\'We Remember\': A report of the post-traumatic experience after a major disaster in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Oyeledun
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Post Traumatic

Relations of Post-traumatic Growth and Resilience in Cancer Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S672-S672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Uzar Ozcetin ◽  
D. Hicdurmaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Cancer Experience

IntroductionEach individual experience cancer in a different way. While some perceive cancer as a complex and traumatic experience by developing some psychosocial and additional physical problems, others overcome cancer-related difficulties by gaining benefits such as post-traumatic growth (PTG) owing to their resilience. Resilience and PTG that are very valuable concepts in human life to adapt positively to cancer process have relations which need to be better understood.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a better understanding of relations between resilience and PTG and relations of these two concepts with cancer experience.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsSuccessful adjustment to life-threatening illnesses such as cancer, require resilience. On the other hand, resilience provides a barrier toward stressors by helping improvement of PTG and so, is an antecedent factor of PTG. PTG ensures a deeper perspective and strength to people after traumatic events. Hence, individuals having higher levels of PTG feel powerful enough to handle the problems in their life and can easily adapt to cancer process by focusing on the positive outcomes of trauma, having improved coping mechanisms and an improved psychological well-being.ConclusionsResilience and PTG have strong mutual relations and this phenomenon should be considered for a qualified cancer care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Growth in Cancer Survivors: Narrative Markers and Functions of The Experience's Transformation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Martino ◽  
Maria Francesca Freda
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Transformative Function ◽  
The Relationship

The concept that a traumatic experience, such as a cancer, can lead to a positive change and transformation of self, life and relationships was named as post-traumatic growth (PTG). A large amount of research measured PTG in cancer survivors arguing an interpretation of the construct as an outcome. Recently, qualitative research shows different types of narrative of PTG, but the narrative markers and their functions of transformation remain still unclear. Within a mixed-method, we aim to highlight the narrative markers and their transformative functions, underlying the PTG, within 12 cancer survivors’ narratives with medium/high and medium/low level of PTG. A redemptive sequence analysis was carried out. In the narratives with high/medium PTG we find a specific transformative function on-thinking focused transformation founded on the change/expansion of the own internal criteria to interpret the relationship with the world centralizing the self in the present and future; in the narratives with medium/low PTG we find an on-acting focused transformation, founded on the change of the operational procedures aimed to live centered on the present and on its moments.

A Case of Delayed Post-traumatic Stress Disorder with ‘Organic Memories’ Accompanying Therapy

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Organic Memories

A case of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a road traffic accident in which the onset of symptoms was delayed for 18 months until a widely reported major disaster occurred is described. A severe major depressive episode was precipitated, requiring treatment in its own right. During psychotherapy sessions, extreme emotions, heightened sensations, and ‘organic memories’ relating to the original accident were experienced.

Narrative reconstruction and post-traumatic growth among trauma survivors: The importance of narrative in social work research and practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Jirek
Keyword(s):  
Life Stories ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Narrative Reconstruction ◽  
Post Traumatic

A substantial body of theoretical work on meaning-making processes postulates that assisting clients in reconstructing their personal narratives in the aftermath of trauma helps survivors to integrate the traumatic experience into their identities and life stories. However, the relationship between trauma survivors’ (re-)construction of a coherent life narrative and their development of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has rarely been explored. In this study, I conducted life story interviews with 46 university students with trauma histories to examine: (1) How, and to what degree, trauma survivors (re-)construct a coherent life narrative; and (2) If and how this process is connected to the development of PTG. I found that survivors who were able to articulate a coherent story about their lives experienced more PTG, and I identified key characteristics of three stages of post-trauma change. I also found that trauma-related therapy, writing, informal conversations, and self-reflection played important roles in the narrative reconstruction process. I argue that some narratives are easier to reconstruct than others because not all narratives are equally valued in society. The presence or absence of narratives in the discursive environment, the reception these stories receive within society, and the access that individuals have to these narratives are influenced by the historical moment, social norms, politics, power, privilege, and individuals’ social locations. To promote empowerment and social justice, social workers should help trauma survivors to reconstruct their life stories, create spaces for the less-welcomed narratives, and engage in mezzo- and macro-level efforts to address social problems and inequalities.

scholarly journals When trust is lost: the impact of interpersonal trauma on social interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Benjamin Robinson ◽  
Cornelius Katona ◽  
Anne-Kathrin Fett ◽  
Sukhi Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Trust Games ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundTrauma due to deliberate harm by others is known to increase the likelihood of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This is the first study investigating basic and dynamic trust in ‘interpersonal’ PTSD.MethodsThirty-two participants with PTSD and 22 healthy controls played a novel multi-round version of a monetary investment protocol, the so-called ‘Trust Game’, a task from the behavioural economics literature, which is considered to involve trust and reciprocity. We used two ‘Trust Games’ including cooperative and unfair partners.ResultsFindings showed an effect for lower basic investment in PTSD compared to healthy controls, that trended towards significance (p = 0.09). All participants showed behavioural flexibility and modified their trust based on behavioural cues from their cooperative and unfair game partners. However, participants with PTSD made significantly lower investments towards the cooperative partner than controls. Investments towards the unfair partner did not differ between groups. Higher trauma scores were associated with lower levels of trust-related investments towards the cooperative but not the unfair game partner.ConclusionThe association between reduced trust towards cooperative others in individuals who experienced interpersonal trauma could indicate acquired insensitivity to social rewards or inflexible negative beliefs about others as a sequel of the traumatic experience, which increases in a dose response relationship with the severity of the trauma. A specific focus on cooperation and trusting behaviour could provide a treatment target for future cognitive and pharmacological interventions.

scholarly journals Music as post-traumatic discourse: Nikolay Myaskovsky’s Sixth Symphony

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Patrick Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Emotional Numbing ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Musical Symbolism ◽  
Post Traumatic

This essay explores ways in which musicologists might extend work undertaken by humanities scholars in the interdisciplinary field of trauma studies that has highlighted the centrality of traumatic experience to modernist creativity. It is focussed around a case study of a musical composition that represents the emotional aftermath of a traumatic event, the Sixth Symphony of the Soviet composer Nikolay Myaskovsky (1923). A central concern is to demonstrate how the symphony’s musical symbolism is strikingly evocative of typical features of post-traumatic mentation, such as dissociation and emotional numbing, and the inhibition of the ability to mourn. It closes by considering the potential implications of the findings for understanding work by other modernist composers.

The Role of Glucocorticoids in the (Mal)adaptive Response to Traumatic Experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Cohen ◽  
Joseph Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Basic Facts

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a major role in orchestrating the complex physiological and behavioral reactions essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. These compounds enable the organism to prepare for, respond to, and cope with the acute demands of physical and emotional stressors and enable a faster recovery with passage of the threat. A timely and an appropriate GC release commensurate with stressor severity enables the body to properly contain stress responses so as to promote recovery by rapidly restoring homeostasis. Inadequate GC release following stress not only delays recovery by disrupting biological homeostasis but can also interfere with the processing or interpretation of stressful information that results in long-term disruptions in memory integration. A salient example of such an impaired post-traumatic process is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The findings from recent animal models and translational and clinical neuroendocrine studies summarized in this chapter provide insights shedding light on the apparently contradictory studies of the HPA-axis response to stress. Also included is a review of the basic facts about PTSD and biological data.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress reactions in survivors of the 2011 massacre on Utøya Island, Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grete Dyb ◽  
Tine K. Jensen ◽  
Egil Nygaard ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Trond H. Diseths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundAlthough youths in many countries have been exposed to terrorism, few studies have examined early risk and protective factors for the subsequent development of mental health problems.AimsTo investigate the levels of post-traumatic stress in survivors of the 2011 massacre on Ut⊘ya Island compared with the general population in Norway, and to identify predictive factors.MethodFour hundred and ninety survivors were invited to participate. Structured face-to-face interviews were performed 4–5 months after the attack.ResultsThere were 325 study participants (response rate 66%). Survivors had been highly exposed to danger and loss. Post-traumatic stress levels were more than six times higher in survivors than in the general population. Predictors were female gender, minority ethnic status, high level of trauma exposure, pain, the loss of someone close and social support.ConclusionsSurvivor characteristics that can be assessed in the early aftermath of a terrorist attack strongly predict the subsequent mental health problems of exposed youths. The highly elevated symptoms observed were largely attributable to the traumatic experience and reflect the mental health costs of the terrorist attack.

Another Look at the Legal and Ethical Consequences of Pharmacological Memory Dampening: The Case of Sexual Assault

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Chandler ◽  
Alexandra Mogyoros ◽  
Tristana Martin Rubio ◽  
Eric Racine
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Intense Fear ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Clinically Significant

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a “young” disorder formally recognized in the early 1980s, although the symptoms have been noted for centuries particularly in relation to military conflicts. PTSD may develop after a serious traumatic experience that induces feelings of intense fear, helplessness or horror. It is currently characterized by three key classes of symptoms which must cause clinically significant distress or impairment of functioning: (1) persistent and distressing re-experiencing of the trauma; (2) persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness; and (3) persistent symptoms of hyper-arousal. One of the possible symptoms within the second class is difficulty in remembering an important aspect of the traumatic event.PTSD is not an uncommon condition, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of about 7-9% based on studies conducted in the United States and Canada, with women at higher risk than men. While not everyone who experiences a significant trauma will go on to develop PTSD, about a third will do so. Sexual assault, along with other forms of assaultive violence, pose a comparatively high risk of PTSD.

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