scholarly journals Analysis of respirable and inhalable particle in Obaretin during dry season

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
T.F. Ediagbonya ◽  
E.E. Ukpebor ◽  
F.E. Okieimen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Mean Concentration

Application of effective abatement plan to curtail particulate matter is only conceivable when the emission sources have been uniquely identified and characterized. SKC high volume gravimetric sampler Model 210-5000, serial no 20537 and respirable foam were used to capture the respirableparticle and the inhalable particle at five different locations in Obaretin between December 2008 to April 2009. The foam and the glass fibre filter were analyzed for trace metals (NI, Cr, Zn, Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Cd) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric, (AAS). From the analysed trace metals Ni and Co were below detection limit and the trace metal Cd was moderately enriched. The total mean concentration values of the analyzed trace metals for inhalable particle (Fe: 1.70ssmg/m3 , Zn:0.0532mg/m3, Cu:0.1370mg/m3, Mn:0.034mg/m3, Cd:0.04452mg/m3, Pb: 0.15226mg/m3, Cr: 0.0070mg/m3). Trace metals in respirable particles, the total mean concentration values of the analysed trace metals are: (Fe: 1.4536mg/m3, Zn:0.0456mg/m3, Cu:0.1206mg/m3, Mn:0.1130mg/m3, Cd:0.2098mg/m3, Pb:0.13560mg/m3, Cr: 0.10000mg/m3) Ni and Co were below detection limit. The spatial distribution were insignificant (P>0.05). The values obtained in this study violated the available WHO limit and fell within the purview of OSHA limit.

Some Data on Elemental Composition of Airborne Particulate Matter in the Northern Negev Desert, Israel

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Y. Offer ◽  
Yosef Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Airbone particulate samples were collected during 1989 in the northern Negev desert, Israel, using two Sierra ultra-high-volume dust samplers with cascade impactors on glass-fibre filters. A total of 12 elements were detected, of which only eight were present in relatively high concentrations, as was indicated by using an x-ray spectra XL-LINK system. During the study period, the mean annual airborne concentration was 102 μg·m−3, with a minimum and maximum concentration of 0.17 and 1.376 μg·m−3 per 12 hours, respectively. Eight elements (A1, Si, Ca, S, K, Cl, Fe, and Ti) were found in relatively high concentrations.

scholarly journals The Study of PM10 Concentration and Trace Metal Content in Different Areas of Karachi, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Farooq Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Air Sampler

Atmospheric particulate matter may exert serious health hazards because of its chemicalcharacteristics. Aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with anaerodynamic diameter <10 mm (PM10), and air transmitted particulate trace metals in different areas ofKarachi’s ambient air, for the period of 01 year viz. June 2011 to June 2012. Furthermore, the present workcompares the levels of particulate matter and trace metals with the proposed limiting values from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (65 mg/m3 for PM10). The sampling for PM10 was performed by usinga high volume air sampler. The PM10 levels were determined by gravimetry and the metals by graphitefurnace. Arithmetic means of 361.0 mg/m3 was determined for PM10 in commercial areas, 275.0 mg/m3 inresidential areas, 438.0 mg/m3 in industrial areas and 68.9 mg/m3 in background areas of Karachi. Tracemetal content in PM10, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were also analysed separately during the sameperiod using atomic absorption spectrometry. The average concentration of Pb were found in commercialzone 1.36 mg/m3, in residential zone 1.0 mg/m3, in industrial zone 1.46 mg/m3 and in urban backgroundzone 0.6 mg/m3, whereas; Cd concentration in commercial zone 0.10 µg/m3, in residential zone 0.02 µg/m3,in industrial zone 0.25 µg/m3 and in urban background zone 0.01 µg/m3, respectively.

Spatial distribution of labile and total forms of copper and zinc in sediments from the Port of Gdansk

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Radke ◽  
Grażyna Dembska ◽  
Barbara Aftanas ◽  
Aneta Kowalczyk ◽  
Jerzy Bolałek
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Grain Size Fractions

Spatial distribution of labile and total forms of copper and zinc in sediments from the Port of GdanskSediment cores were collected from a number of sites in the Port of Gdansk in 1997 and 1998. The samples were segregated by depth then dried, homogenised and sieved into four grain size fractions (>2.00 mm, 2.00 - 0.063 mm, 0.063 - 0.032 mm, and 0.032 mm) Small-grained sand with a low admixture of silt predominated in all samples, whilst the amount of organic matter and water varied between samples. The 2.00 - 0.063 mm size fraction was the most abundant; and also showed the highest accumulation of trace metals. In the >2.00 mm size fraction the mean concentration of labile forms of copper was 9.06 mg kg

scholarly journals Controls on the Spatial Distribution of Trace Metal Concentrations along the Bedrock-Dominated South Fork New River, North Carolina

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Miller ◽  
Xaviera Watkins ◽  
Thomas O'Shea ◽  
Cynthia Atterholt
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
South Fork ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Bed Sediments ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals

In marked contrast to alluvial rivers, few studies have examined the physical and geochemical controls on the spatial distribution of toxic trace metals along bedrock channels. This study examined the factors controlling the geographical pattern of selected trace metal (Cu, Cr, and Zn) concentrations along the bedrock-dominated channel of the South Fork New River (SFNR). The SFNR is located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of North Carolina, and is representative of many rivers in mountainous terrains that are often subjected to the influx of toxic trace metals from historic and contemporary mining operations. The topography of the SFNR’s channel bed is highly variable and can be subdivided into pool and shallow bedrock reaches. The latter contained localized cascades characterized by topographically higher bedrock ribs that are separated by topographic lows, both of which are oriented oblique to flow. Accumulations of bed sediments are predominantly associated with the traverse bedrock ribs that generate high hydraulic roughness. Except for a few localized zones of enrichment, sediment-associated trace metal concentrations tended to vary within a narrow range of background values over the 36 km study reach. Elevated trace metal concentrations were closely linked to zones of high Fe and Mn concentrations, and were associated with pools located within or immediately downstream of bedrock cascades. The elevated concentrations of the metals appear to be derived from the erosion of lithologic units within the cascades that contain sulfidic layers or zones of mafic mineral enrichment, and which are known to occur in the underlying bedrock. Once eroded, these minerals and/or rock fragments were deposited within low-velocity zones created by the transverse ribs or within downstream pools. The enrichment of trace metals downstream of the cascades may also be due to the formation of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides as turbulent flows aerate river waters as they traverse the cascades. Chemically reactive fine-grained (<63 µm) sediments had a relatively limited influence on the downstream variations in metal concentrations, presumably because the channel bed sediments are composed primarily of sand-sized and larger particles. Although a principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that reach-scale variations in channel and valley morphology may have partly influenced downstream variations in trace metal concentrations, the geographical patterns were primarily controlled by local geological and geomorphic factors associated with the bedrock cascades. The design of future sampling programs along such coarse-grained, bedrock rivers should consider the significance of these local controls on trace metal storage to effectively characterize and interpret downstream patterns in metal concentrations.

scholarly journals Determination of Trace Metals and Essential Minerals in Selected Fruit Juices in Minna, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ajai ◽  
S. S. Ochigbo ◽  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
P. I. Anigboro
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Essential Minerals ◽  
Metal Levels

Levels of trace metals and essential minerals in selected fruit juice samples purchased from Minna were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame photometer. From the obtained result, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn were present in all the samples, while Cd, Pb, and Cr were not detectable in all the samples. Concentrations of K range between 1.31 ± 0.10 and 41.20 ± 0.10 mg/100 mL, Na between 15.47 ± 0.15 and 3.50 ± 0.20 mg/100 mL, Mn between Nd and 0.27 ± 0.08 mg/100 mL, Fe between Nd and 0.90 ± 0.05 mg/100 mL, Cu between Nd-0.60 ± 0.00 mg/100 mL, and Zn between Nd-0.09 ± 0.01 mg/100 mL, respectively. The trace metal levels in all the samples were within permissible limit as recommended by WHO for edible foods and drinks and could therefore be taken to compliment the deficiency of these essential minerals from other food sources.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Sources of PM10 Particulate Matter Collected in San José, Costa Rica

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Herrera ◽  
Susana Rodriguez ◽  
Armando P. Baez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Crustal Origin ◽  
The City

Measurements of trace metals and inorganic ions were carried out on PM10 aerosols sampled at two sites in the city of San Jose, Costa Rica. Samples were collected with a Thermo Andersen high volume PM sampler on glass fiber and quartz filters. The ions SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, F-, PO43-, NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were analyzed by ion chromatography and the trace metals V, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe and Al were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite furnace attachment. The results indicated that SO42-was the most abundant ion, and Al the trace metal with the highest concentration. Pearson's correlation applied to all data showed a high correlation among SO42-, NO3- and NH4+, indicating a common anthropogenic origin. In addition, the correlation found between Na+ -K+ and Ca2+ -Mg2+ indicated a crustal origin. No correlation was found among the trace metals except Cu-Cr and Fe-Cr. The influence of wind direction on trace metal concentrations is also discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Marine ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria occupy distinct iron and copper niches

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana T. Shafiee ◽  
Poppy J. Diver ◽  
Joseph T. Snow ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Rosalind E. M. Rickaby
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

AbstractAmmonia oxidation by archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB), is the first step of nitrification in the oceans. As AOA have an ammonium affinity 200-fold higher than AOB isolates, the chemical niche allowing AOB to persist in the oligotrophic ocean remains unclear. Here we show that marine isolates, Nitrosopumilus maritimus strain SCM1 (AOA) and Nitrosococcus oceani strain C-107 (AOB) have contrasting physiologies in response to the trace metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), holding potential implications for their niche separation in the oceans. A greater affinity for unchelated Fe may allow AOB to inhabit shallower, euphotic waters where ammonium supply is high, but competition for Fe is rife. In contrast to AOB, AOA isolates have a greater affinity and toxicity threshold for unchelated Cu providing additional explanation to the greater success of AOA in the marine environment where Cu availability can be highly variable. Using comparative genomics, we predict that the proteomic and metal transport basis giving rise to contrasting physiologies in isolates is widespread across phylogenetically diverse marine AOA and AOB that are not yet available in pure culture. Our results develop the testable hypothesis that ammonia oxidation may be limited by Cu in large tracts of the open ocean and suggest a relatively earlier emergence of AOB than AOA when considered in the context of evolving trace metal availabilities over geologic time.

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