Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Activity of the Plasma of Healthy Subjects and those with Uterine Myomas by Scavenging the ABTS Radical+

Introduction: The oxidative stress and the deterioration of the antioxidant system demonstrated by the dosage of antioxidant enzymes and the by-products of lipid peroxidation are involved in the occurrence of uterine myomas. Objectives: To measure the antioxidant activity of the plasma of patients with uterine myoma and that of the plasma of their age-matched controls by trapping the free radical ABTS+. The study aims to confirm by another assessment technique. Results: The anti-free radical activities of the plasmas of patients with myomas and those of their respective controls vary from 1.3 to 6%. In addition, two cases were observed: either the anti-radical activity of the control subjects turned out to be slightly higher than that of the patients; or the anti-free radical activity of patients with uterine myomas was slightly stronger than those of their controls. In addition, our results showed that the anti-free radical activity of patients aged over 40 years is slightly higher than that of patients aged less than or equal to 40 years. Finally, the anti-free radical activity decreases with an increase in BMI and increases with the number of gestities and parity. Conclusion: Assessment of the total antioxidant capacity of blood by trapping the ABTS+ radical can be used to assess, at a certain threshold, the oxidative stress involved in the development of uterine myoma. This method can also be used to assess the effect of age, BMI, pregnancy and parity on the occurrence of myomas.

Assesment Of Antioxidant Activity Test Of KERSEN Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) And Epiphyte with DPPH (2.2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhidrazyl)

Antioxidant is very important to give protection against free radical activity and highlyreactive molecules that could lead in slowing the progression of degenerative disease.In case of degenerative disease, internal antioxidant cannot neutralize the increasingconcentration of free radical. Because of that, human needs external antioxidant.Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that is known for its antioxidant content.Plants containing antioxidant experience is kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Researchstudy to determine the antioxidant activity of Kersen plant and knows the differenceof antioxidant activity, based on the process of extract and infusion. Research wasdone by experimental study which was oriented in testing antioxidant activity in(Morinda citrifolia L.) extract and infusion. Extraction was done by using 96% ethanolas solvent, meanwhile infusion was made by using aquadest. Extract and infusionwas divided into group of concentration and antioxidant activity was tested byDPPH(2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhidrazyl) method by measuring the absorbance usingspectrophotometer at 520 nm wavelength. Percentage of DPPH inhibition and IC50then analyzed using linear regression analysis. Ethanolic extract of kersen leaf andepiphyte had IC50 value of 113,801 ppm and 98,7802 ppm, respectively. Kersen leafinfusion showed 191,7624 ppm IC50 values, besides its epiphyte had 131,6750 ppm.Antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura L. in the order from kersen leaf anepiphyte, and epiphyte extract has a higher antioxidant content than others.

Antioxidant Compounds from The Stem Bark of Syzygium samarangense L

Ogan ethnic community in South Sumatera has been used a decoction of the stem bark of Syzygium samarangense L (locally named “jambu air” in Indonesia) for hypertension medicine. Hypertension is a degenerative disease caused by free radical activity in the body. This study aims to scientifically prove the use of a decoction of the stem bark of S. samarangense so that its use by the Ogan ethnic community can be justified. The research began with fractionation of the stem bark by gradient solvents, and each fraction was tested for antioxidant activity. Isolation of antioxidant compounds from active fractions was carried out by chromatographic techniques. Antioxidant tests on fractions and pure compounds were carried out by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Based on spectroscopic data analysis and by comparing with literature, the pure compounds were identified as quercetin and gallic acid. Both of these compounds have strong antioxidant activity with IC50 quercetin 11.16 and gallic acid 11.43 µg/mL. This research proves that the use of the stem bark of S. samarangense for a degenerative disease by the Ogan ethnic community contains the truth.

Formulasi Sediaan Gel Sari Buah Duwet (Syzygium cumini) dengan Basis Karbopol 940 Sebagai Gelling Agent

Duwet fruit (Syzygium cumini) is a local Indonesian fruit that has many benefits. Duwet juice contains antioxidants that have DPPH free radical activity. But the use of duwet fruit is not practical for modern society. This research was conducted to formulate duwet juice into a gel-based carbopol 940 with the physical quality test of the gel. Duwet fruit extraction was tested for phytochemical screening qualitatively. The gel is made in 5 formulas namely I (100% aquadest: 0% ethanol 70%); II (75% aquadest: 25% ethanol 70%); III (50% aquadest: 50% ethanol 70%); IV (25% aquadest: 75% ethanol 70%); and V (0% aquadest: 100% ethanol 70%). The results showed that Duwet juice contained of flavonoid, polyphenols, and anthocyanins based on phytochemical screening tests. The formula of gel I, II, and III has fulfilled the pH requirements of 4.5-6.5, homogeneity, and spread capacity of 5-7 cm. Increasing the concentration of 70% ethanol in the gel formula will increase the pH value and spread capacity.

EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Aplysina sp. DIPESISIR PANTAI LEMBEH KOTA BITUNG

ABSTRACT Aplysina sp., is one of the marine biota, which forms the coral reefs that contain active compounds, whose percentage of activity is greater than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of the sponge Aplysina sp. Sponge sample Aplysina sp., obtained from the waters of the Lembeh Strait, Bitung. This research is an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of sponge Aplysina sp., with the DPPH method [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil] to analyze antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The results of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of the sponge Aplysina sp. Lembeh straits waters have antioxidant activity in each concentration test. The highest concentration has an antidote to free radical activity by reaching a percentage of 24,83%. Keywords : Aplysina sp., Antioxidants, Ethanol, DPPH ABSTRAK Spons Aplysina sp. merupakan salah satu biota laut penyusun terumbu karang yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang presentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari spons Aplysina sp. Sampel spons Aplysina sp. di peroleh dari perairan Selat Lembeh, Bitung. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ektrak etanol spons Aplysina sp.dengan metode DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan sprektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan ekstrak etanol spons Aplysina sp.di perairan selat lembeh mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujiannya. Konsetrasi tertinggi memliki aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas dengan mencapai presentase 24,83%. Kata kunci :Aplysina sp., Antioksidan, Etanol, DPPH

FORMULATION OF CREAM BODY SCRUB FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CASSAVA LEAVES (Manihot esculenta) AS ANTIOXIDANT

Background : Plant cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) are known flavonoid is efficacious as antioxidant. Antioxidant can prevent damage to the skin by reducing free radical activity. Purpose : The purpose of this study to determine the concentration of ethanol extract of leaves of cassava can be formulated into dosage cream body scrub which have antioxidant activity. Method : Cassava leaf extract obtained by maceration using 97% ethanol. Determination of antioxidant activity by the method of reduction of free radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl). Result : The ethanol extract of cassava leaves are formulated into dosage cream body scrub with concentration variations 0,0085 mg/mL (formula 1), 0,017 mg/mL (formula 2), and 0,0255 mg/mL (formula 3). Stability test preparation cream body scrub using cycling tests performed for 6 cycles. Preparation cream body scrub to formula I has a moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 158,16 µg/mL, formula 2 has an active antioxidant activity with IC50 66,59 µg/mL, and formula 3 has a stronger antioxidant activity with IC50 38,80 µg/mL. Conclusion : cream body scrub and cassava ethanol extract does not irritate so it is safe to use. Preparations cream body scrub well have the most activity at a concentration of 0,0255 mg/mL with IC50 38,80 µg/mL.

Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity from wild and in vitro cultivated Rhynchostele rossii (Orchidaceae)

Background and Aims: Rhynchostele rossii is an orchid native to Mexico known as gallinitas (little chickens) that is threatened due to overexploitation for ornamental purposes, as a consequence of which it is necessary to realize efforts for its conservation. To date there are no reports of phytochemical studies of this orchid, although it is well known that species of the Orchidaceae family are a good source of bioactive and nutraceutical compounds (e. g. vanillin). Therefore, the main objective of this research was to establish a R. rossii in vitro germination protocol for propagation and determination of phenolic compounds that contribute to its phytochemical knowledge.Methods: A specimen of a wild plant and some seedlings obtained by in vitro culture were dried, milled and their components extracted with MeOH; anti-free radical activity (DPPH), total phenols and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometric methods, and individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Key results: The root of the wild plant showed the highest content of total phenols and flavonoids with 121.60 mg GAE g-1 and 108.73 mg CE g-1, respectively, and the best anti-free radical activity with an IC50 53.63 μg ml-1. Extracts from seedlings obtained by in vitro culture also produced phenolic compounds, showing a total phenolic and flavonoid content of 37.35 mg GAE g-1 and 0.16 mg CE g-1, respectively. One coumarin (scopoletin) , three cinnamic acids (4-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and trans-cinnamic acid), three benzoic acids (vanillic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) and three flavonoids (quercetin-3-D-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside and kaempferide) were identified and quantified by LC-MS.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that R. rossii is a potential source of antioxidant metabolites that can be obtained by in vitro culture, without harming the wild specimens.

Antioxidant capacity profile of dewandaru leaf (extract eugenia uniflora l.): part of usadha Bali

Bali has around 50,000 usadha palm oil which is a source of untreated herbal medicine. One of the plants that have the potential as an antioxidant and is traditionally used by the community is Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) plant. Dewandaru containing tannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Dewandaru plants have antibacterial activity, antioxidants, and antidotes to free radicals. Making extract with six different solvents, among them methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform, and n-hexane. The measurements were taken of the reduction of free radical activity by observing the absorbance at the maximum wavelength with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer alternately on the six samples. Secondary metabolites contained in Dewandaru leaves, namely flavonoids, tannins, and quinones. The value obtained is IC50 methanol extract 5,857 ppm; n-butanol extract 8,893 ppm; ethyl acetate extract 15,203 ppm; n-hexane extract 162.7315 ppm; and chloroform extract 75,873 ppm. Methanol extract, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate have very strong antioxidant activity because <50 ppm; n-hexane extract has weak antioxidant activity (ranging from 150-200 ppm), and chloroform extract has strong antioxidant activity (ranging from 50-100 ppm). Major conclusions: Dewandaru leaves has the potential as a natural antioxidant in the treatment section of Usadha Bali.

Steroids as rescue therapy for vitamin A-induced acute liver failure

Antioxidant drugs form one of the mainstay therapies for pain management in chronic pancreatitis. Heightened oxidative stress and free radical activity is the target for the use of antioxidant therapy in chronic pancreatitis pain relief. One of the chief components of these drugs is beta-carotene, and vitamin A. Vitamin A is a proven hepatotoxic agent which can lead to liver injury ranging from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis. Here, we present a case of chronic pancreatitis who continued antioxidant therapy unsupervised for 7 years and developed vitamin A-induced acute liver failure, which was treated with prednisolone.