scholarly journals Prevalence and stability of insomnia from preschool to early adolescence: a prospective cohort study in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000660
Author(s):  
Jonas Falch-Madsen ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Silje Steinsbekk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Time Point

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.MethodsWe followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007–2017). Insomnia diagnoses and symptoms were captured by a semistructured clinical interview of parents and children (from age 8 years).ResultsAt ages 4 and 6 years approximately 2.5% of children met the criteria for insomnia, whereas at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14 years the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 12.3%. During the 10-year period examined nearly 1 in 5 children had insomnia at least once (18.7%). Sex differences were apparent with DSM-IV, but not DSM-5, criteria: boys (8.1%) had more insomnia than girls (4.5%) did at ages 4–10 years, whereas girls (11.4%) had more insomnia than boys (7.1%) did at ages 12 and 14 years. Insomnia proved stable, with 22.9%–40.1% of children retaining their diagnosis 2 years later. Having current insomnia produced medium to large ORs of between 5.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 9.8) and 15.3 (95% CI 4.4 to 52.9) for subsequent insomnia 2 years later compared with not having preceding insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia was less prevalent than previous research indicates, with nearly 1 in 5 participants having insomnia at least once between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Female preponderance emerged in early adolescence. Having insomnia at one time point was a considerable risk for subsequent insomnia, indicating that insomnia is persistent and warrants clinical attention.

To ID or Not to ID? Changes in Classification Rates of Intellectual Disability Using DSM-5

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimilia Papazoglou ◽  
Lisa A. Jacobson ◽  
Marie McCabe ◽  
Walter Kaufmann ◽  
T. Andrew Zabel
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adaptive Skill

Abstract The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (ID) include a change to the definition of adaptive impairment. New criteria require impairment in one adaptive domain rather than two or more skill areas. The authors examined the diagnostic implications of using a popular adaptive skill inventory, the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition, with 884 clinically referred children (ages 6–16). One hundred sixty-six children met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ID; significantly fewer (n  =  151, p  =  .001) met ID criteria under DSM-5 (9% decrease). Implementation of DSM-5 criteria for ID may substantively change the rate of ID diagnosis. These findings highlight the need for a combination of psychometric assessment and clinical judgment when implementing the adaptive deficits component of the DSM-5 criteria for ID diagnosis.

From DSM-IV to DSM-5: an interim report from a cultural psychiatry perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Krishan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cultural Psychiatry ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummaryIn July 2012, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) closed its final commenting period on draft criteria for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), slated for publication in May 2013. DSM-5 raises familiar questions about the cultural assumptions of proposed diagnoses, the scientific evidence base of these criteria and their validity in international settings. I review these issues since the publication of DSM-IV. I assess the cultural validity of DSM-5 and suggest areas of improvement.

The Impact of DSM-5 A-Criteria Changes on Parent Ratings of ADHD in Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sibley ◽  
Carlos E. Yeguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) A-criteria for ADHD were expanded to include new descriptors referencing adolescent and adult symptom manifestations. This study examines the effect of these changes on symptom endorsement in a sample of adolescents with ADHD (N = 259; age range = 10.72-16.70). Method: Parent ratings were collected and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 endorsement of ADHD symptoms were compared. Results: Under the DSM-5, there were significant increases in reported inattention, but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptoms, with specific elevations for certain symptoms. The average adolescent met criteria for less than one additional symptom under the DSM-5, but the correlation between ADHD symptoms and impairment was attenuated when using the DSM-5 items. Impulsivity items appeared to represent adolescent deficits better than hyperactivity items. Results were not moderated by demographic factors. Conclusion: In a sample of adolescents with well-diagnosed DSM-IV-TR ADHD, developmental symptom descriptors led parents to endorse slightly more symptoms of inattention, but this elevation is unlikely to be clinically meaningful.

scholarly journals 1482Comparative epidemiology analysis of major depressive disorder with DSM-5 and DSM-IV criteria in high-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Thakur ◽  
Swarali Tadwalkar
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Access ◽  
High Income ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Background Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) there were a few changes in the inclusion criteria but there is a limited literature to quantify this change. Methods We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Clarivate’s Cortellis database from 1/1/2008 to 7/4/2020, to identify the country-specific total prevalence of MDD according to the DSM-5 and DSM-IV in nine high-income countries. In countries lacking published prevalence estimates according to DSM-5 criteria, we derived DSM-5 prevalence estimates by multiplying the country-specific DSM-IV data with the ratio of DSM-5 to DSM-IV prevalence in countries with comparable risk factors and healthcare access. Results Changes in the criteria between the DSM-IV and DSM-5, resulted in a substantial increase (30%) in the MDD patient counts across the countries under study ranging from 0.1 million patients in New Zealand to 5.8 million in United States. Conclusions Total prevalent cases of MDD increased after the introduction of DSM-5 criteria because of the changes in the inclusion criteria. Elimination of bereavement as the exclusion criteria was one of the key changes which resulted in more patients becoming eligible for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. Key messages This analysis provides a comparative insight into the effect of change in the DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria on the MDD patient counts which is not reported frequently in the published literature.

scholarly journals Validity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for nicotine use disorder: results from 734 Israeli lifetime smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shmulewitz ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
E. Aharonovich ◽  
B. Spivak ◽  
A. Weizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Hazardous Use

BackgroundThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes aligning nicotine use disorder (NUD) criteria with those for other substances, by including the current DSM fourth edition (DSM-IV) nicotine dependence (ND) criteria, three abuse criteria (neglect roles, hazardous use, interpersonal problems) and craving. Although NUD criteria indicate one latent trait, evidence is lacking on: (1) validity of each criterion; (2) validity of the criteria as a set; (3) comparative validity between DSM-5 NUD and DSM-IV ND criterion sets; and (4) NUD prevalence.MethodNicotine criteria (DSM-IV ND, abuse and craving) and external validators (e.g. smoking soon after awakening, number of cigarettes per day) were assessed with a structured interview in 734 lifetime smokers from an Israeli household sample. Regression analysis evaluated the association between validators and each criterion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the association of the validators with the DSM-5 NUD set (number of criteria endorsed) and tested whether DSM-5 or DSM-IV provided the most discriminating criterion set. Changes in prevalence were examined.ResultsEach DSM-5 NUD criterion was significantly associated with the validators, with strength of associations similar across the criteria. As a set, DSM-5 criteria were significantly associated with the validators, were significantly more discriminating than DSM-IV ND criteria, and led to increased prevalence of binary NUD (two or more criteria) over ND.ConclusionsAll findings address previous concerns about the DSM-IV nicotine diagnosis and its criteria and support the proposed changes for DSM-5 NUD, which should result in improved diagnosis of nicotine disorders.

Problemi di psicoterapia

2013 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Paolo Migone
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Vengono presentati i principali problemi del processo di costruzione del DSM-5, cioč della quinta edizione del Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) dellA' merican Psychiatric Association, previsto per il maggio 2013. In particolare, vengono illustrati principali cambiamenti introdotti dal manuale e le nuove diagnosi proposte, alcune delle quali poi ritirate per le polemiche suscitate (ad esempio quella di "Sindrome da rischio psicotico"). Robert J. Spitzer e Allen Frances, che sono i capi delle task force dei due pre- cedenti DSM (rispettivamente il DSM-III e DSM-IV), hanno guidato una campagna internazionale di proteste contro il DSM-5 che ha raccolto circa 15.000 firme e che č riuscita a ottenere certe modifiche, ma non a impedire la pubblicazione prematura di un DSM-5 con numerosi difetti. Infine vengono elencate le undici diagnosi del DSM-5 che secondo Frances creeranno maggiori danni alla popolazione.

The Prevalence and Comorbidity Rates of ADHD Among School-Age Children in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Zorlu ◽  
Gulsen Unlu ◽  
Burcu Cakaloz ◽  
Mehmet Zencir ◽  
Ahmet Buber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and comorbidity rates of ADHD in a community sample of school-age children. Method: Participants were 1,508 children aged 6 to 14 years. Parents and teachers of each child completed the Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (T- DSM-IV-S). Screen-positive cases were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children–Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV criteria. Results: The prevalence rate of ADHD was 8%. Children from extended families had extremely high rates (46.4%) of ADHD. Sixty percent of children with ADHD had one or more comorbid diagnoses. The most common comorbidities were learning disorders (35.7%) and oppositional defiant disorder (22.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence and comorbidity rates of ADHD in school-age children in Turkey are similar to those found in previous studies in other countries.

Differences between DSM-IV and DSM-5 as applied to child and adolescent psychiatry and neurodevelopmental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Z. Shujah ◽  
A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013. We discuss the important differences between DSM-IV and DSM-5 with particular relevance to child and adolescent psychiatry. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are discussed in detail, as well as a summary of other changes in DSM-5 relevant to child and adolescent psychiatry. The discussion is supported by a review of relevant literature.

scholarly journals Un análisis crítico de los debates acerca del duelo y el trastorno depresivo en la era del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. e2319
Author(s):  
Francisco Pizarro Obaid ◽  
Rodrigo De La Fabián Albagli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Dsm Iv

Desde la incorporación del trastorno depresivo mayor en el Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) de 1980, hasta su actualización en el DSM-IV-TR, el sistema clasificatorio DSM consideró necesario incluir el criterio de “exclusión por duelo”, con el objetivo de diferenciar la tristeza normal, vinculada a una pérdida, de un trastorno mental, como el trastorno depresivo mayor. En su última versión (DSM-5), esta excepción fue suprimida, dando lugar a una controversia que se extiende hasta nuestros días. El debate ha confrontado a quienes están a favor de mantener y extender la exclusión a otros estresores y aquellos que han querido erradicarla. Nuestra hipótesis es que estas posiciones darían cuenta de dos matrices clínicas y epistemológicas cualitativamente diversas ligadas a las trasformaciones mayores que han experimentado las ciencias de la salud y la psiquiatría. Mostramos que este debate involucró una renovación profunda del sentido de la práctica psiquiátrica, un cambio en la función del diagnóstico y el modo de concebir la etiología de la enfermedad mental, así como, una reformulación del estatuto del sufrimiento del paciente para el acto médico.

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