Influence of variety and management level on pearl millet production in Niger: I. Grain yield and dry matter accumulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Maman ◽  
S C Mason ◽  
S Sirifi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Management Level

scholarly journals Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on crop growth, development and yield in two contrasting pearl millet hybrids

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd ◽  
F. R. Bidinger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Vegetative Phase

SummaryThe phenotype of medium duration pearl millet varieties grown in West Africa differs from that of the shorter duration millets grown in India. African varieties are usually much taller, have longer panicles, fewer productive tillers, and a lower ratio of grain to above-ground dry-matter (harvest index). The effect of crop duration on plant phenotype was investigated in two hybrids using extended daylengths to increase the duration of the vegetative phase (GSl: sowing to panicle initiation). The two hybrids, 841A × J104 and 81A × Souna B, were considered to represent the Indian and African phenotype, respectively. Tiller production and survival, leaf area, and dry-matter accumulation and partition, were monitored over the season. Grain yield and its components were determined at maturity.The two hybrids responded similarly to the short and long daylength treatments. The duration of GSl was increased from 20 to 30 days, resulting in increased number of leaves, leaf area, and stem and total dry-matter accumulation; there was no effect on tiller production and survival, or on panicle growth rate. Grain yield was, therefore, the same in both GSl treatments, and harvest index (HI) was much reduced in the long GSl treatment owing to the increased stem growth. One evident effect of a longer GSl was on dry-matter partitioning between shoots; partitioning to the main stem (MS) was increased, whereas partitioning to the tillers was reduced.There was no difference in crop development, growth or yield between the two hybrids in either GSl treatment. The only significant differences were in the efficiency with which intercepted radiation was converted to dry matter, which was greater in 841A × J104 than in 81A × Souna B, and in the balance between MS and tillers; the grain yield of the MS was significantly greater in 81A x Souna B than in 841A × J104, but at the expense of number of productive tillers.The results demonstrate that both African and Indian phenotypes are equally productive under good agronomic conditions. The lower HI in longer duration African millets is a consequence of a much extended stem growth phase and therefore increased competition between stem and panicle during grain filling. Possible ways to increase grain yield in the medium duration African millets are considered.

Growth, mineral composition and grain yield of irrigated and rainfed millets and sorghum

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
D. K. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Low Sodium

SUMMARYSorghum bicolor, Pennisetum americanum, Echinochloa utilis, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Eleusine coracana were grown with and without full irrigation on an alkaline clay soil at Trangie, Australia. Dry-matter yields and forage quality changes with time were measured in the 1st year. Grain yield was recorded over 2 years.Dry-matter accumulation was initially most rapid in sorghum and Japanese barnyard millet. Sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet produced the most dry matter; these were the latest to reach head emergence. The early-maturing proso millet and foxtail millet produced only 7 and l i t dry matter/ha respectively. These two millets, like sorghum and pearl millet, had a high nitrogen: sulphur ratio and low sodium concentration in the forage. Finger millet had a lower nitrogen: sulphur ratio and a sodium concentration that was surpassed only by Japanese barnyard millet.Irrigated sorghum consistently produced the highest grain yields: over 9 t/ha. Yields from the millets were: foxtail 6·0, finger 5·0, proso 3·5, pearl and Japanese barnyard millet 2·8–2·9 t/ha. Special features of the millets are discussed.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

Tillage Effects on Soil Temperature, Shoot Dry Matter Accumulation and Corn Grain Yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
H. N. Hayhoe ◽  
J.L.B. Culley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Dry Matter, Nodulation and Nutrient Uptake in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as Influenced by Irrigation and Phosphorus

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Parihar ◽  
R. S. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Eastern India

SUMMARYThe response of chickpea to irrigation and phosphorus was studied at Kharagpur in Eastern India. Irrigation scheduling was based on the ratio between irrigation water applied and cumulative pan evaporation (ID/CPE), and had little effect on dry matter accumulation. Increasing the frequency and amount of irrigation reduced the number and dry weight of nodules per plant, which increased to a maximum 70 days after sowing and then declined. Irrigation significantly reduced grain yield as a result of excessive vegetative growth at the expense of pod formation. Application of phosphorus promoted nodulation and increased both nodule dry weight and the concentration of N, P and K in grain and stover. Uptake of N, P and K by the crop was also increased.

scholarly journals Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽  
Yu-Min Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

scholarly journals Residue and Potassium Management Strategies to Improve Crop Productivity, Potassium Mobilization, and Assimilation under Zero-Till Maize–Wheat Cropping System

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Madar ◽  
Yudh Vir Singh ◽  
Mahesh Chand Meena ◽  
Tapas Kumar Das ◽  
Venkatesh Paramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Actual Change

Understanding of the potassium (K) nutrient cycle and its microbial transformation of unavailable forms of soil K to plant-available K is crucial in any agroecosystem for strategic nutrient management through inorganic fertilizer, crop residue (CR), and microbial applications. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of crop residue and K management practices on crop productivity, K mobilization from native soil K-pool, and crop assimilation of K under a zero-till maize–wheat cropping system. The experiment consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha−1) and five K levels (0, 50%, 100%, 150% RDK [recommended dose of K] and 50% RDK + potassium solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Results showed that CR retention at 6.0 Mg ha−1 significantly improved grain yield (of maize by 10.17%; wheat by 9.87%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake and redistribution in native soil K pools (water soluble K (WSK), exchangeable K (EK) and non-exchangeable K (NEK)) at 30 and 60 days after sowing and at harvest as compared to no CR. Among the K management, 50% RDK+KSB reported significantly higher grain yield (of maize by 26.22%; wheat by 24.70%), dry matter accumulation, K uptake, and native K pools (WSK, EK, and NEK) at different growth stages compared to no K. Total K did not differ significantly due to residue and K management. The highest actual change of K reported with 6.0 Mg ha−1 CR (51 kg ha−1) and 50% RDK+KSB (59 kg ha−1) over control. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlation was found among grain yield, dry matter accumulation, K uptake, the actual change in K and different native K pools. It can be concluded that retention of 6 Mg ha−1 CR and supply of 50% K through inorganic fertilizer along with seed inoculation of KSB biofertilizers, improved crop growth, productivity by enhancing K assimilation as a consequence of the release of non-exchangeable K and through the application of CR and K treatments under a zero tillage maize–wheat system.

Sowing time and tillage practice affect chickpea yield and nitrogen fixation. 1. Dry matter accumulation and grain yield

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Horn ◽  
CJ Birch ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
JA Doughton
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Sowing Time

Mean protein concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the Darling Downs of southern Queensland have fallen below 10% in recent years, preventing farmers from obtaining 'Prime Hard' status (13.0%) for their wheat crop. Two management options, for improving this situation are applications of nitrogenous fertiliser in a wheat monoculture or inclusion of a legume in rotation with wheat. Long-term trials at Warra, on the western Darling Downs, resulted in the selection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as a useful grain legume cash crop with potential for improvement of its nitrogen (N) fixing ability through management. This 2-year study examined the effect of sowing time and tillage practice on dry matter yield, grain yield, N accumulation and N2 fixation in chickpea and the subsequent soil N balance. There were 3 sowing times during autumn and winter of each year using conventional tillage (CT). Zero tillage (ZT) was introduced after the first crop for all sowing times. Greater total dry matter yield and grain yield (4.18-5.95 and 1.63-2.25 t/ha, respectively) resulted from sowing in autumn or early winter than from sowing in late winter (3.39-3.86 and 0.97-1.22 kg/ha, respectively). The effects of tillage practice were variable, depending on growth stage. At harvest, ZT plots produced greater total dry matter yield (4.20 t/ha) and grain yield (1.94 t/ha) than CT plots (3.01 and 1.29 t/ha, respectively), whereas at the time of maximum dry matter, yield was higher under CT for autumn sowings, and under ZT for winter sowings.

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning and its relationship to grain yield in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Flood ◽  
PJ Martin ◽  
WK Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Stem Reserves ◽  
North Western

Total crop dry matter (DM) production and its components, remobilisation of stem reserves, and the relation of these to grain yield were studied in 10 wheat cultivars sown at Walpeup, Boort, and Horsham in the north-western Victorian wheatbelt. Between sites, all DM components decreased in the order Horsham > Boort > Walpeup. Differences between Boort and Walpeup were not always significant. Total DM at anthesis for Walpeu,p and Boort was in a similar range, and less than that for Horsham. Yields increased in the order Walpeup < Boort < Horsham. When data from the 3 sites were combined, leaf, stem (excluding cv. Argentine IX), and total DM were related to grain yield. Within sites, ear DM at anthesis was related to grain yield. Grain yield for all cultivars at Horsham and Walpeup and 5 cultivars at Boort was greater than the increases in crop DM from anthesis to maturity, indicating that pre-anthesis stored assimilates (stem reserves) were used for grain filling. Post-anthesis decrease in stem weight was inversely related to grain yield only at Horsham, which supports the view of utilisation of stem reserves for grain filling at this site. At Boort and Walpeup there was a similar negative trend, but values for 2 cultivars at each site were outliers, which weakened the trend. The wide adaptability of the Australian cultivars used in this study may be related to the differential remobilisation of stem reserves at each site. A measure of yield stability, however, was not related to stem weight loss during the grain-filling period.

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