Assessment of marketing systems, customer preference and health management of chickens in free range and intensive poultry production systems in Minjar Shenkora District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is a major constraint to Kenya’s poultry production, which is comprised of approximately 80% indigenous chickens (ICs; caged and free-range system) and 20% exotic chickens (intensive system). This study analyzed cases reported as suspected ND in Kenya between 2005 and 2015. Of the suspected 332 ND reported cases from the three production systems in 27 locations within six Kenyan Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs), 140 diagnosed as infected with avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1; formerly Newcastle disease virus) were present in every year in all AEZs. The numbers of AOaV-1-positive cases differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the production systems across the years depending on the season, climate, and location. In the free-range system, both ambient temperatures and season associated significantly (p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively) with the number of cases, while in the intensive and caged systems, the positive cases correlated significantly with season and relative humidity, respectively (p = 0.05). Regardless of the production systems, the numbers of clinically sick birds positively correlated with the ambient temperatures (r = 0.6; p < 0.05). Failure to detect AOaV-1 in 58% of the ND cases reported, and mortalities exceeding the observed numbers of clinically sick birds suggest deficiencies in the current ND reporting and diagnostic system. Intensive farmers were the slowest in reporting the cases and diagnostic deficiencies were most evident by failure to test the exposure of ICs to natural infection with AOaV-1 and for the AOaV-1-negative cases lack of testing for other pathogens and/or AOaV-1 variants. This study indicates a need for improved surveillance and diagnostics in Kenyan domestic poultry.

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Observational Study of the Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter spp. from Different Poultry Production Systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-237 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 154-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

LINDA A. BESTER ◽

SABIHA Y. ESSACK

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Observational Study ◽

Production Systems ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Free Range ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Rural Production ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter bacteria are important foodborne pathogens that cause acute diarrheal illness, and infection is often associated with contaminated poultry. In a blind observational study, the prevalence and resistance profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter strains collected from different poultry production systems were tested against the clinically used antibiotics ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. Campylobacter strains were isolated from chickens in rural production systems, a free-range commercial facility, and industrially raised broiler and egg-laying chickens all situated in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Isolates were collected from the chicken cecae and were identified with conventional methods and tested for antibiotic resistance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute agar dilution method. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. isolates in chickens was 68% (56 samples) in rural production, 47% (140 samples) in commercial free-range broilers, 47% (133 samples) in industrial broilers, and 94% (34 samples) in industrial layer hens. Isolates from the rurally raised chickens showed significantly (P < 0.01) less resistance against ciprofloxacin (7.9%), erythromycin (0%), and tetracycline (21.6%) than those from commercially produced chickens. Isolates from the commercially raised chickens (free range and industrial) were highly resistant to tetracycline (98.9 to 100%). The incidence of gentamicin and streptomycin resistance was 1.6 and 11.5%, respectively, in commercial free-range broilers, 1.7 and 16.4%, respectively, in industrially raised broilers, and 12.9 and 40%, respectively, in industrially raised layers. It is possible that variations among the poultry production systems, including antimicrobial usage, result in differences in antibiotic resistance profiles in Campylobacter.

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Free range and deep litter poultry production systems: effect on performance, carcass yield and meat composition of cockerel chickens

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-012-0213-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 281-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Olajide Mark Sogunle ◽

Olagoke Ayobami Olaniyi ◽

Lawrence Tokunbo Egbeyale ◽

Olufemi Sunday Akinola ◽

Taofeek A. Shittu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Free Range ◽

Meat Composition

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Range use and pasture consumption in free-range poultry production

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13199 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. Singh ◽

A. J. Cowieson

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Extensive Investigation ◽

Free Range ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Conventional Production ◽

Ready Access

The recent increase in free-range meat and egg production and consumption has led to extensive investigation in this area and has revealed that the level of animal performance achieved in such systems is low compared with that achieved in conventional production systems. In Australia, this difference has been attributed either to the absence of in-feed antibiotics or to range access, which may result in exposure to detrimental climatic conditions, predators, disease, welfare challenges and nutrient dilution. Moreover, although poultry in free-range systems have ready access to outside runs, not all birds utilise them optimally. Pasture consumption results in dilution of energy and protein intake and may cause impaction and dietary electrolyte imbalance. This paper provides an overview of these issues to provide a conceptual framework for further study in this area.

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The free-range meat paradox: the conflict between free-range poultry production systems and biocontainment against zoonotic microorganisms

Case Studies in Food Safety and Authenticity ◽

10.1533/9780857096937.4.189 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 189-197

Author(s):

L.S. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Free Range

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A survey of commercially available broilers originating from organic, free-range and conventional production systems for cooked meat yields, meat composition and relative value

10.31274/rtd-180813-15713 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Lon Husak

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Free Range ◽

Meat Composition ◽

Relative Value ◽

Conventional Production ◽

Cooked Meat

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Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01153-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽

Dong Zeng ◽

Abdul Khalique ◽

Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽

Hesong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Gut Health ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

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