scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the knowledge and use of the female condom among Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1362-1374
Author(s):  
Philemon Dauda Shallie ◽  
Firoza Haffejee
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Background: The female condom (FC) is a critical component in a comprehensive and sustainable approach to prevent HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Objectives: This review provides comprehensive information about Nigerian’s knowledge and use of FC. Methods: We screened search output, evaluated study eligibility, and extracted data in duplicate. Data from similar studies were combined in a meta-analysis. Results: There was a significantly (p < 0.0001) high-level of awareness amongst the respondents. However, the use of the FC was very low at 5.5% among female respondents. There was a significant (p < 0.0001) difference between FC awareness and use. The main reasons for FC use were prevention of unintended pregnancy (55%) and STIs/HIV (31%). We observed a significant difference between reasons of non-use of the FC [F (5, 13) = 5.195, P = 0.0077]. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the sources of information on FC [F (3, 8) = 32.89, P < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Despite the high levels of awareness, especially among the female respondents, the use of the FC has remained extremely low even among the young, educated undergraduate students. There is aneed for robust and consistent advocacy to make the FC available and affordable. Keywords: Female condom; women; men; awareness; use; Nigeria.

scholarly journals Low versus high level of physical resemblance in simulation for the acquisition of basic surgical skill: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000797
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Consorti ◽  
Gianmarco Panzera
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Surgical Skill ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical Resemblance

BackgroundMany studies explored the use of simulation in basic surgical education, with a variety of devices, contexts and outcomes, with sometimes contradictory results.ObjectivesThe objectives of this meta-analysis were to focus the effect that the level of physical resemblance in a simulation has on the development of basic surgical skill in undergraduate medical students and to provide a foundation for the design and implementation of a simulation, with respect to its effectiveness and alignment with the learning outcomes.Study selectionWe searched PubMed and Scopus database for comparative randomised studies between simulations with a different level of resemblance. The result was synthesised as the standardised mean difference, under a random effect model.FindingsWe selected 12 out of 2091 retrieved studies, reporting on 373 undergraduate students (mean of subjects 15.54±6.89). The outcomes were the performance of simple skills and the time to complete a task. Two studies reported a scoring system; seven studies reported time for a task; and three studies reported both. The total number of measures included in the meta-analysis was 456 for score and 504 for time. The pooled effect size did not show any significant advantage in a simulation of a high level of physical resemblance over a lower level, both for the scoring system (−0.19, 95% CI −0.44 to 0.06) and for time (−0.14, 95% CI −0.54 to 0.27).ConclusionSimulations with a low level of physical resemblance showed the same effect as the simulation using a higher level of resemblance on the development of basic surgical skills in undergraduate students.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the female condom in preventing HIV and sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison B. Wiyeh ◽  
Ruth K. B. Mome ◽  
Phetole W. Mahasha ◽  
Eugene J. Kongnyuy ◽  
Charles S. Wiysonge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals Safety of Outpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan Yerneni ◽  
John F Burke ◽  
Pranathi Chunduru ◽  
Annette M Molinaro ◽  
K Daniel Riew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level I ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is being increasingly offered on an outpatient basis. However, the safety profile of outpatient ACDF remains poorly defined. OBJECTIVE To review the medical literature on the safety of outpatient ACDF. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature for articles published before April 1, 2018, describing outpatient ACDF and associated complications, including incidence of reoperation, stroke, thrombolytic events, dysphagia, hematoma, and mortality. A random-effects analysis was performed comparing complications between the inpatient and outpatient groups. RESULTS We identified 21 articles that satisfied the selection criteria, of which 15 were comparative studies. Most of the existing studies were retrospective, with a lack of level I or II studies on this topic. We found no statistically significant difference between inpatient and outpatient ACDF in overall complications, incidence of stroke, thrombolytic events, dysphagia, and hematoma development. However, patients undergoing outpatient ACDF had lower reported reoperation rates (P &lt; .001), mortality (P &lt; .001), and hospitalization duration (P &lt; .001). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicates that there is a lack of high level of evidence studies regarding the safety of outpatient ACDF. However, the existing literature suggests that outpatient ACDF can be safe, with low complication rates comparable to inpatient ACDF in well-selected patients. Patients with advanced age and comorbidities such as obesity and significant myelopathy are likely not suitable for outpatient ACDF. Spine surgeons must carefully evaluate each patient to decide whether outpatient ACDF is a safe option. Higher quality, large prospective randomized control trials are needed to accurately demonstrate the safety profile of outpatient ACDF.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of corn silage produced by scientific studies in Brazil - A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pagiel Bernardi Zardin ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro Alessio ◽  
Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
High Level

The objective of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis that compared the chemical composition of corn silage produced for different experimental purposes, i.e., by research groups that studied corn silage (SCS) or by research groups that only used corn silage (UCS) as a form of roughage. We analyzed 203 papers that were published between January 1994 and December 2014 and contained a total of 647 treatments and the analysis of 1701 silos. We found a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the dry matter (DM) content of SCS silage (33.00%) and that of UCS silage (30.64%). The DM contents of neutral detergent fiber for the SCS and UCS silage were high (54.72 and 55.14% DM, respectively) but were not significantly different from one another (P = 0.5936), and the acid detergent fiber content of the UCS silage (31.04% DM) was higher than that of the SCS silage (29.65%, P = 0.0214), which indicated that the UCS silage was less digestible than the SCS silage. This was also corroborated (P = 0.0064) by the mean content of total digestible nutrients (64.18% DM) in the UCS silage, which likely results from the lower level of care taken when using standard silage production methods, compared to that taken by SCS researchers. Therefore, we concluded that the corn silage produced by research groups in Brazil are not analyzed in full and that, as a result, there is a paucity of important information, such as the content of organic acids. In addition, we also found that corn silage produced in Brazil contains a high level of neutral detergent fiber.

Interdisciplinary Evaluations of Alleged Sexual Abuse Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1168
Author(s):  
P. Kienberger Jaudes ◽  
M. Martone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Investigative Interview ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
State Child ◽  
Physical Findings

Children who are alleged to have been sexually abused often go through gruelling interrogations to relate their experiences to adults and, even then, most are not viewed as reliable sources of information. The Victim Sensitive Interviewing Program (VSIP) was initiated to decrease the number of interviews endured by a child who allegedly had been sexually abused. The program brought together the disciplines involved in the evaluation of these cases: hospital-based social worker and pediatrician, state child protective agency worker, police, and assistant state's attorney. This team established a protocol for an investigative interview to be conducted by a team member. Pre-VSIP sexual abuse evaluations from 1985 and 1986 (38) were compared with VSIP evaluations (226) from 1987 and 1988. There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to gender or age of victim, physical symptoms, physical findings, sexually transmitted diseases present, age of perpetrator, or length of stay in hospital. However, there were significant differences between the two groups in (1) number of interviews, 11% pre-VSIP vs 79% VSIP receiving only one interview (P &lt; .001); (2) number of interviewers, 24% pre-VSIP vs 88% VSIP were interviewed by only one interviewer (P &lt; .001); (3) indicated cases of sexual abuse, 68% pre-VSIP vs 88% VSIP (P &lt; .006); (4) identification of the perpetrator, 71% pre-VSIP vs 85% VSIP (P &lt; .035); and (5) charges pressed if perpetrator identified, 33% pre-VSIP vs 60% VSIP (P &lt; .010). It is concluded that interdisciplinary evaluations of alleged sexual abuse in children not only decreased the number of interviews a child must undergo but also increased the likelihood of indicated cases, identification of the perpetrator, and charges being pressed. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that interdisciplinary teams be formed to assess alleged sexual abuse in children.

Impact of Vaginal-Rectal Ultrasound Examinations with Covered and Low-Level Disinfected Transducers on Infectious Transmissions in France

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Leroy ◽  
Fatima M’Zali ◽  
Michael Kann ◽  
David J. Weber ◽  
David D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vaginal Ultrasonography

Background.The risk of cross-infection from shared ultrasound probes in endorectal and vaginal ultrasonography due to low-level disinfection (LLD) is difficult to estimate because potential infections are also sexually transmitted diseases, and route of contamination is often difficult to establish. In France, the widely used standard for prevention of infections is through the use of probe covers and LLD of the ultrasound transducer by disinfectant wipes. We performed an in silico simulation based on a systematic review to estimate the number of patients infected after endorectal or vaginal ultrasonography examination using LLD for probes.Study design.We performed a stochastic Monte Carlo computer simulation to produce hypothetical cohorts for a population of 4 million annual ultrasound examinations performed in France, and we estimated the number of infected patients for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, cytomegalovirus, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Modeling parameters were estimated by meta-analysis when possible.Results.The probability of infection from a contaminated probe ranged from 1% to 6%, depending on the pathogen. For cases of HIV infection, this would result in approximately 60 infected patients per year. For other common viral infections, the number of new cases ranged from 1,600 to 15,000 per year that could be attributable directly to ultrasound and LLD procedures.Conclusions.Our simulation results showed that, despite cumulative use of probe cover and LLD, there were still some cases of de novo infection that may be attributable to ultrasound procedures. These cases are preventable by reviewing the currently used LLD and/or upgrading LLD to high-level disinfection, as recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety and stress and their associated social determinants in the Saudi college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Mohammad ◽  
Ibrahim Waleed Almakran ◽  
Ahmad Saleh Al-Montashri ◽  
Ammar Mohammed Mursi ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Married Students

Globally, students suffer from stress, anxiety, and depression in higher education and seek counselling since education process has negative impacts on mental health of some students. This study was aimed at measuring the depression, stress, and anxiety and their associated social determinants like (income, education, residence, marital status, and educational difficulties) in undergraduate students of Umm Al-Qura University (UQU). Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) validated from the original English version instrument by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) was used; A sample of 373 respondents through clustered sampling was drawn from the five randomly chosen faculties of the University. Data was analyzed by running ANOVA and t-test procedures in SPSS software. The study found that the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in the students was 30%, 60%, and 50% respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the stress levels of students of different colleges (p=0.000). Students’ stress levels were significantly higher (p=0.000) in the Applied Medical Sciences and in the final year students (p=0.015). Significantly high levels of depression (p=0.000), anxiety (p=0.000), and stress (p=0.000) were found in the students belonging to the poor economic strata. Depression (p=0.038), Anxiety (p=0.022), and stress (p=0.001) were statistically high in the students whose father had a low level of education. Statistically high level (p=0.028) of stress was also found in the students whose mothers had a low level of education. Students who reported educational difficulties had significantly (p=0.001) high levels depression. However, the results of stress, anxiety, and depression in married students and the location of the students’ variables were not found statistically significant. The findings may be useful for informed policymaking in the higher learning institutions and initiation of counseling provisions in the concerned faculties for the distressed students with a view to enhancing their educational outcomes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of female condom in preventing HIV and sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth KB Mome ◽  
Alison B Wiyeh ◽  
Eugene J Kongnyuy ◽  
Charles Shey Wiysonge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

IntroductionThe HIV pandemic continues to evolve with young women being the most vulnerable group to acquire infection. The presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) further enhances HIV susceptibility and also leads to long-term complications such as infertility and cervical cancer. The female condom is a self-initiated method for STI and HIV prevention but there are controversies on its effects. We aim to assess the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of the use of female condoms for prevention of STI and HIV acquisition among women.Methods and analysisWe will search Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry and reference lists of relevant publications for potentially eligible studies. We will screen search outputs, select eligible studies, extract data and assess risk of bias in duplicate; resolving discrepancies through discussion and consensus or arbitration. We will combine data from clinically homogenous studies in a fixed effect meta-analysis and assess the certainty of the evidence using the method for Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. We registered the planned systematic review with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in March 2018 and will finalise the search strategy in August 2018; conduct the searches and select eligible studies between August and October 2018; and collect data, conduct statistical analyses and prepare and submit the manuscript for consideration by a peer-reviewed journal between November 2018 and April 2019.Ethics and disseminationWe will use publicly available data; hence no formal ethical approval is required for this review. We will disseminate the findings of this review through conference presentations and publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018090710.

scholarly journals The relationship between attitude towards sports and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence in university students of sport science

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Ç.V. Koçak
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose : Studies on the relationship between university students' attitudes towards sports and bodily kinesthetic intelligence have not been reached in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the attitudes towards sport and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence levels of university students who studying in the sport science. Material : The study group is consisted 268 [n=107 - female, n=161 - male] students. The mean of the age of participants was 21.4 year [± 3.2]. Data was collected by personal information form, Undergraduate Students’ Attitudes Towards Sport Scale and the subscale of Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence of Multiple Intelligence Survey. SPSS 22 program was used in the analysis of the obtained data and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to determine whether the data showed normal distribution and the significance level was accepted as 0.05 in the analyses. Data were not normally distributed. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the data of gender and regularly exercise variable. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the age, university, department, and welfare level. Mann Whitney U test was used to determine the significant difference. Spearman Correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between the attitudes towards sport and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Results : As a result of the research, a high level of significant correlation was found between attitudes towards sports and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Also, a significant difference was found between regularly exercise and welfare levels [p<0.05]. There was no significant difference in gender, age, university and department variables [p>0.05]. Conclusions : The level of participating in sports and the level of welfare supports the attitude towards sports and the developing of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Likewise, as the attitude towards sports increases positively, bodily kinesthetic intelligence also increases positively.

scholarly journals Safety of Outpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan Yerneni ◽  
John F Burke ◽  
K Daniel Riew ◽  
Vincent C Traynelis ◽  
Lee A Tan
Keyword(s):  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Abstract INTRODUCTION Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most prevalent surgical procedures and is used to treat several cervical spinal pathologies, including herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, and spondylosis. With the increasing prevalence of ACDF procedures, this procedure has become an excellent target for clinical optimization. Indeed, in recent years, ACDF has become increasingly offered on an outpatient basis. To date, the incidence and dynamics of perioperative complications and safety surrounding outpatient ACDF remain poorly resolved. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature for articles published by April 2018 describing outpatient ACDF and associated complications, including incidence of reoperation, stroke, thrombolytic events, dysphagia, hematoma, and mortality. A random-effects analysis was performed comparing overall and specific complications between the inpatient and outpatient ACDF groups. RESULTS We identified 21 articles that satisfied the selection criteria, of which 15 were comparative studies. Most of the existing studies were retrospective, with a lack of level I or II studies on this topic. We found no statistically significant difference between inpatient and outpatient ACDF in overall complications, incidence of stroke, thrombolytic events, dysphagia, and hematoma development. However, patients undergoing outpatient ACDF had lower reported reoperation rates (P < .001), mortality (P < .001), and hospitalization duration (P < .001). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicates that there is a lack of high level of evidence studies regarding the safety of outpatient ACDF. However, the existing literature suggests that outpatient ACDF can be safe, with low complication rates comparable to inpatient ACDF in well-selected patients. Patients with advanced age and comorbidities such as obesity and significant myelopathy are likely not suitable for outpatient ACDF. Spine surgeons must carefully evaluate each patient to decide whether outpatient ACDF is a safe option.

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