Intestinal ameliorative effects of traditional Ogi-tutu, Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava in mice infected with Vibrio cholera

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the antioxidative properties of the mistletoe plant obtained from three different host species namely Psidium guajava, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa olifera lam. Study Design: Experimental Design Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: Crude methanolic leaf extracts were studied for their antioxidative properties; Iron reducing and Iron-chelating activities, Nitric oxide (NO) radical and 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and the lipid peroxidation and thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) methods. One way ANOVA was used for the result analysis with P<.05 for significant difference. Results: Mistletoes from Psidum guajava (MSPG) had significantly higher reducing property (0.16 – 0.20mg/mL); the chelating property of Mistletoes from Moringa olifera (MSMO) was significantly lower (45.7 – 58.9%); DPPH radical scavenging activity had no significant difference; and Nitric oxide scavenging activity was significantly higher in MSPG (72.1% in 75mg/mL) than the extracts from other hosts. MSPG had significantly higher TBAR inhibition using both FeSO4 (77.8% at 125µg/mL) and Sodium nitroprusside (61.6+1.0% at 125µg/mL) with an IC50 of 30.27µg/mL . Extract of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves from Psidium guajava had more antioxidative activities in the TBARs followed by Tapinanthus globiferus leaf extract from Vernonia amygdalina (MSVA). Conclusion: From the study, mistletoes from Psidium guajava had higher antioxidant activity compared to other hosts, which probably justifies its use for treatment of cancer in traditional medicinal practice.

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Flavonoids extracts from Psidium guajava, Vernonia amygdalina, and Azadiracta indica exhibited synergetic inhibitory activities against some food spoilage microorganisms

10.53858/arocfn01011521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Iyanuloluwa Oluwajobi ◽

Adamu Yusuf Kabiru ◽

Ali Audu Jigam

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Food Spoilage ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Spoilage Microorganisms

Background: Flavonoids from medicinal plants have been reported to be a possible alternative to synthetic drugs due to their antimicrobial activities. In the present study, flavonoids extracts from the leaves of Psidium guajava, Vernonia amygdalina, and Azadiracta indica were evaluated for antibacterial and anti-fungi activities against some microbial isolates from spoiled tomato fruit. Methodology: Food spoilage microorganisms were isolated from spoiled tomato fruit. Flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of P. guajava, V. amygdalina, and A. indica, and were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the isolated microorganisms using standard protocols. Results: The flavonoids extract demonstrated dose-dependent antimicrobial activities. Flavonoids extracts from V. amygdalina exhibited an inhibitory effect on C. tropicalis, K. pneumonaie, M. roseus, and P. aeruginosa with maximum inhibition diameters (MID) of 17.00±0.05, 25.00±0.45, 15.00±0.05, and 16.00±0.34 mm while the flavonoids from P. guajava exhibited inhibitory effects on the same organism with MID of 15.00±0.05, 14.00±0.10, 16.00±0.55, 15.00±0.43 and 14.00±0.05 mm respectively, while the flavonoids extract from A. indica exhibited the least activity on the bacteria and fungi isolates. Results of the MICs and MBC revealed that the gram-positive bacteria tested (M. roseus & S. faecalis) were more susceptible to inhibition by the flavonoids extract of the plants. The combination of total flavonoids from leaves of P. guajava and V. amygdalina exhibited higher and synergetic antimicrobial activities against all the tested organisms when compared with individual flavonoids extracts. This combination could serve as a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents for food industry.

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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Analysis of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava Stems on Bacteria Associated with Dental Caries

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2019/v3i430092 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

M. K. Nata’ala ◽

A. Y. Fardami ◽

M. H. Dalhat ◽

K. Sirajo ◽

I. Bashiru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Background: Chewing stick has long been used in many parts of Africa and the Middle East as a means of oral hygiene. Dry stems or Roots of different plants have been used in the process. Stems of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava are among the commonly used plants in Nigeria in cleansing teeth. Few attempts have been made to screen the antimicrobial activity of the stems of the trees on microorganisms isolated from teeth. Aim of the Study: The aim was to determine the Phytoconstituents and the antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava on Bacteria isolated from human teeth. Materials and Methods: Phytoconstituents of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the stems of Bitter leaf and Guava tree were determined using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the extract against some microorganisms isolated from teeth was determined using agar well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using standard methods. Results: Phytochemical screening of stems of the two plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and carbohydrates. Highest zone of inhibition of 9 mm and 10 mm was recorded on the ethanolic extracts of bitter leaf and Guava tree stems on Staphylococcus aureus respectively. MIC and MBC of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml for the ethanolic extracts of Bitter leaf stem on Klebsiella pneumonia, S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis were recorded. For the Guava, MIC and MBC of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml were recorded for the ethanolic extracts were recorded on S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Conclusion: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both plants show potential antibacterial activity against the microorganisms isolated from human teeth.

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