scholarly journals Anthelminthic effects of extracts of indigenous browses from mid rift valley of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Amsalu Sisay ◽  
Tegene Negesse ◽  
Ajebu Nurfeta
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Infective Larvae

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential anthelminthic properties of extracts of leaves of indigenous browses (Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Millettia ferruginea, and Vernonia amygadalina) based on three in vitro assays. Acetone extracts of browses at different concentrations (75 to 1200 μg/ml, for egg and larvae and 100mg/ml for an adult) were tested on three developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus (eggs, infective larvae, and adult worms) using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worm motility inhibition assay (AMIA). Significant effects were obtained with all five browses but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stages. The effects of five browse extracts on egg hatching were concentration-dependent, the highest (P<0.05) egg hatch inhibition rate was observed at 1200 μg/ml concentration for all browses. All extracts had a higher effect (P<0.01) than that of the negative control, phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In contrast, no concentration-response relationship was found for infective larvae and adult worms, although more potent effects were observed with the highest concentrations. The LMI rate (70%) induced by Vernonia  amygadalina extract, at a concentration of 300 μg/ml, was the highest (P<0.05) of all other browses, even at higher concentrations. The highest LMI rate (62%) induced by Acacia senegal extract at higher concentration, was lower than that of LMI rate (70%) induced by Vernonia amygadalina, at 300 μg/ml concentration. Vernonia amygadalina was found to be highly and rapidly effective against adult worms inducing the highest mortality rate (90%) as soon as 4 hrs after incubation. Overall, the in vitro results suggest that these five  browses do possess anti-parasitic properties and Vernonia amygadalina showed the most effective anti-parasitic property. These effects remain to be confirmed through in vivo study.

scholarly journals Condensed tannins and gastro-intestinal parasites in sheep

1999 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Molan ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
W.C. Mcnabb
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Principal Method

As the effectiveness of current anthelmintic drenches is being reduced by the emergence of drench resistance and significant production losses may still occur as a result of continuing larval challenge, strategies for nematode control should focus on preventing the build-up of infective larvae on pasture rather than treating the infection. This paper reports the effects of condensed tannins (CT) extracted from Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus corniculatus, sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and sainfoin (Onobrychus viciifolia) on in vitro viability of eggs, first stage larvae (L1) and third stage larvae (L3) of the sheep nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis. When in vitro assays contained CT in a similar concentrations to that in the digestive tract of sheep fed these forages, the CT reduced the development of eggs to L3 larvae as well as the proportion of eggs hatching. The CT also reduced the development of L1 larvae to L3 larvae and decreased the motility of L3 larvae when assessed by the larval migration inhibition assay and this may reduce their infective capacity in vivo. If these forages are fed to grazing sheep, then it may be possible to reduce contamination of pasture with infective larvae and reduce our dependence on anthelmintics as the principal method for controlling internal parasites. Keywords: condensed tannins, drench resistance, egg hatching, larval development, Lotus, parasites, sainfoin, sulla, Trichostrongylus colubriformis

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of extracts from Artemisia parviflora and A. sieversiana

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Irum ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
B. Mirza ◽  
K. Donskow-Łysoniewska ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae

SummaryIn the northern areas of Pakistan, the use of Artemisia based therapeutics is a common practice. Plants of genus Artemisia are known to possess anthelmintic and therapeutic effect. Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threat to livestock industry across the world resulting in loss of production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia parviflora on Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Methanolic plant extract was tested against three different developmental stages using an egg hatch assay, infective larvae and adult worm motility assay. Different concentrations were used for the bioassays and post exposure mortality was recorded after 8 hr for adult worms and infective larvae, while egg inhibition percentage was observed after 27 hr. A highly significant ability to inhibit the egg hatching (100 %) was recorded for both plant extracts while, the highest activity for adult worm assay and larvicidal assay was 90 % for A. sieversiana. The highest activity for adult motility and larvicidal assay for A. parviflora was 89 % and 86.6 % respectively. For in vivo trials maximum parentage reduction was 77.0 % for A. sieversiana and 73.6 % for A. parviflora. It is concluded that selected plant extracts were effective in reducing worm burden in animals.

Fly-on-a-Chip: Microfluidics for Drosophila melanogaster Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 425-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Zabihihesari ◽  
Arthur J Hilliker ◽  
Pouya Rezai
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Manual Manipulation

Abstract The fruit fly or Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a promising model organism in genetics, developmental and behavioral studies as well as in the fields of neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. Not only all the developmental stages of Drosophila, including embryonic, larval, and adulthood stages, have been used in experimental in vivo biology, but also the organs, tissues, and cells extracted from this model have found applications in in vitro assays. However, the manual manipulation, cellular investigation and behavioral phenotyping techniques utilized in conventional Drosophila-based in vivo and in vitro assays are mostly time-consuming, labor-intensive, and low in throughput. Moreover, stimulation of the organism with external biological, chemical, or physical signals requires precision in signal delivery, while quantification of neural and behavioral phenotypes necessitates optical and physical accessibility to Drosophila. Recently, microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have emerged as powerful tools to overcome these challenges. This review paper demonstrates the role of microfluidic technology in Drosophila studies with a focus on both in vivo and in vitro investigations. The reviewed microfluidic devices are categorized based on their applications to various stages of Drosophila development. We have emphasized technologies that were utilized for tissue- and behavior-based investigations. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions in Drosophila-on-a-chip research, and its integration with other advanced technologies, will be discussed.

Studies with Brugia pahangi 12. The activity of levamisole

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Rogers ◽  
D. A. Denham
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Dose Levels

AbstractThe effects of levamisole on adults, third stage infective larvae, and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were studied in in vitro culture and in vivo against developing stages in the vector mosquito and in infected cats. In vitro the drug was effective only at dose levels much higher than can be tolerated by mammals. It was active against the developmental stages of the worm in the vector Aedes aegypti.The drug was strongly microfilaricidal in cats but less effective against adult worms.

In vitro development of Terranova decipiens (Nematoda) (Krabbe, 1878)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McClelland ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Vitro Development

Eggs of Terranova decipiens were dissected from the vagina and uterus of adult worms from seals and incubated in seawater at 15C. Freshly hatched larvae were cultivated to preadults in Eagle's medium (MEM) with 20% fetal-calf serum.At 15C, 70% of the larvae exsheathed and grew to the infective stage without further molts. Infective larvae were 31.3 (27.7–33.3) mm in length after 52 weeks of cultivation and were similar in morphology to larvae from fish.At 35C, 80%. of cultivated larvae (5.0–24.2 mm in length) molted to preadult. There was a 25% increase in length over a 6-week, period. Cultivated preadults (6.1–36.8 mm in length) were morphologically similar to preadults from seals. They did not, however, complete development to adulthood, and an attempt to infect a seal with cultivated infective larvae was unsuccessful.The described in vitro developmental stages of T. decipiens form a useful guide to the in vivo identification of this important economic nematode.

In vitro effects of four tropical plants on the activity and development of the parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hounzangbe-Adote ◽  
I. Fouraste ◽  
K. Moutairou ◽  
H. Hoste
Keyword(s):  
Significant Activity ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Effects

AbstractThe in vitro effects of extracts of four tropical plants (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Newbouldia laevis, Morinda lucida and Carica papaya) on the egg, infective larvae and adult worms of Trichostrongylus colubriformis were screened for potential anthelmintic properties. Significant effects were observed with the four plants on T. colubriformis but they differed depending on the stage of the parasite. Extracts of each plant induced a dose-dependent inhibition of egg hatching. Using a larval inhibition migration test, the effects on the infective larvae were also detected with the four plant extracts. In contrast, for adult worms, the effects were statistically significant only for N. laevis and C. papaya. No significant activity was shown for M. lucida and Z. zanthoxyloides. These in vitro results suggest the presence of some anthelmintic properties associated with these four plants, which are traditionally used by small farmers in western Africa. These effects need to be studied under in vivo conditions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract from Caesalpinia coriaria J. Willd Fruits against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Infective Larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. De Jesús-Martínez ◽  
A. Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
J. Olivares-Pérez ◽  
A. Zamilpa ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro lethal effect of a methanolic extract (ME) from Caesalpinia coriaria fruits against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae. The anthelmintic activity was assessed using the egg hatching inhibition assay (EHI) and the mortality test. The ME was assessed using five concentrations as follows: 6.15, 3.12, 1.56, and 0.78 mg/mL to eggs and 150, 100, 75, and 50 mg/mL to larvae, respectively. Ivermectin (5 mg/mL) was used as positive control and 4% methanol and distilled water were used as negative controls. The data of ovicidal and larvicidal effect were analyzed with a completely randomized design through ANOVA analysis using the general linear model (GLM) and lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated through a Probit analysis using the SAS program. A clear ME increased concentration dependence effect was observed in the EHI and mortality tests. The highest activity of the methanolic extract was observed at the highest concentration (P < 0.05) to obtain a similar effect to the positive control (ivermectin), with LC50 = 78.38 and 0.00064 mg/mL and LC90 =235.63 and 0.024 mg/mL, respectively, for larvae and eggs. The results indicate that the C. coriaria fruit ME possesses in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties (gallotannins: methyl gallate) against H. contortus that needs to be investigated more in vivo for the control of gastroenteric nematodes in ruminants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelminthic Efficacy of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) Extracts on Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano D’Ambola ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Andrea Ariano ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Ammar Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Ovicidal Effects

The anthelminthic efficacy of the crude extracts of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep was investigated using the in vitro egg hatch inhibition assay. Faecal samples were collected from sheep with naturally occurring infection of GIN (Trichostrongylus spp., Chabertia ovina, Cooperia spp., Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia spp.). Crude leaf extracts of H. forskaolii was obtained using increasing polarity solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform:methanol 9:1, methanol. Thiabendazole (0.2 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL) was used as a positive control and untreated GIN eggs in deionised water served as the negative control. All the extracts exhibited a weak ovicidal activity against GIN (less than 50% of egg hatch). Noteworthy, the n-hexane extract showed a percentage of inhibition of egg hatching greater than other extracts inhibiting the 30.8% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL showing a dose-dependent effect on nematode eggs hatching. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of extracts used and to evaluate the ovicidal effects of other extracts of H. forskaolii.

scholarly journals Artemisia cina 30 CH homeopathic treatment against Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita ◽  
Maria Eugenia López-Arellano ◽  
Raquel López-Arellano ◽  
César Cuenca-Verde ◽  
Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Sheep Production

The anthelmintic resistance problem is widely recognized in sheep production. Therefore, new methods of control against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) need to be integrated. The aim of this work was to assess the toxicity of A. cina 30 CH as a homeopathic product against Haemonchus contortus in in vitro and in vivo assays. A. cina 30 CH was obtained from a commercial laboratory, and confirmation of artemisinin as a key ingredient was performed with mass spectrophotometry. The A. cina 30 CH and the artemisinin pure reagent were used for the inhibition of egg hatching (IEH) and for the inhibition of larval migration of H. contortus L3 (ILM). In addition, three groups of 10 naturally infected lambs with GIN were treated with A. cina 30 CH and albendazole, and 10 were used as control. The parasitic infection was monitored at 0, 7, 14 and 28 d postreatment (PT) to determine the number of eggs per gram  (epg) and  FAMACHA index.  The in vitro data  showed 100 %  IEH and 64.7 % ILM by A. cina 30 CH, and nonlethal activity was observed with the artemisinin pure reagent. The toxicity of A. cina 30 CH against H. contortus in infected lambs was observed after 7 d of infection. Administration of the A. cina 30 CH yielded a 69 % reduction in the epg at 28 d PT, similar to the albendazole (P<0.05). In conclusion, A. cina 30 CH had the ability to IEH and ILM of H. contortus in in vitro assays and reduced the number of eggs of H. contortus, which is the primary parasitic nematode in grazing lambs, thereby reducing infection.

In vitro ovicidal activity of poly lactic acid curcumin-nisin co-entrapped nanoparticle against Fasciola spp. eggs and its reproductive toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyetunde Oyeyemi ◽  
Odunayo Adegbeyeni ◽  
Ifeoluwa Oyeyemi ◽  
Jairam Meena ◽  
Amulya Panda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:Curcumin and nisin have been widely reported for their antibacterial and anticancer potency. However, their therapeutic applications are hampered by several factors, which necessitate their development into nanosize ranges for improved delivery and activities. Their incorporation into a single nanosynthesized form may suggest desirable efficacy on parasites. The aim of the study was to assess the ovicidal activity of the curcumin-nisin polylactic acid (PLA) entrapped nanoparticle on theFasciolaeggs and its reproductive toxicity.Methods:The nanoparticle was formulated by double emulsion method. The eggs of the adultFasciolaspp. were exposed to different concentrations (0.3125–5 mg/mL) of the nanoparticle to monitor hatchability. Mice were exposed to 0.5 mL of the formulated drug at varying concentrations (10–20 mg/kg) and then sacrificed for sperm morphology assay.Results:The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency of the formulated drug were 288.4±24.3 nm, 0.232, and 51.7%, respectively. The highest nanoparticulate concentration (5 mg/mL) showed the least percentage egg hatching (41.7%) compared with the other treatment groups and positive control (albendazole) (45.1%). The aberrations observed in sperm cells were not concentration-dependent and no significant differences were observed in the mean aberrations between the nanoparticulate drug-exposed groups and the negative control (p>0.05).Conclusions:The results confirmed the ovicidal activity of the curcumin-nisin nanoparticulate drug against theFasciolaspecies. The formulation also showed no toxicity to sperm cells. More robust studies on anti-fascioliasis activity of the drug on adultFasciolaspp. andin vivoandin vitrotoxicity studies are recommended.

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