scholarly journals Philosophy in Taiwan: the Continuation of Tradition and the Creation of New Theoretical Paradigms

Asian Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Jana S. Rošker
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Chinese Intellectual ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

Taiwanese philosophers are playing a rather prominent role in the context of preserving the Chinese ideational tradition, even though their significance in this context is still widely unknown. The present article is thus focused upon the critical introduction of their work, and its positioning into the context of the political, economic and intellectual conditions of the second half of the 20th century. The role of the Taiwanese philosophy was especially important precisely in the period which begun in 1949 and lasted until the end of the century. In these five decades, the philosophical production on the mainland was mostly dominated by censorship, and the prevailing regulations of the Communist Party’s policies mainly demanded that researchers working in philosophy stayed in the field of the sinization of Marxism, whereby investigating the Chinese intellectual tradition was not so much in favour. The article clearly exposes the reasons for and significance of the preservation of continued research into Chinese ideational history in Taiwan, and points out that without this extraordinarily constructive role of the Taiwanese philosophers, these studies would have suffered immense damage. The author also shows that the work carried out by the Taiwanese philosophers was not merely important in respect of preserving the continuation of Chinese philosophical research, but also because they have at the same time created numerous innovative methodological and theoretical concepts that have fundamentally enriched the recent history of investigating and developing Chinese philosophy. In this regard, the author exposes and critically analyses some of the central philosophical concepts of Mou Zongsan, who is among the most important representatives of modern Taiwanese philosophy. Keywords:  Taiwanese philosophy, research in the Chinese intellectual tradition, Chinese philosophy, Confucianism, new concepts, new methodologies

More Lessons to Learn: Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology and Alternative Archives of Social Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Andreas Langenohl
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Alternative Archives

Abstract Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology has been written with the intention to offer lessons from the historical trajectory of economic redistribution in societies the world over. Thereby, the book suggests learning from the political-economic history of ‘social-democratic’ policies and societal arrangements. While the data presented speak to the plausibility of looking at social democracy, as understood by Piketty, as an archive for learning about the effects of redistribution mechanisms, I argue that the book, or future interventions might profit from integrating alternative archives. On the one hand, its current line of argumentation tends to underestimate the significance of power relations in the international political economy that continued after formal decolonization, and thus form the flip side of social democracy’s success in Europe and North America. On the other hand, the role of the polity might be imagined in a different and more empowering way, not just-as in Piketty-as an elite-liberal democratic governance institution; for instance, it would be interesting to explore the archive of the French solidaristes movement more deeply than Piketty does, as well as much more recent interventions in economic anthropology that deal with ‘economic citizenship’ in the Global South.

Bingo Capitalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Diverse Economies ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Gambling Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Political Economic

Bingo Capitalism uses bingo—a female-dominated and notoriously self-effacing game—to think differently about regulation and political economy. A key objective is to make bingo, as lens, more central to our debates about the regulation of economy and society. Part I sets the scene, responding to the query: why bingo? Part II explores the legal and political history of bingo. Part III analyses the regulation of people, while Part IV examines the regulation of products, places, and technologies. In so doing, the book uses bingo to better understand the role of the state in shaping the classed and gendered interrelation between diverse economies, especially in relation to non-commercial and commercial gambling. Bingo Capitalism offers the first sociolegal account of bingo as a globally significant and immensely popular pastime, centring implementation experiences alongside the broader political, economic, and social context to legislative reform. While considering the perspectives of lawmakers, who have debated what the game reflects about the nation and its economy, the book also centres the experiences of those who work in, and play, bingo, to trace how gambling law and regulation impact people in everyday life. The book identifies the central historical role of non-commercial, mutual aid play to UK gambling law and policy, and traces the ongoing relevance of this realm for current debates about the interrelation between capitalist and more-than-capitalist everyday economies. Bingo Capitalism also uses bingo as a case study of research into the gendered nature of regulation, showing how gender shapes, and is shaped by, diverse state rules on gambling.

From the history of the formation of the economic system of the Caliphate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (03) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Yegana Chaghlayan ◽  
Erhan Chaghlayan
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Social History ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tax Practice ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Umayyad Caliphate

The era of the rise and prosperity of the Caliphate puts before researchers many problems of political, economic and social history. Among these problems, the history of the formation of the economic system of the Caliphate is one of the most relevant for medieval studies. This article examines the process of feudalization in the Caliphate, in particular, the administrative and tax practice of the new state, the monetary reform of the Caliph Abd al-Malik, as well as the financial policy of the Umayyad Caliphate. Based on the extensive material of medieval sources and numismatic data the place and role of the city in the economic structure of the Caliphate are investigated.

scholarly journals Metaphor’s Role in the Information Behavior of Humans Interacting with Computers

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Sease
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Human Information Behavior ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gap Bridging ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Metaphors convey information, communicate abstractions, and help us understand new concepts. While the nascent field of information behavior (IB) has adopted common metaphors like “berry-picking” and “gap-bridging” for its models, the study of how people use metaphors is only now emerging in the subfield of human information organizing behavior (HIOB). Metaphors have been adopted in human–computer interaction (HCI) to facilitate the dialogue between user and system. Exploration of the literature on metaphors in the fields of linguistics and cognitive science as well as an examination of the history of use of metaphors in HCI as a case study of metaphor usage offers insight into the role of metaphor in human information behavior.</p><p>Editor’s note: This article is the winner of the LITA/Ex Libris Writing Award, 2008.</p>

Scientific Advice for British India: Imperial Perceptions and Administrative Goals, 1898—1923

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
British India ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic

In recent years there has been a continuing effort to place the history of scientific activity in Europe firmly in the political, economic and social contexts in which ideas and institutions have developed. Hitherto, however, comparatively little attention has been paid to the development of scientific institutions in the European colonial empires, or to the role of scientific activity in the commercial exploitation, civil government, or political development of individual countries.

scholarly journals The Imperceptibility of Style in Danto's Theory of Art: Metaphor and the Artist's Knowledge

CounterText ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Work Of Art ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Aesthetic Style ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artistic Theory ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Mind

Arthur Danto's analytic theory of art relies on a form of artistic interpretation that requires access to the art theoretical concepts of the artworld, ‘an atmosphere of artistic theory, a knowledge of the history of art: an artworld’. Art, in what Danto refers to as post-history, has become theoretical, yet it is here contended that his explanation of the artist's creative style lacks a theoretical dimension. This article examines Danto's account of style in light of the role the artistic metaphor plays in the interpretation of the artwork, arguing that it is unable to account for the metaphorical power he claims is embedded within the work of art. An artist's style issues from a unique perspective, the way an artist inhabits a specific spot in history. Though each person has such a perspective, when applied aesthetically, it is the key to the articulation of a unique historical meaning in the work of art. At the same time, artists' knowledge of their contribution remains cut off from this perspective, for they are unaware of their self-manifestation of the historical concept of style. This article makes the case that Danto's notion of style, based on Sartre's notion of being-for-itself, cannot fulfil the role he allots it in his theory because, at some level, artists must apprehend their style to create a work of art capable of functioning critically as a countertext. It is only through the apprehension of their style, and dialogical activity that takes place between the artist and the beholders, that the unseen body of artworld theory is formed. Without this, when oriented to the aesthetic, style provides no concept or theory for the mind to behold. This article presents an alternative approach to style that recognizes the role of theory in the creation of metaphor, which would circumvent this problem.

scholarly journals William Tolly and His Canal: Navigating Calcutta in the Lake-Eighteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-92
Author(s):  
Kaustubh Mani Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material History ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
A Company

This article studies the making of one particular canal in the port-city of Calcutta during the early years of English East India Company rule in Bengal. Major Tolly, a Company-servant, proposed to undertake the arduous task of opening up a navigable route connecting Calcutta with the eastern districts of the province for better trade and communication facilities. In the process, he was hopeful of making a good fortune for himself as well. But the sailing was not smooth. Tolly had to enter into various negotiations with the Company government regarding land, the right to hold property in Calcutta, and the role of the Company in defining those rights. He also faced difficulties with the local zamindars regarding collection of tolls, and the issue of maintenance of the canal. The Company administrators were also not unanimous in their opinions regarding these issues, which sometimes compounded the problem for Tolly. Through a discussion of the material history of this canal, this article proposes to look at the ways in which a mercantile power sought to create and consolidate its hold over a coastal enclave in a largely riverine province, negotiating and redefining a maze of seemingly incomprehensible political-economic considerations.

A New Approach to Islamic Intellectual Tradition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Unsal
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
New Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This article attempts to explain the state of contemporary Islamic Intellectualism. Additionally, it proposes a set of abilities, attributes, and responsibilities that Muslim scholars should possess to develop Islamic Intellectualism. To achieve this, this article first provides an analysis of the history of Islamic civilization, and the role of traditional Islamic Intellectualism in pushing the civilization towards new heights in the realms of societal organization, politics, culture, economics, and theology. Islam, as such, had experienced its first renaissance from the eighth to the sixteenth century. Today, the Muslim world is in need of a second renaissance. This is the context in which this article situates the ‘standards’ to which contemporary Muslim intellectuals must strive towards.

The Black Mafia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
American Society ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the historical role of African Americans in organized crime in Chicago. It begins with a brief overview of black migration and settlement in Chicago in order to elucidate the relationship between the city's black community and the larger political, economic, and social organization. It then traces the history of the ethnic vice industry that flourished in Chicago's African American community during the first half of the twentieth century. It also considers how policy gambling—a lottery gambling system in which players wagered a small sum of money on a combination of three numbers—became the most important form of vice activity in Chicago's black South Side, citing the role played by three men: Patsy King, King Foo, and Sam Young. The chapter argues that sophisticated African American organized crime groups existed in Chicago independent of white organized crime largely because of the segregated nature of American society. African American organized crime did not follow Italian organized crime but existed alongside Irish and Italian groups from the first days of syndicated vice.

scholarly journals Asia Comes to Main Street and May Learn to Speak Spanish: Globalization in a Poor Neighborhood in Worcester

2007 ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Driscoll Derickson ◽  
Robert J.S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Migration Stream ◽  
Latino Immigration ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Neighborhood ◽  
Middle Man ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Post Industrial

This paper considers how and why an Asian enclave of small businesses has appeared in a poor neighborhood characterized by Puerto Rican and other Latino immigration in the post-industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts. We begin by examining the role of the US in the world system, and argue that the US hegemonic role and specific political economic aspects of global capitalism (ie. deindustrialization) account for some of the migration stream. Next, using socio-economic and historical data, interviews, and observations, we outline the history of Worcester’s economy and immigration patterns. We demonstrate that the increasing economic inequality leaves few promising employment options for newcomers to Worcester. Drawing on existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurs and ethnic enclaves, we argue that some aspects of the literature appear to shed light on the Vietnamese enterprises which have so visibly appeared (e.g., ethnic niches), while others, (e.g., middle-man minority theory) are not now reflected in local conflict. We conclude by considering the prospects for immigrants to this neighborhood in light of its political economic context.

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