An overview of prevalence surveys of problem and pathological gambling in the Nordic countries

2006 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Estimates of the prevalence of gambling problems among adults by sampling from whole population registries have been made in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The studies in Norway and Sweden are fairly similar, showing a higher prevalence in Sweden according to the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised (SOGS-R), and similar prevalence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) screens. The difference is unexpected because Norway has relatively more gambling machines and Norwegian citizens spend more money on gambling. However, the low response rates in Norway may explain the result. Preliminary results from Iceland (2005) with a DSM-IV screen do not differ from those from Norway and Sweden concerning prevalences of pathological gambling, but differ from Norway concerning problem gamblers. However, different DSM-IV screens were used in the three countries, and response rates differed. With these reservations, the past-year prevalence of pathological gambling in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden is about 0.3%, as estimated from DSM-IV screens. Studies of gambling problems among young people have only been performed in Norway.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Treatment-Seeking Alcohol Dependence Patients With and Without ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Roncero ◽  
Lluisa Ortega ◽  
Jesús Pérez-Pazos ◽  
Anna Lligoña ◽  
Alfonso C. Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Made In

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ADHD in adult patients treated for alcohol dependence and to analyze the characteristics of consumption and psychiatric comorbidity, in function of a possible ADHD in adulthood. Method: We administered the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to 726 alcohol-dependent patients. Clinical diagnosis, following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria was made in the first four weeks of treatment. A subsample of 297 patients was evaluated using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID-II) to test the psychometric properties of ASRS. Results: After analyzing the properties of the ASRS (sensitivity: 83.3%; specificity: 66.1%), the prevalence of ADHD, in the whole sample, was estimated to be 16.2%. Being younger, lifetime history of cocaine dependence and the presence of an affective, anxiety or personality disorder were associated with a possible ADHD. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of ADHD in patients being treated for alcohol dependence is high, and the presence of a possible ADHD in adulthood is associated with an increase in psychiatric comorbidity.

Coping Strategies and Problem Gambling

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Farrelly ◽  
Christine Ffrench ◽  
Rowan P. Ogeil ◽  
James G. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dissociative Tendencies

AbstractIn DSM-IV, problem gambling is associated with symptoms such as escape, denial, and chasing. However, these symptoms could actually be underlying coping strategies that contribute to the problems associated with gambling behaviour. To address relationships between coping strategies and gambling problems, 65 participants (37 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 37 completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and questionnaires addressing coping strategies, mood states, and dissociative experiences. Specific subscales addressing coping strategies relevant to DSM-IV symptoms were examined, namely Distancing, Escape-Avoidance and Confrontative Coping. Although fantasy and denial feature in the behaviours of problem gamblers, dissociative tendencies were only indirectly linked to problem gambling status. Instead, problem gambling status was related to depression and greater tendencies towards Confrontative Coping and Distancing. The present data demonstrates several distinct factors associated with gambling problems and suggests confrontation could have a role in problem gambling.

Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Alebeek ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Christel Hessels ◽  
Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽  
Marcel van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

The Classification of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Gordon ◽  
Jill M. Holm-Denoma ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Dsm Iv

The purpose of the chapter is to elucidate the key issues regarding the classification of eating disorders. To this end, a review of nosological research in the area of eating disorders is presented, with a particular focus on empirically based techniques such as taxometric and latent class analysis. This is followed by a section outlining areas of overlap between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) eating disorder categories and their symptoms. Next, eating disorder classification models that are alternatives to the DSM-IV-TR are described and critically examined in light of available empirical data. Finally, areas of controversy and considerations for change in next version of the DSM (i.e., the applicability of DSM criteria to minority groups, children, males; the question of whether clinical categories should be differentiated from research categories) are discussed.

Sexual Disorders Not Otherwise Specified: Compulsive, Addictive, or Impulsive?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Donald W. Black ◽  
Willie Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Hypersexual Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Comorbidity

AbstractParaphilias are recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects. These paraphilias cause the suffering or humiliation of the patient or patient's partner, or children, or other nonconsenting persons. However, in many patients symptoms involve more culturally acceptable patterns (eg, repetitive masturbation, Internet pornography); such hypersexual symptoms have been labeled as compulsive, addictive, or impulsive. Growing evidence supports the existence of a discrete syndrome characterized by recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving patterns that fall outside the definition of paraphilia. There is, however, high comorbidity with paraphilia. While such symptoms have been labeled as sexual compulsion or addiction, these terms are problematic in this context. Modern nosology has neglected this entity, although the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), category of sexual disorders not otherwise specified includes hypersexual behaviors as an example. We suggest that the DSM-IV category of sexual disorders be modified to include explicitly diagnostic criteria for a disorder characterized by hypersexual symptoms involving patterns that fall outside of the current definition of paraphilia. The disorder might be classified as one of the paraphilias, or as paraphilia-related. In the absence of a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder, we suggest that it simply be termed hypersexual disorder.

Problemi di psicoterapia

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Vengono presentati i principali sistemi di diagnosi psichiatrica, e precisamente le ultime edizioni del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) dell'American Psychiatric Association (il DSM-III del 1980, il DSM-III-R del 1987, il DSM-IV del 1994, il DSM-IV-TR del 2000, e il DSM-V previsto per il 2013), la 10a edizione dell'International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) proposta nel 1992 dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanitŕ (OMS), e il Manuale Diagnostico Psicodinamico (PDM) prodotto dalla comunitŕ psicoanalitica internazionale nel 2006. A proposito dei DSM, vengono discussi alcuni problemi metodologici quali le dicotomie validitŕ/attendibilitŕ, categorie/dimensioni e politetico/monotetico, e anticipati alcuni dibattiti critici a proposito del futuro DSM-V. Infine, vengono discusse le seguenti problematiche: la psicopatologia "descrittiva" e "strutturale"; la diagnosi come "difesa" del terapeuta; l'aspetto scientifico e l'aspetto filosofico della diagnosi; i tentativi di "sospensione" del giudizio e dei nostri preconcetti; la dicotomia nomotetico-idiografico.

scholarly journals Prevalence and stability of insomnia from preschool to early adolescence: a prospective cohort study in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000660
Author(s):  
Jonas Falch-Madsen ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Silje Steinsbekk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Time Point

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.MethodsWe followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007–2017). Insomnia diagnoses and symptoms were captured by a semistructured clinical interview of parents and children (from age 8 years).ResultsAt ages 4 and 6 years approximately 2.5% of children met the criteria for insomnia, whereas at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14 years the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 12.3%. During the 10-year period examined nearly 1 in 5 children had insomnia at least once (18.7%). Sex differences were apparent with DSM-IV, but not DSM-5, criteria: boys (8.1%) had more insomnia than girls (4.5%) did at ages 4–10 years, whereas girls (11.4%) had more insomnia than boys (7.1%) did at ages 12 and 14 years. Insomnia proved stable, with 22.9%–40.1% of children retaining their diagnosis 2 years later. Having current insomnia produced medium to large ORs of between 5.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 9.8) and 15.3 (95% CI 4.4 to 52.9) for subsequent insomnia 2 years later compared with not having preceding insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia was less prevalent than previous research indicates, with nearly 1 in 5 participants having insomnia at least once between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Female preponderance emerged in early adolescence. Having insomnia at one time point was a considerable risk for subsequent insomnia, indicating that insomnia is persistent and warrants clinical attention.

Recent Developments in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Dsm Iv

The traumatic stress field has expanded dramatically over the last 10 years. This paper provides a review of progress in three areas from the domain of posttraumatic stress responses. First, recent developments in diagnosis are discussed, with particular reference to the proposed diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; American Psychiatric Association, in press). Second, a theoretical formulation based on cognitive processing principles is presented and, where available, empirical support for such a conceptualisation is provided. Third, the implications of a cognitive processing paradigm for treatment are discussed briefly, with reference to recent research findings. Suggestions for future development of the field are provided.

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