Assessment of selected heavy metals concentrations in Mairua Reservoir, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria for fishing purposes

An assessment of selected heavy metal concentrations for fishing purposes was conducted at Mairua Reservoir, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria. This study aimed at assessing the selected heavy metal concentrations to enable the and sustainable use of the reservoir. Fishing is the major activity of the dwellers throughout the year, but there is less attention in considering the water quality in the reservoir. Eating fish harvested from polluted aquatic habitats could endanger the health Eating fish harvested from polluted aquatic habitats could endanger the health of the consumer. As such, there is the need of this research now if not continuously.Water samples were taken in five sampling points and the procedural plan was the monthly sampling of the water from February-April and June-August 2020. The heavy metals include Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Laboratory procedures include sample digestions in preparation for spectrophotometric analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test and related with FAO standard for fishing. The finding shows that most of the parameters like Cd, Zn and Pb are more in concentration at SPIII (downstream), i.e. the outlet of the water in the reservoir. It can also be seen that two parameters Fe and Ni are more concentrated at SPIV (middle towards east) and only Mn is higher at SPI (upstream). Furthermore, the analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p >0.05) in the values of all the parameters across the five sampled collection points. The results of this study show that with the exception of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), the heavy metal concentrations in water did not exceed FAO (2006) standards. However, Cd and Pb exceeded the FAO standard. The level of heavy metal concentrations was compared based on seasons (wet and dry) using independent t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The result shows no significant difference at 0.05 between the wet and dry season values of Fe (P value 0.106), Cd (P value 0.614) Zn (P value 0.700), Mn (P value 0.950), and Ni (P value 0.937). Study on Pb concentrations revealed that the metal was affected by seasonal variation (P value 0.047). Dumping waste very close to the reservoir should be discouraged. Farmers around the reservoir should be enlightened on the negative effects of their activities into the body of the water. More studies should be carried out on physico-chemical, microbial and other heavy metal concentrations in order to provide baseline information on the ecological status of the reservoir. In line with the finding, it is recommended that for effective fishing activities in the reservoir, the use of agrochemicals and dumping municipal waste very close to the reservoir, which could be the possible sources of Cd and Pb, should be discouraged.

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The Migration of Chemical Contaminants from Polyethylene Bags into Food During Cooking

The Open Food Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874256401509010014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Musoke ◽

N. Banadda ◽

C. Sempala ◽

J. Kigozi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

The Body ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Metal Migration ◽

Health Complications ◽

Banana Leaves

Cooking food in polyethylene bags has of late substituted banana leaves in Uganda. However, such a practice is risky as chemical contaminants may migrate from polyethylene bags into food during cooking causing health complications. Therefore, this study was done to identify and quantify the levels of chemical contaminants (heavy metals) in black and green polyethylene bags. Polyethylene bags were ashed and digested with acid and heavy metal concentrations determined using an AAS. Samples analyzed contained heavy metals with concentrations ranging between; 1125 - 1725, 76 - 112, 35 - 52, 18 - 31 ppm for Pb, Cd, Cr and Co respectively. Heavy metal migration studies into posho cooked in the black polyethylene bags was done at 65°C (T), 80°C (T) and 95°C (T). The highest migrated heavy metal concentrations 120.60, 12.25, 9.45 and 15.42 ppm for Pb, Cd, Cr and Co respectively were obtained at T3 at the surface of the posho cube (0.5cm) after 5 hours of heating. While the lowest values for Pb (10.60 ppm), Cd (1.26 ppm), Cr (0.20 ppm) and Co (1.55 ppm) were obtained at T1 towards the centroid of the posho cube (1.5 cm) after 2 hours of heating. Pb migrated highest followed by Co, Cr and Cd. Though small quantities migrated, over a long period of time they may accumulate in the body and cause health complications to the victims. To make this research of substantial importance to the polyethylene bag user, the findings were disseminated through media to the general public.

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Surface Water, Sediments and Planktons at the Junction of Multiple Rivers (Punjnad Headworks) and Their Impact on Human Health

10.21203/rs.3.rs-982004/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saima Naz ◽

Borhan Mansouri ◽

Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha ◽

Qudrat Ullah ◽

Zain Ul Abadeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Surface Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Bed Sediments ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pb Concentration

Abstract This study was conducted to calculate the burden of heavy metals i.e., aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) in the river water of Punjnad Headworks, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. For this purpose, samples were collected from surface water, bed sediments and planktons during autumn, winter and spring seasons (September 2018 to May 2019). The results showed that in surface water Pb concentration was highest (453.87 mg L-1), while in sediments and plankton, Al concentration was highest (370.24 µg g-1 and 315.05 µg g-1, respectively). A significant difference (p < 0.000) in metal concentrations was found among surface water, bed sediments and plankton at different sampling stations during various seasons. However, findings of this study showed no adverse effects of heavy metal concentrations on human health. This study provided better understanding of various pollutants and their concentrations in water sources at the studied location.

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Distribusi Spasial dan Faktor Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Pesisir Kota Makassar

Jurnal Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.14710/jkt.v24i1.9619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Rahmat Januar Noor ◽

Arnold Kabangnga ◽

Fathuddin Fathuddin

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Water Column ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Metal Pollutants ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Heavy Metal Pollutants

The presence of heavy metals in coastal waters is a threat to the wealth of coastal ecosystems because they are toxic. The people activities of Makassar City are centered in the coastal area so that they have the potential to produce heavy metal pollutants that can escape into coastal waters. This study aimed to determine the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment and water column and to determine the contamination factor. The research location is along the coast of Makassar City by determining the location of the observation based on potential sources of input, namely ports, river estuaries, and tourism activities. The research method used survey methods with in-situ measurements (oceanographic parameters) and ex-situ (heavy metal concentrations) and data presentation using tables, graphs, and analysis of variance test results. The concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in the sediment were higher and significantly different (p <0.05) compared to the water column, while Cu not different. There was no significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals (p> 0.05) spatially (ports, river estuaries, tourist sites). Heavy metals in the sediments did not exceed the quality standard, while several heavy metals in the water column exceeded the quality standards, namely Pb and Cd. The contamination level of heavy metal pollutants studied in the coastal waters of Makassar City was low (CF <1), and if sorted, a pattern of heavy metal was Cd> Zn> Pb> Cu. Keberadaan logam berat di perairan pesisir merupakan ancaman bagi kekayaan ekosistem pesisir sebab bersifat toksik. Aktivitas masyarakat Kota Makassar berpusat di daerah pesisir sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan bahan pencemar logam berat yang dapat lepas ke perairan pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi konsentrasi logam berat di sedimen dan kolom air serta menentukan faktor kontaminasi. Lokasi penelitian di sepanjang pesisir Kota Makassar dengan penentuan lokasi pengamatan berdasarkan potensi sumber masukan yaitu pelabuhan, muara sungai, dan aktivitas wisata. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan pengukuran secara insitu (parameter oseanografi) dan exsitu (konsentrasi logam berat) serta penyajian data menggunakan tabel, grafik, dan hasil pengujian analisis varians. Konsentrasi logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Zn pada sedimen lebih tinggi serta berbeda secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kolom air sedangkan Cu tidak berbeda. Tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi logam berat yang nyata (p>0,05) secara spasial (pelabuhan, muara sungai, lokasi wisata) Logam berat pada sedimen tidak melampaui baku mutu sedangkan pada kolom air terdapat beberapa logam berat yang melampaui baku mutu yaitu Pb dan Cd. Tingkat kontaminasi bahan pencemar logam berat yang diteliti di perairan pesisir Kota Makassar termasuk rendah (CF<1) dan bila diurutkan maka ditemui pola Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu.

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Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.5731 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 285-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. MÄNTYLAHTI ◽

P. LAAKSO

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Limit Values ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Target Values

Increasing concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in agricultural soils are becoming a growing problem in industrialized countries. These harmful elements represent the basis of a range of problems in the food chain, and are a potential hazard for animal and human health. It is therefore important to gauge their absolute and relative concentrations in soils that are used for crop production. In this study the arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in 274 mineral soil samples and 38 organogenic soil samples taken from South Savo province in 2000 were determined using the aqua regia extraction technique. The soil samples were collected from 23 farms.The elements analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The median concentrations in the mineral soils were:As 2.90 mg kg 1, Cd 0.084 mg kg 1, Cr 17.0 mg kg 1, Cu 13.0 mg kg 1, Hg 0.060 mg kg 1, Ni 5.4 mg kg 1, Pb 7.7 mg kg 1, Zn 36.5 mg kg 1. The corresponding values in the organogenic soils were:As 2.80 mg kg 1, Cd 0.265 mg kg 1, Cr 15.0 mg kg 1, Cu 29.0 mg kg 1, Hg 0.200 mg kg 1, Ni 5.9 mg kg 1, Pb 11.0 mg kg 1, Zn 25.5 mg kg 1. The results indicated that cadmium and mercury concentrations in the mineral and organogenic soils differed. Some of the arsenic, cadmium and mercury concentrations exceeded the normative values but did not exceed limit values. Most of the agricultural fields in South Savo province contained only small amounts of arsenic and heavy metals and could be classified as Clean Soil. A draft for the target values of arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in Clean Soil is presented.;

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PERBANDINGAN KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) PADA GORENGAN YANG DIJUAL DI JALAN SAM RATULANGI DAN PURWODADI KOTA PEKANBARU

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.31258/jil.14.2.p.114-120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Yeli Hartuti ◽

Efriyeldi Efriyeldi ◽

Maria Erna

Keyword(s):

Lead Level ◽

Threshold Value ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Director General ◽

P Value ◽

Food Control ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fried Foods

Air pollution gives a negative impact to human health due to pollutants released by motor vehicles. From the several kinds of pollutants generated, CO is one of the most pollutants released by motor vehicles. Lead can contaminate the environment and can poisoning the living organisms. Lead can cause various disorders to the body and also organs such as hematopoietic system, neurological, endocrine, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and reproduction. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the levels of lead (Pb) in fried foods sold on Jalan Sam Ratulangi with fried foods sold on the edge of Jalan Purwodadi, Pekanbaru City. This research is descriptive quantitative. Samples in the form of bakwan which were taken by one trader by using a total sampling of 6 samples. The sample will then be examined quantitatively to determine the level of lead in the sample using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of the lead level examination will then be compared with the maximum limit of metal contamination according to the standards set by the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control No. 00.06.1.52.4011 Year 2009 to find out whether the fried foods sold in that location meet the Threshold Value (NAB), and compared using the SPSS t test. The results of the research after analysis using the t test, it is known that the p value is 0.216 when compared with a= 0.05, then p>a, so there is no significant difference between the fried foods sold on Jalan Sam Ratulangi and Purwodadi, Pekanbaru City, all samples exceed The threshold value set by the Regulation of the Director General of Drug and Food Control Number HK.00.06.1.52.4011 of 2009 is 0.25 mg/kg.

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Heavy Metals in the Soils of Placer Small-Scale Gold Mining Sites in Myanmar

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (27) ◽

pp. 200911

Author(s):

Aung Zaw Tun ◽

Pokkate Wongsasuluk ◽

Wattasit Siriwong

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Gold Mining ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Small Scale ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Mining Sites ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations

Background. Artisanal and small-scale mining activities are widely practiced globally. Concentrations of heavy metals associated with gold, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) can increase in the environment as a result of mining activities, leading to environmental pollution and pose toxicity risks to humans and animals. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate soil concentrations of toxic heavy metals in placer small-scale gold mining operations in Myanmar. Methods. Soil samples were collected from three placer small-scale gold mining sites: Site A located in the Hmawbon public protected forest, Site B and Site C, situated in the Nant-Kyin reserved forest around Nar Nant Htun village. At each site, soil samples were collected from four gold mining stages (ore processing, sluicing, panning, and amalgamation). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was utilized to examine the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg. Results. The highest heavy metal concentrations were generally found in the amalgamation stages across all the gold mining sites. Across the three mining sites, the maximum heavy metal concentrations in the amalgamation stage were 22.170 mg.kg−1 for As, 3.070 mg.kg−1 for Cd, 77.440 mg.kg−1 for Hg, and 210.000 mg.kg−1 for Pb. Conclusions. The present study examined the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the soil of several small-scale gold mining sites in Banmauk Township, Myanmar. The results demonstrated the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of the gold mining sites. Miners in this area work without proper personal protective equipment, and frequent exposure to heavy metals in the soil may cause adverse health effects. The present study provides baseline data for future risk assessment studies of heavy metal contamination in gold mines. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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Distribution and Potential Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir: The Relationship to Environmental Variables

Water ◽

10.3390/w10121840 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1840 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lei Huang ◽

Hongwei Fang ◽

Ke Ni ◽

Wenjun Yang ◽

Weihua Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

Three Gorges ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Sediment Size ◽

The Three Gorges

In this study, surface sediment samples were taken from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in June 2015 to estimate the spatial distribution and potential risk of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni (34 sites from the mainstream and 9 sites from the major tributaries), and correlations with environmental variables were analyzed (e.g., median sediment size, water depth, turbidity, dissolved oxygen of the bottom water samples, and total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the surface sediment samples). Results show that the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments have increased over the last few decades, especially for Cd and Pb; and the sites in the downstream area, e.g., Badong (BD) and Wushan (WS), have had greater increments of heavy metal concentrations. The sampling sites from S6 to S12-WS are identified as hot spots for heavy metal distribution and have relatively high heavy metal concentrations, and there are also high values for the sites affected by urban cities (e.g., the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni for the site S12-WS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations increased slightly along the mainstream due to pollutants discharged along the Yangtze River and sediment sorting in the reservoir, and the values in the mainstream were greater than those in the tributaries. Meanwhile, the heavy metal concentrations were generally positively correlated with water depth (especially for Ni), while negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and median sediment size. These environmental variables have a great impact on the partition of heavy metals between the sediment and overlying water. According to the risk assessment, the heavy metals in the surface sediments of TGR give a low to moderate level of pollution.

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Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments – application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.1515/ohs-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 68-80

Author(s):

Tamara Zalewska ◽

Paulina Brzeska-Roszczyk ◽

Beata Danowska ◽

Mariusz Pełechaty

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Stable State ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Vistula Lagoon ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Status Assessment ◽

The Vistula Lagoon

AbstractThe paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg-1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg-1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg-1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.

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Numerical Evaluation and Management Suggestions for Heavy Metal Pollution Risks in a Sludge Landfill: A Case Study from Fuyong Landfill, Shenzhen, China

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/8854313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Muyun Sun ◽

Kaiyuan He ◽

Shi Shu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Pore Water ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Rainfall Infiltration ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Metal Pollutants ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Pollutants

Despite the extensive attention paid to the transport of heavy metals in sludge landfills, the processes of transporting these pollutants from a landfill to the underground environment are quite complicated and subject to significant uncertainty. In this study, the transport of typical heavy metal pollutants in a sludge landfill through saturated and unsaturated soil zones during rainfall was investigated via numerical modeling. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the heavy metal pollution risk from a sludge landfill under rainfall infiltration conditions and to propose several management suggestions. The results indicate that, during rainfall, heavy metal concentrations at the top of the unsaturated sludge layer decrease rapidly, but they decrease more gradually at the bottom of the layer. The maximum concentration appears in vertical distribution and decreases gradually through the saturated zone. Nickel is the first heavy metal pollutant to break through the low-permeability natural silt barrier. The transport parameters not only influence the simulated time for heavy metal pollutants to break through the silt layer and cause underground environmental pollution but also affect the extent to which the heavy metal pollutants in pore water exceed the guidelines. On the basis of these results, for dredged sludge with heavy metal concentrations significantly exceeding the standard, the concentration of heavy metals in pore water should be reduced before the sludge is landfilled, and a covering layer should be established on the sludge surface to control rainfall infiltration.

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Elemental Profile of Heavy Metals in Garden cress, Coriander, Lettuce and Spinach, Commonly Cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran- Iran

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽

Neda Alipanahi ◽

Mansoure Hatamian ◽

Mohammad Ahmadi ◽

Tsehaye Tesfamariam

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Garden Cress ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations

Abstract Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable tissues often poses a great risk for human health. In the present study, accumulation of heavy metal in green leafy vegetable crops of coriander, garden cress, lettuce and spinach were evaluated under waste water irrigation in fields located in Kahrizak, on the southern edge of the metropolitan city of Tehran, Iran. Atomic absorption spectrophotometery was used for determination of heavy metal concentrations in leaf tissue. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil and irrigation water were significantly high than allowable levels. Analysis of plant leaf tissue showed that spinach and garden cress accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to coriander and lettuce plants. Central leaves of lettuce showed the lowest heavy metal concentration compared to outer leaves or leaves of other vegetable crops, and can be the safer product for fresh consumption. The results indicate that the vegetables produced in the region are not suitable for fresh consumption and the agricultural activities should change towards ornamental or industrial crops production.

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