scholarly journals “One Must Remember Towards Tomorrow”*: A Pragmatic Study of the Expression of Memory in the Poetry of Juan Ramón Jiménez

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Barbara Pihler Ciglič
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
New Era ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Reflection Time ◽  
Juan Ramon Jimenez ◽  
Linguistic Fact

Starting from temporality as the organizing principle of any communicative situation, the present study investigates the use of verbal paradigms in Spanish when expressing memory and forgetfulness in a fictional speech act, such as poetry. Every text, including poetic, is a pragmatic unit of interaction in which an enunciator transmits a linguistic fact in order to awaken certain effects in the addressee. Nevertheless, successful communication depends not only on what is actually said, but also and above all, on what a reader or listener can deduce from what is said. Linguistic communication is not only an encoding-decoding process, but mainly the complementary process of ostension and inference, as Sperber and Wilson (1986) show within the theory of relevance. The explicit and implicit meanings of statements can always be understood only through the context, which is constantly changing as the presumption in the process of communication. Subsequently, the presumption that poetic language provokes a specific implicit meaning in the reader enables the establishment of complex relations between the significance and plurality of contexts within the lyrical discourses.The study focuses on two collections of poems, Eternidades (1918) and Piedra y Cielo (1919), written by the great Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, and explores the possibilities of explicit and implicit meanings of time and memory that are incited by the verbal paradigms. Both collections, which represent the beginning of a new era in the poet’s creation, are characterized by intense self-reflection. Time, forgetfulness and memory are, similar to the poetic word itself, the essential means that enable the poet to establish individual moments of eternity within the implications of lyrical communication.

scholarly journals “One Must Remember Towards Tomorrow”*: A Pragmatic Study of the Expression of Memory in the Poetry of Juan Ramón Jiménez

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Barbara Pihler Ciglič
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
New Era ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Reflection Time ◽  
Juan Ramon Jimenez ◽  
Linguistic Fact

Starting from temporality as the organizing principle of any communicative situation, the present study investigates the use of verbal paradigms in Spanish when expressing memory and forgetfulness in a fictional speech act, such as poetry. Every text, including poetic, is a pragmatic unit of interaction in which an enunciator transmits a linguistic fact in order to awaken certain effects in the addressee. Nevertheless, successful communication depends not only on what is actually said, but also and above all, on what a reader or listener can deduce from what is said. Linguistic communication is not only an encoding-decoding process, but mainly the complementary process of ostension and inference, as Sperber and Wilson (1986) show within the theory of relevance. The explicit and implicit meanings of statements can always be understood only through the context, which is constantly changing as the presumption in the process of communication. Subsequently, the presumption that poetic language provokes a specific implicit meaning in the reader enables the establishment of complex relations between the significance and plurality of contexts within the lyrical discourses.The study focuses on two collections of poems, Eternidades (1918) and Piedra y Cielo (1919), written by the great Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, and explores the possibilities of explicit and implicit meanings of time and memory that are incited by the verbal paradigms. Both collections, which represent the beginning of a new era in the poet’s creation, are characterized by intense self-reflection. Time, forgetfulness and memory are, similar to the poetic word itself, the essential means that enable the poet to establish individual moments of eternity within the implications of lyrical communication.

scholarly journals Conceptions of Speech Acts in the Theory and Practice of Argumentation: A Case Study of a Debate About Advocating

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Communication Challenges

Abstract Far from being of interest only to argumentation theorists, conceptions of speech acts play an important role in practitioners’ self-reflection on their own activities. After a brief review of work by Houtlosser, Jackson and Kauffeld on the ways that speech acts provide normative frameworks for argumentative interactions, this essay examines an ongoing debate among scientists in natural resource fields as to the appropriateness of the speech act of advocating in policy settings. Scientists’ reflections on advocacy align well with current scholarship, and the scholarship in turn can provide a deeper understanding of how to manage the communication challenges scientists face.

scholarly journals Linguistics meets economics: Dealing with semantic variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Adam D. Clark-Joseph ◽  
Brian D. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Cheap Talk ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Semantic Variation ◽  
Successful Communication

We explore here what happens in conversation when listeners encounter variation as well as change in semantics. Working within a general Gricean framework, and in ways somewhat akin to the “Cheap Talk” model of Crawford and Sobel (1982) and the “Rational Speech Act” model of Goodman and Frank (2016), we develop here a transactional view of communicative acts, based largely on insights drawn from economics. Taking a novel perspective, we build on what happens when communication misfires rather than examining what makes for successful communication. We see this effort as a demonstration of the utility of taking an economic perspective on linguistic issues, specifically the analysis of communicative acts.

A Listening-Centered Approach to Democratic Deliberation

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Mary F. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
Systematic Theory ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
What Is Said

Chapter 4 proposes a listening-centered alternative to empathy-based approaches to deliberation. The chapter begins by discussing how the concept of listening is used in everyday language and then introduces a more systematic “theory of listening acts.” Using the categories of speech act theory to identify corresponding categories of the listening act, the author distinguishes between auditory, perauditory, and ilauditory listening. With this listening act theory, the author shows that listening is more than simply hearing what is said (auditory listening). Similarly, listening should not be equated with the outcomes it brings about, including consensus or mutual understanding (perauditory listening outcomes). We also act in listening (ilauditory listening). In listening to our fellow citizens we enact the deliberative ideal, acknowledging that their perspectives are relevant to our collective judgements and decisions. The chapter shows that fair consideration is predicated on ilauditory listening, or what the author calls “performative democratic listening.”

scholarly journals Computing the meaning of the assertive speech act by a software agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Software Agent ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Situation Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the nature of the assertive speech act of Irish. We examine the syntactical constructional form of the assertive to identify its constructional signature. We consider the speech act as a construction whose meaning as an utterance depends on the framing situation and context, along with the common ground of the interlocutors. We identify how the assertive speech act is formalised to make it computer tractable for a software agent to compute its meaning, taking into account the contribution of situation, context and a dynamic common ground. Belief, desire and intention play a role in <em>what is meant</em> as against <em>what is said</em>. The nature of knowledge, and how it informs common ground, is explored along with the relationship between knowledge and language. Computing the meaning of a speech act in the situation requires us to consider the level of the interaction of all these dimensions. We argue that the contribution of lexicon and grammar, with the recognition of belief, desire and intentions in the situation type and associated illocutionary force, sociocultural conventions of the interlocutors along with their respective general and cultural knowledge, their common ground and other sources of contextual information are all important for representing meaning in communication. We show that the influence of the situation, context and common ground feeds into the utterance meaning derivation. The ‘<em>what is said’</em> is reflected in the event and its semantics, while the ‘<em>what is meant’</em> is derived at a higher level of abstraction within a situation.

scholarly journals The compliment as a speech act in Russian: A lexical-pragmatic study

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Ewa Komorowska ◽  
Anna Ohrimovich
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Pragmatic Study

The aim of the paper is to identify the linguistic exponents of Russian compliments. The examples which will be analyzed come from contemporary Russian. We will consider direct and indirect compliments, paying attention to such phenomena as presupposition and implicature as well as to the pragmatic functions of utterances. An analysis of communication strategies will allow us to present the specific features and role of compliments in linguistic communication in Russia.

Shared assumptions: Semantic minimalism and Relevance Theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL WEDGWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Content Sharing ◽  
Shared Content ◽  
Semantic Minimalism

Cappelen & Lepore (2005, 2006a, 2007) note that linguistic communication requires ‘shared content’ and claim that Relevance Theory makes content sharing impossible. This criticism rests upon two important errors. The first is a flawed understanding of Relevance Theory, shown in the application of an omniscient third party perspective to parts of Relevance Theory that depend only upon subjective judgements made by the addressee of an utterance. The second is confusion about different definitions of content. Cappelen & Lepore's evidence actually involves the communication of what they term Speech Act content, which need not be perfectly ‘shared’ according to their own position. Looking beyond this flawed criticism, a general comparison of Relevance Theory with Cappelen & Lepore's semantic minimalism reveals significant parallels, pointing to a notable convergence of two distinct approaches – one cognitive-pragmatic, the other philosophical-semantic – on the rejection of currently dominant assumptions in linguistic semantics. The key remaining difference is Cappelen & Lepore's claim that shared content is propositional. This contradicts other claims made for such content and in any case plays no active role in the explanation of communication. Cappelen & Lepore's position thus poses no threat to Relevance Theory; rather, Relevance Theory can benefit from their philosophical analysis of the state of semantic theory.

scholarly journals Truthfully Misleading: Truth, Informativity, and Manipulation in Linguistic Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Reboul
Keyword(s):  
World Views ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Context Dependent

Linguistic communication is geared toward the exchange of information, i.e., changing the addressee's world views. In other words, persuasion is the goal of speakers and the force of the speaker's commitment as indicated in the utterance is an important factor in persuasion. Other things being equal, the stronger the speaker's commitment, the easier the persuasion. However, if deception is detected, the stronger the speaker's commitment, the harsher the punishment, i.e., the damage to his or her reputation. One way for cheaters to avoid detection and/or to mitigate punishment is to downplay their commitment to what they mean through the utterance by making its content less informative, i.e., by producing underinformative utterances. Underinformativity is also a powerful way of triggering context-dependent and inference-based interpretation that goes beyond what is said. This allows speakers to indirectly communicate false content while producing an utterance that is literally true. This phenomenon of truthfully misleading is the topic of the present paper. As will be seen, it allows speakers to leave part of the responsibility for the false content to their hearers, with the triple effect that they can claim to have been misunderstood (plausible denial), claim that what they said was literally true, and explain the underinformativity of the utterance through ignorance.

scholarly journals Miłosz: Self-Reflection as the Topic of a Poetic Description

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Stelmaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Simultaneous Existence ◽  
Individual Consciousness

Czesław Miłosz’s poetry displays two reverberating topics which may be defined as contradictory existence and world experiences. One of those is the admiration for the beauty of the world and awe consequent upon capturing the simultaneous existence of individual entities (Amazement), whilst the other is the topic of the lack of fulfilment, torment, the feeling of lack of authenticity, blame, and shame (This).Miłosz depicted his “I” (represented by various personae), the split between individual consciousness, a strong sense of individuality, distinct from the commune of ordinary people (a strand salient in the pre-war volume Three Winters), at the same time nurturing a feeling of strong bonds with the society.The poet’s self-reflection holds for both topics, while the autobiographic discourse is orientated to the questions about the functions of the poetic language and about the status and sense of poetry, thereby addressing the self-topicality.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION OF THE WORD IN THE SPEAKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
F. Orazbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Conversational Style ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

Speaking, by being a part of the paradigm of linguistic communication, with the help of the emotionally expressive coloring of the word conveys the imagery of human thought. The Kazakh people attached particular importance to oral transmission and intelligible presentation of thought. Therefore, the oral conversational style, nature and oratory of Kazakhs have always been distinguished by originality and artistry. These questions in oral speech are reflected through the word. The article examines the features of the speaking process in theoretical and pragmatic aspects of the word. The main goal is to analyze conceptual and semantic problems aimed at understanding the word as a communicative unit. The actual problems of the speaking process today are the issues of the two-sidedness of the speech act, the ways of communicating thoughts and the use of language norms.

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