding stigma; the formula feeding mother was viewed less positively than the identical breastfeeding and control mothers, who were typically not perceived differently than one another. Experiment 2 ( N = 388) added conditions in which feeding methods were unintended. When feeding methods were intended, results replicated Experiment 1. However, when feeding methods were unintended, the pattern fully reversed; unintended formula feeders were viewed more positively than unintended breast-feeders. Further, women who formula fed were penalized when they did so intentionally, while those who breastfed were penalized when they did so unintentionally. This suggests that formula feeding stigma stems primarily from perceptions of feeding intentions (rather than the belief that breast milk is superior) because mothers who planned to formula feed were viewed more negatively than those who planned to breastfeed, regardless of whether babies actually received formula or breast milk. These results imply that caregivers, health care providers, and policy makers should be mindful of the potential for pro-breastfeeding rhetoric to be associated with formula feeding stigma (with potential consequences for the health of women and infants) and consider implementing interventions designed to reduce stigma and promote awareness of the safety and utility of proper formula use.

scholarly journals Faulty Breast Feeding Practice : A Risk Factor in Malnourished Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Sukhendu Shekhar Sen ◽  
Jhulan Das Sharma ◽  
Dhananjoy Das ◽  
Shahed Iqbal ◽  
Md Badruddoza
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: The predominant form of malnutrition is commonly called proteincalorie malnutrition. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is still a major health problem in children of developing countries including Bangladesh. The causes of malnutrition are multifactorial including nutritional factors, socioeconomic factors, health status of the mothers and repeated infections in children.Objective: To explore the information regarding the breast feeding practices of children suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital from November 2006 to April 2007. A total of 65 controls and 65 cases were selected consecutively for the purpose of the study. Their mothers were interviewed with help of structured questionnaire containing all the variables of interest to attain the study objectives. The test statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics and Chi-square (c2) or Fisher’s Exact Probability Test.Results: A significantly higher frequency of cases (67.7%) were given pre-lacteal feed, predominantly honey and sugar-water compared to control group (41.5%) (p = 0.008). Nearly 100% of controls were given colostrums compared to 75% of the cases. About one-third (31.3%) of the cases was exclusively breast-fed in comparison to 58.5% of the control group (p = 0.003). Over onequarter (27.7%) of the control were breast-fed upto 6 months of age, as opposed to only 1.5% cases (p < 0.001). Duration of predominant breast feeding for more than 6 months of age was also significantly higher in control group than that in case group (p = 0.001). Breast milk substitutes demonstrate their significant presence in cases (38.5%) than that in controls (9%) (p = 0.003).Conclusion: The study showed that rejection of colostrums, practice of prelacteal feeding, delayed initiation of breast feeding, early cessation of exclusive breast feeding and use of formula milk all were significantly higher in the malnourished group of children than those in their normal counterpart.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 43-47

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-617
Author(s):  
Marsha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Practice Parameter ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Breast Fed

I read with interest the report by the Provisional Committee for Quality Improvement and Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia (Pediatrics 1994;94:558-565) entitled, "Practice Parameter: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Healthy Term Newborn." I wish to make a couple of comments on jaundice and the breast-fed newborn. It was gratifying to see recommendations discouraging the interruption of breast-feeding and eliminating the use of supplemental water or dextrose and water in this situation. Many jaundiced breast-fed newborns simply need more breast milk, ie, more feedings and a check to see that the newborn is swallowing milk at breast.

Otitis Media in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Breast Fed

Dr. Bland found an increase in otitis media in bottle-fed versus breast-fed infants. He speculates that this may be due to transfer of IgA in breast milk. Another possibility is that the increased incidence of otitis is due to positional differences between bottle- and breast-feeding. Bottle babies are often fed in the recumbent position which promotes entry of milk into the eustachian tubes and the middle ear, whereas the anatomy of the maternal breast requires that the infant's head be vertical during feeding. This concept of positional otitis has been recently reviewed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document