scholarly journals What is English music? The Twentieth Century Experience

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Niall O'Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
National Character ◽  
English Music ◽  
The 19Th Century

Many countries in the 19th century wanted to assert their national character, with music being one way of doing so. We can distinguish four ways in which in music national identity can be established: composers may use the folk music, they can base their music on folk music, they can set the words of a nation to music and the last possibility can be found in the idea of an association of certain music with specific events and festivities in a tradition. The author discusses in detail these four possibilities of the establishment of Englishness in music in 20th century.

scholarly journals Zakopane i Tatry fin de siècle. Jan Kasprowicz – podróże artysty

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 309-335
Author(s):  
Klaudiusz Święcicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the process of increased interest in Zakopane and Podhale culture in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Discusses the problem of highlanders acquiring national identity. Characterizes the environment of the intellectual and artistic elite of Zakopane. Attempts to analyse how fascination with the Tatra landscape and highlander culture influenced the formation of one of the myths that fund modern national identity. Tries to show how the artists influenced the development of Zakopane as a holiday spa. It also shows the impact of bohemia on the transformation of the culture of highlanders in the Podhale region. The second part of the article discusses the relationship of the poet Jan Kasprowicz with Podhale. His peregrinations to Zakopane and Poronin were presented. On the selected example from creativity, an attempt was made to analyse the poet’s fascination with the Tatra Mountains and highlander culture.

The role of the Qachaq movement in the development of national consciousness in Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Rafail Ayvaz Ahmadli ◽  
◽  
Lala Yashar Ahmadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the role of the "gachag movement (a form of rebel movement of fugitives)" in the formation of national self-consciousness in the north of Azerbaijan, the reasons for its occurrence, an appreciation of their struggle against the russian imperial regime and against the dishonesty of local oppressors by this regime, explores the causes of popular love, praise, protection and the creation of heroic epics about them. The article reveals the special activities of such famous fugitives who gained respect among ordinary people for their courage in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, us Gachag Nyabi from Gubadli (in the former Zangezur district), Dely Alu and Gambar from Ganja, Suleiman, Murtuza and Mamed-Bek Cavalier from Karabakh, Yusif from Zagatala, Karim Efendi oglu Gutgashenli from Nukha, Gachag Karim from Gazakh and the woman Gachag Gulsum from Shamkir popularly known as “Gachag Suleiman”. The article emphasizes not only the national character of the "gachag movement" in Azerbaijan, but also their contribution to the formation of national self-consciousness to a greater extent than the role of thinkers of that time. Key words: North Azerbaijan, national identity, the Russian imperial regime, the "gachag movement", the occupation of Russian imperia, the 19th century, the struggle, local beks (nobles), gentlemen (little nobles)

scholarly journals Twentieth-century astronomical heritage: the case of the Brazilian National Observatory

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Christina Helena Barboza
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
South American ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
South American Country ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Instruments

AbstractThis paper aims at contributing to the UNESCO-IAU Astronomy and World Heritage Initiative's discussions by presenting the case study of a 20th-century observatory located in a South American country. In fact, the National Observatory of Brazil was created in the beginning of the 19th century, but its present facilities were inaugurated in 1921. Through this paper a brief description of the heritage associated with the Brazilian observatory is given, focused on its main historical instruments and the scientific and social roles it performed along its history. By way of conclusion, the paper suggests that the creation of the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences with its multidisciplinary team of academic specialists and technicians was decisive for the preservation of that expressive astronomical heritage.

Scottish higher education and the Scottish parliament: the consequences of mistaken national identity

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Academic Network ◽  
The 19Th Century

The creation of a Scottish parliament in 1999 will crystallize a cultural crisis for Scottish higher education. Scottish universities retained their autonomy after the 18th-century union between Scotland and England because the union was about high politics rather than the affairs of civil society and culture. Unlike in England, the universities developed in close relationship with Scottish agencies of the state during the 19th century, and these agencies also built up a system of non-university higher education colleges. In the 20th century, the universities (and later some of the colleges) sought to detach themselves from Scottish culture and politics, favouring instead a common British academic network. So the new constitutional settlement faces Scottish higher education institutions with an enforced allegiance to the Scottish nation that will sharply disrupt their 80-year interlude as outposts of the British polity.

Unravelling the complexity of Mexican biogeographical patterns by naturalists in the 19th century: From Alexander von Humboldt (1769—1859) to Francis Sumichrast (1829—1882)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
FABIOLA JUÁREZ-BARRERA ◽  
ISOLDA LUNA VEGA ◽  
JUAN J. MORRONE ◽  
ALFREDO BUENO-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
DAVID ESPINOSA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
The 19Th Century

Gonzalo Halffter developed the concept of a transition zone in Mexico during the mid-twentieth century, when he superimposed the distributional patterns of different groups of Coleoptera, finding that some groups share a common biogeographical history. The complexity of the Mexican biogeographical patterns had already caught the eyes of nineteenth-century naturalists, who tried to discern some kind of order within this biotic complexity. Herein, we analyse the original studies of different nineteenth-century authors on the distributional patterns of different Mexican taxa, highlighting the main explanations provided by them. The complexity of the Mexican biota was interpreted by Humboldt as the result of the interaction between northern and southern floras, as a taxonomic peculiarity by Augustin de Candolle, as a strong biotic replacement by Alphonse de Candolle and Sumichrast, and as different dispersal stages by Wallace. Before the theory of evolution was accepted, different biogeographical patterns (endemism, diversity and taxonomic replacement gradients, among others) had coexisted without contradictions. Botanical and zoological regions first acquired a connotation of independent centres of creation, and the wider distributions (mainly disjunct distributions) later became the backbone of hypotheses concerning historical relationships between biotas based on a dispersalist model. Nevertheless, during the 20th century, the explanations of 19th century naturalists such as the limits between regions and biotic transition entered the biogeographical debate again.

Martin Luther in Norway

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarald Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Career ◽  
World War ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until 1814, Norway was under Danish rule, and the story of Luther’s reception in Norway is included in the story of Luther’s reception in Denmark (cf. Niels Henrik Gregersen’s article on Luther in Denmark). The Reformation was introduced in Norway in 1536 along with Danish rule and loss of Norwegian national sovereignty. Most pastors—some Danes, but gradually also more Norwegians—were educated at the University of Copenhagen and were strongly influenced by the training they received there. In the period of national awakening in the 19th century, national identity and Lutheran identity were more difficult to combine in Norway than in neighboring Lutheran countries like Denmark, Sweden, or Germany. This period lasted quite long after 1814 until a specific tradition for Luther’s reception was established in Norway. Along with the Luther renaissance in Germany and Sweden in the 1920s and 1930s, a new interest in Luther and the Reformation also emerged in Norway. Luther texts (primarily texts from his early career) were translated into Norwegian, a Luther Society was established, and the first academic dissertation dealing with Luther’s theology was published. On the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Reformation in Denmark/Norway, a comprehensive collection of essays was published in 1937 in order to reintroduce Luther and Reformation topics into religious and public debate. After World War II, scholarly research on Luther gradually increased in importance, and several Luther dissertations were published in international languages during the second half of the 20th century. In 1979 to 1983, six volumes of Luther’s writings were translated into Norwegian.

scholarly journals Dispute of Canons: Book Design Traditions at the Beginning of the 20th Century England vs France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Book Design ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The 19Th Century

The end of the 19th century in England and France was a time of active growth for publishing houses, newspapers, magazines, and printed materials in general. This contributed to the emergence of a huge number of artists who specialised and occasionally participated in the design of books. These artists won their places through constant competition based on the quality of their drawings. England and France were the centres of the new art of the book, but the views and approaches of representatives of this type of graphics differed from each other in these countries. Thus, the purpose of this report is to demonstrate the difference between the canons and principles of English and French book design at the turn of the twentieth century.

Dominican Ethnic Identities, National Borders, and Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorgia García Peña
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Racial Hybridity ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
National Borders

The formation of Dominican identity has been linked to the historical nexus that placed Dominicans in relationship to Haiti, Spain, and the United States. The foundational literature of the 19th century sought to shape national identity as emerging from racial hybridity through notions of mestizaje that obscured Dominican African roots. In the early to mid-20th century, at the hands of the Trujillo intelligentsia, these myths shaped legal, educational, and military structures, leading to violence and disenfranchisement. Since the death of Trujillo in 1961, Dominican writers, artists, and scholars have been articulating other ways of being Dominican that include Afro-Dominican episteme and accounts for the experiences of colonialisms, bordering, and diasporic movements. These articulations of dominicanidad have led to a vibrant, exciting, and incredibly diverse literary production at home and abroad.

On “Urgent Literature” and its Transformations at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Ekaterina I. Orlova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
20Th Century Literature ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Century Literature

“Urgent literature”, as journalism was called in the 19th century, underwent changes associated with both external factors and the internal logic of its own development at the beginning of the 20th century. Literature and journalism interact in many ways. The mechanisms of this interaction are still not well understood. The peculiarity of the Russian cultural situation lies in the unusually close connection in which not only journalism and literature developed in the 19th century, and especially at the beginning of the 20th century but also the way in which philology did. Poetics as a science is largely shaped by focusing on the current literary process, and the participation of leading scientists as critics noticeably increases the level of journalism.

La idea de libertad en la literatura romántica rioplatense

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Drozdowicz
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Argentina was born from the crossing of the ideas of “culture” and “barbarism”. Freedom was recognized as a driving force for its development from the beginning. Both works, Martin Fierro and Facundo, value and praise it (especially the first one), but always as a part of the civilization process undertaken by President Sarmiento, who accepted some people, forgetting about the victims of the Desert Campaign (1878-1885). The article reflects on freedom expressed by such authors as Sarmiento, Echeverría, Mármol or Gutiérrez. One of the lesser known authors, Lucio V. Mansilla, the author of Una excursión a los indios ranqueles (1870), is the one who sees the situation of the Indians with his own eyes, observing how the concept of freedom changes into its opposite when efforts are made to “civilize” Pampa and the border with the Andes by force. In the 19th century, only he was aware of the hypocrisy of the expected “progress”. Then, in the 20th century, there appear authors who want to renew patriotic consciousness. They suggest putting on a post -romantic “civilization” that is of little benefit to the nation. They see the falsehood in the concept of “freedom” when building an Argentine national identity, not including indigenous communities.

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