scholarly journals PCR Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in Microscopically Positive Stool Samples of Hospital Patients in Soroti, Eastern Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ekou ◽  
JI Nakavuma ◽  
J Erume ◽  
M Ocaido
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Eastern Uganda

scholarly journals Detection and Enumeration of the Commonest Stool Parasites Seen in a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vani Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Stool Samples

The aim of this study was to identify common stool parasites in patients attending a tertiary care centre in South India. We evaluated 2355 stool samples and parasites were detected in 7.9% of samples. 41.1% of our patients were in the 45–58-year age group. Protozoal infections were the commonest seen in 7.8% of samples. Entamoeba histolytica was the commonest protozoa (4.6%) followed by Entamoeba coli (1.2%) and Giardia (0.8%). Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli were together seen in 0.63%, and they were the commonest organisms seen in samples with multiple-organism infection. Both were equally detected in diarrheal samples.

Highly sensitive and specific detection of Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. in human stool samples by the BD MAX™ Enteric Parasite Panel

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijo Parčina ◽  
Ingrid Reiter-Owona ◽  
Frank P. Mockenhaupt ◽  
Valerija Vojvoda ◽  
Jean Bosco Gahutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in Children in Kadhmiyah Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Amjed Qays Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Stool Samples

In this study we collect 1520 stool samples during the period from September to December 2010 from children whom their ages between 1 month - 12 years. The results showed that the total infection of Entamoeba histolytica was 9.80% , and Giardia lamblia was 1.77%. And the male ratio that infected with Entamoeba histolytica was 9.83% , while the female ratio was 9.74%; and the male infected with Giardia lamblia was 1.51% , while the female ratio was 2.18%. The result showed that the high average of infection with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in age group from 1 month to 2 years. And there is no significance difference between gender and infectivity rate of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia under P≤0.05. Also it showed that there were significant relation between Age group and infectivity rate of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Gonzales ◽  
Enrique Joffre ◽  
Rosario Rivera ◽  
Åsa Sjöling ◽  
Ann-Mari Svennerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Samples

The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, in children who suffered from diarrhoea (n = 3943) or did not have diarrhoea (n = 1026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (<1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P = 0.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April–September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October–March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.

scholarly journals An Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) from Entamoeba histolytica Is Involved in the Detoxification of Toxic Aldehydes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Constantin König ◽  
Martin Meyer ◽  
Corinna Lender ◽  
Sarah Nehls ◽  
Tina Wallaschkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

Recently, a putative alcohol dehydrogenase 3, termed EhADH3B of the Entamoeba histolytica isolate HM-1:IMSS was identified, which is expressed at higher levels in non-pathogenic than in pathogenic amoebae and whose overexpression reduces the virulence of pathogenic amoebae. In an in silico analysis performed in this study, we assigned EhADH3B to a four-member ADH3 family, with ehadh3b present as a duplicate (ehadh3ba/ehadh3bb). In long-term laboratory cultures a mutation was identified at position 496 of ehadh3ba, which codes for a stop codon, which was not the case for amoebae isolated from human stool samples. When using transfectants that overexpress or silence ehadh3bb, we found no or little effect on growth, size, erythrophagocytosis, motility, hemolytic or cysteine peptidase activity. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant EhADH3Bb revealed that this protein forms a dimer containing Ni2+ or Zn2+ as a co-factor and that the enzyme converts acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of NADPH. A catalytic activity based on alcohols as substrates was not detected. Based on the results, we postulate that EhADH3Bb can reduce free acetaldehyde released by hydrolysis from bifunctional acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase-bound thiohemiacetal and that it is involved in detoxification of toxic aldehydes produced by the host or the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Genotype-specific detection of Giardia lamblia in stool samples of diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masud Alam ◽  
Mohammad Ilias ◽  
Md Abdullah Siddique ◽  
Md Mamun Kabir ◽  
Farida Nazib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Giardia Cyst ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Assemblage B

Two major genotypic assemblages (A and B) of Giardia lamblia infect humans. A single-vessel multiplex real-time PCR assay was used that genotypes Giardia infections into assemblages A and/or B directly from fecal samples. In this study, 157 diarrhoeal (symptomatic) and non-diarrhoeal (asymptomatic) stool samples collected from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital, respectively were analyzed to determine whether an association exists between infections with G. lamblia assemblages A or B and diarrhea in Bangladesh. Of the 157 stool samples, Giardia cysts were observed in 35 by microscopy and 127 showed positive result for Giardia cyst specific antigen. The 127 ELISA positive samples were assayed for genotyping by real?time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 117 real-time PCR positive stool samples, 15 were positive for G. lamblia assemblage A, 96 were positive for assemblage B and 6 samples showed positive result for both G. lamblia assemblage A and B infections. Higher ratios for diarrhea were observed for assemblage A infections, whereas higher parasite DNA loads and a higher overall rate were observed for assemblage B infections in both diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients. Real-time PCR is, therefore, useful as an additional test supplementary to microscopy or enzyme immunoassay to detect genotypes of Giardia. Key words: Giardia lamblia; Genotypes; Multiplex real-time PCR; Immunoassay DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8979 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 183-189

scholarly journals Suspected spread of hepatitis A virus from a restaurant among adults in rural area of the Kerala state, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Gurav ◽  
G. Retheesh Babu ◽  
K. P. Vinu ◽  
K. S. Lole
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
First Case ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Kerala State

AbstractIndia is experiencing a substantial decrease in early childhood exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV). Kerala has experienced several hepatitis A outbreaks in young adults/adults in the recent past. The current hepatitis outbreak occurred in Nellikuzhi, Kerala state, India in December 2016. Investigation was carried by preparing a line list of suspected hepatitis cases. The blood and stool samples collected from patients were tested for anti-HAV/anti-Hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin (IgM) antibodies and RNA respectively. A total of 562 suspected hepatitis cases were reported during the outbreak. Along with the first case (35 years, male), 86.1% (484/562) of the cases gave history of consuming food/water/cold drinks from one restaurant. Anti-HAV IgM positivity was 74.5% (73/98) in tested samples and amongst the positives, 81% were adults/young adults and adolescents. None of the samples tested positive for anti-HEV IgM. There were three HAV associated deaths without any co-morbidity. Sequence analysis of HAV RNA positive stool samples showed the presence of genotype IIIA HAV. The suspected source of the infection was a private well situated in the premise of a restaurant. Considering increasing HAV naive population in Kerala, there is a need to introduce hepatitis A vaccine in high-risk age groups.

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