scholarly journals Screening and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacillus Species Isolated from Contaminated Soils in Makurdi Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
W.C John ◽  
I.O Ogbonna ◽  
G.M Gberikon ◽  
C.C Iheukwumere
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Biosurfactants synthesized by microorganisms are chemically diverse and have gained interest industrially due to their surface and interfacial tensions-reducing activities. In this study Bacillus species from contaminated soils were screened and characterized for biosurfactant production. The study was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria. The Bacillus species were isolated from kerosene shops, palm oil shops, nearby restaurants, mechanic workshops and abattoir effluents- contaminated soil samples collected from Makurdi metropolis. The Bacillus spp. were screened for biosurfactants production potentials using various screening methods (oil spreading, beta haemolysis, drop collapse and emulsification index). Specific primers were used to amplify the srfAA (surfactin gene) gene in the Bacillus isolates and the nucleotide sequences were determined at Inqaba Biotec, South Africa. The screening results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95 % confidence level. Isolate RT7(4)B exhibited the ability to produce biosurfactant, as well as the highest emulsification index (E24) of 73.25 % while isolate PO7(3)C gave the highest oil displacement of 6.77 mm. The supernatant obtained from isolate RT7(4)B showed reduction in surface tension of up to 30.26 mN/m. The isolates gave positive results for biosurfactant production when subjected to drop collapse and Beta haemolytic tests. The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results revealed amplifications of srfAA gene from 7 isolates. Based on these findings, the isolates used in this study can be utilized for biosurfactant production, and can also be useful for bioremediation and industrial biotechnology applications. Keywords: Biosurfactants; emulsification index; Bacillus; surface tension; Drop collapse

scholarly journals Factorial Design to Optimize Biosurfactant Production byYarrowia lipolytica

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizele Cardoso Fontes ◽  
Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral ◽  
Marcio Nele ◽  
Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Full Factorial

In order to improve biosurfactant production byYarrowia lipolyticaIMUFRJ 50682, a factorial design was carried out. A24full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, and peptone) on maximum variation of surface tension (ΔST) and emulsification index (EI). The best results (67.7% of EI and 20.9 mNm−1ofΔST) were obtained in a medium composed of 10 g 1−1of ammonium sulfate and 0.5 g 1−1of yeast extract. Then, the effects of carbon sources (glycerol, hexadecane, olive oil, and glucose) were evaluated. The most favorable medium for biosurfactant production was composed of both glucose (4% w/v) and glycerol (2% w/v), which provided an EI of 81.3% and aΔST of 19.5 mN m−1. The experimental design optimization enhancedΔEI by 110.7% andΔST by 108.1% in relation to the standard process.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of Bacillus cereus NWUAB01 and its heavy metal removal from polluted soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Screening Methods

AbstractMicroorganisms that display unique biotechnological characteristics are usually selected for industrial applications. Bacillus cereus NWUAB01 was isolated from a mining soil and its heavy metal resistance was determined on Luria–Bertani agar. The biosurfactant production was determined by screening methods such as drop collapse, emulsification and surface tension measurement. The biosurfactant produced was evaluated for metal removal (100 mg/L of each metal) from contaminated soil. The genome of the organism was sequenced using Illumina Miseq platform. Strain NWUAB01 tolerated 200 mg/L of Cd and Cr, and was also tolerant to 1000 mg/L of Pb. The biosurfactant was characterised as a lipopeptide with a metal-complexing property. The biosurfactant had a surface tension of 39.5 mN/m with metal removal efficiency of 69%, 54% and 43% for Pb, Cd and Cr respectively. The genome revealed genes responsible for metal transport/resistance and biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. Putative genes for transport/resistance to cadmium, chromium, copper, arsenic, lead and zinc were present in the genome. Genes responsible for biopolymer synthesis were also present in the genome. This study highlights biosurfactant production and heavy metal removal of strain NWUAB01 that can be harnessed for biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Biosurfactant Producing Bacillus spp. in Diverse Habitats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanket J. Joshi ◽  
Harish Suthar ◽  
Amit Kumar Yadav ◽  
Krushi Hingurao ◽  
Anuradha Nerurkar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil

Diversity among biosurfactant producing Bacillus spp. from diverse habitats was studied among 77 isolates. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic characteristics using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMAs) method was performed. Bacillus isolates possessing high surface tension activity and five reference strains were subjected to amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). A correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Bacillus spp. is explored. Most of the oil reservoir isolates showing high surface activity clustered with B. licheniformis and B. subtilis, the hot water spring isolates clustered in two ingroups, while the petroleum contaminated soil isolates were randomly distributed in all the three ingroups. Present work revealed that diversity exists in distribution of Bacillus spp. from thermal and hydrocarbon containing habitats where majority of organisms belonged to B. licheniformis and B. subtilis group. Isolate B. licheniformis TT42 produced biosurfactant which reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mNm−1 to 28 mNm−1, and 0.05 mNm−1 interfacial tension against crude oil at 80°C. This isolate clustered with B. subtilis and B. licheniformis group on the basis of ARDRA. These findings increase the possibility of exploiting the Bacillus spp. from different habitats and their possible use in oil recovery.

scholarly journals Biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from aquaculture farm soil and its optimisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit kumar Nadella ◽  
Murugadas Vaiyapuri ◽  
Ahamed Basha kusunur ◽  
Toms Cheriath Joseph ◽  
Lalitha Kuttanappilly Velayudhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Aquaculture Farm ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation

In the present study, aquaculture farm soil was screened for the biosurfactant producing bacteria. Total of 43 distinct morphological colonies were isolated from the farm soil and their biosurfactant production was evaluated by employing different screening methods. Fourteen biosurfactant producing bacterial isolates were selected based on the formation of dark blue halos on CTAB agar, emulsification index, oil spreading assay and BATH assay. Based on the results, bacterial isolate (BHA 9) showed highest production of biosurfactant and selected for further studies. Biochemical characterisation revealed that the bacterial isolate responsible for biosurfactant production is Gram negative, slender long rod shape bacteria and oxidase and catalase positive. Molecular characterisation of 16S r-DNArevealed that it belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Optimization studies were carried out at different temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40 o C) using four different carbon sources (1%) i.e ., glucose, sucrose, maltose and starch and four nitrogen sources (1%) viz ., peptone, ammonium nitrate, beef extract and yeast extract at different pH (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and NaCl levels (0.50, 1, 1.50 and 2%). Emulsification index and the bacterial biomass (OD 600 ) were recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h intervals. Optimum condition for biosurfactant production by this bacterium was achieved when glucose and yeast extract was used as carbón and nitrogen sources, respectively  maintaining a temperature of 35 o C, pH 8 and NaCl 1.5% measured in terms of emulsification index and bacterial biomass. This is the first reported study for the biosurfactant producing bacteria from aquaculture farm soil which may find its application in various fields.

Isolation and Characterization of Protease from Bacillus spp and Serratia spp

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
Sri Latha Atmakuri ◽  
Priya R Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Feather Degradation ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Gelatin Layer ◽  
Stain Removal ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bioremediation Processes

Proteases are the largest group of enzymes that have a wide variety of industrialapplications in detergent, leather industry, pharmaceutical industry and bioremediation processes. In the current study, processed water from Pallavaramleather industry (Chennai & Tamilnadu) was used for isolation of organisms producing protease. Bacillus spp and Serratia spp were isolated on 0.5% casein minimal media. The presence of protease was confirmed by paper chromatography and estimated by ninhydrin method. The protease activity of Bacillus species was high at the temperature of 60oC, pH 9 and the concentration was found to be 280mg/100ml, whereas the activity of protease for Serratia species was high at the temperature of 40oC, pH 5 and at concentration of 240mg/100ml. The highest concentration at which the activity of protease was maximum was 2 % for both the organisms. The protease enzyme used for the blood stain removal and degradation of outer gelatin layer of X‐ray films was good however chicken feather degradation was less.

scholarly journals A Phytoplasma Belonging to a 16SrIII-A Subgroup and dsRNA Virus Associated with Cassava Frogskin Disease in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. de Souza ◽  
Fábio N. da Silva ◽  
Ivan P. Bedendo ◽  
Claudine M. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Dsrna Virus ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

Cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) is a particular threat in cassava because symptoms remain hidden until harvest and losses can be total. The information related to the etiological agent of this disease is contradictory, because some authors believe it is caused by phytoplasmas while others believe that it is caused by a virus. In order to refine detection protocols and to characterize organisms associated with CFSD in Brazil, 32 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic cassava plants were collected in Minas Gerais state. Total DNA was extracted and used for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect phytoplasmas. Because endophytic Bacillus spp. led to false positives, primers were designed to facilitate the detection of phytoplasma in the presence of bacteria. In addition, double-stranded (ds)RNA was extracted from tubers and used in reverse-transcription PCR for the detection of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene from Cassava frogskin virus segment 4. The detected phytoplasma was identified as belonging to the group 16SrIII-A by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and RFLP in silico. This is the first report of a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrIII-A group associated with cassava plants, the first molecular characterization of a phytoplasma associated with CFSD in Brazil, and a first report of phytoplasma and a dsRNA virus (possible reovirus) co-infecting cassava plants with CFSD symptoms.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biosurfactant From Pseudomonas Stutzeri SJ3 for Remediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekar Harikrishnan ◽  
Singaram Jayalakshmi ◽  
Mohamad S. Alsalhi ◽  
Alager Kartick ◽  
Sandhanasamy Devanesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Work Production ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract In the present work, production of biosurfactant was studied from the bacterial strains isolated from the soil samples collected from oil contaminated sites in Karaikal ONGC, Puducherry, India. Six morphologically different hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial strains (SJ1-SJ6) isolated on oil agar plates were further screened for biosurfactant production. Based on the screening methods results of 26 mm oil displacement zone, positive results of drop collapse test, 68.14% emulsification index (E24) and 79.2% of bacterial adherence percentage, the isolate SJ3 was selected as the most potent strain and it was identified as P. stutzeri using standard biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based methods. Optimization of the P. stutzeri strain showed 36 h incubation, 150 rpm agitation, pH 7.5, 37oC, 1% salinity, 2% glucose as carbon source and 1% yeast extract as nitrogen source were the ideal conditions for growth and the biosurfactant production was found to be growth dependent. The crude biosurfactant showed broad range of antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens tested. The P. stutzeri isolated from oil spill site showed biosurfactant with antibacterial activities.

scholarly journals Biosurfactant Production and Growth Kinetics Studies of the Waste Canola Oil-Degrading Bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis AQ5-07 from Antarctica

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salihu Ibrahim ◽  
Khalilah Abdul Khalil ◽  
Khadijah Nabilah Mohd Zahri ◽  
Claudio Gomez-Fuentes ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Maximum Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Emulsification Index

With the progressive increase in human activities in the Antarctic region, the possibility of domestic oil spillage also increases. Developing means for the removal of oils, such as canola oil, from the environment and waste “grey” water using biological approaches is therefore desirable, since the thermal process of oil degradation is expensive and ineffective. Thus, in this study an indigenous cold-adapted Antarctic soil bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis strain AQ5-07, was screened for biosurfactant production ability using the multiple approaches of blood haemolysis, surface tension, emulsification index, oil spreading, drop collapse and “MATH” assay for cellular hydrophobicity. The growth kinetics of the bacterium containing different canola oil concentration was studied. The strain showed β-haemolysis on blood agar with a high emulsification index and low surface tension value of 91.5% and 25.14 mN/m, respectively. Of the models tested, the Haldane model provided the best description of the growth kinetics, although several models were similar in performance. Parameters obtained from the modelling were the maximum specific growth rate (qmax), concentration of substrate at the half maximum specific growth rate, Ks% (v/v) and the inhibition constant Ki% (v/v), with values of 0.142 h−1, 7.743% (v/v) and 0.399% (v/v), respectively. These biological coefficients are useful in predicting growth conditions for batch studies, and also relevant to “in field” bioremediation strategies where the concentration of oil might need to be diluted to non-toxic levels prior to remediation. Biosurfactants can also have application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) under different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on Biosurfactant Production by Hydrocarbon-utilizing Stenotrophomonas sp.

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Victor Ezebuiro ◽  
Ipeghan Jonathan Otaraku ◽  
Boma Oruwari ◽  
Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Tension Reduction ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction

Aim: This study investigated effects of nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of biosurfactant by a hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp. Methodology: The hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterium was isolated with Bushnell Haas (BH) broth using enrichment method. Biosurfactant production was screened by evaluating the following characteristics: Emulsification index (E-24), oil spreading (displacement), tilted glass slide, haemolysis on blood agar, and lipase production. Effects of combination of nitrogen sources (yeast extract and NH4NO3, yeast extract and urea, yeast extract and asparagine, yeast extract and peptone, NaNO3 and peptone, NaNO3 and asparagine, and yeast extract and NaNO3) and carbon sources (glucose, fructose, galactose, cassava peel, soya bran, olive oil, sucrose, crude oil, diesel and glycerol) on biosurfactant production were determined with emulsion stability and surface tension as responses. The bacterium was identified based on phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics. Results: The isolate produced colonies on BH agar containing either naphthalene or hexadecane as sole source of carbon after 48-h incubation. Screening characteristics for the production of biosurfactant by the isolate were as follows: 46% emulsification index, 3.1 cm2 oil displacement, 1.8 cm zone of clearance on tributyrin agar, γ-haemolysis, and positive tilted glass slide. The best carbon source with the highest emulsion stability (51.6%) was fructose whereas the best surface tension reduction (30.85 mN/m) was observed with olive oil as carbon sources after 7 days of incubation. For nitrogen, the combination of yeast extract and NH4NO3 gave the highest emulsion stability (60.7%) and the best surface tension reduction (39.58 mN/m). The data obtained were significant at P<0.05 and the bacterial isolate identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the ability of the hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp. to produce biosurfactant, indicated by reduction of surface tension and formation of stable emulsion. This method of biosurfactant production can be further scaled up for industrial purpose. 

Characterization of a cDNA for Rhesus Monkey Protein C Inhibitor – Evidence for N-Terminal Involvement in Heparin Stimulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (04) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-P Radtke ◽  
José A Fernández ◽  
Bruno O Villoutreix ◽  
Judith S Greengard ◽  
John H Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Reactive Center ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SummarycDNAs for protein C inhibitor (PCI) were cloned from human and rhesus monkey 1 liver RNAs by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Sequencing showed that rhesus monkey and human PCI cDNAs were 93% identical. Predicted amino acid sequences differed at 26 of 387 residues. Pour of these differences (T352M, N359S, R362K, L3631) were in the reactive center loop that is important for inhibitory specificity, and two were in the N-terminal helix (M8T, E13K) that is implicated in glycosaminoglycan binding. PCI in human or rhesus monkey plasma showed comparable inhibitory activity towards human activated protein C in the presence of 10 U/ml heparin. However, maximal acceleration of the inhibition of activated protein C required 5-fold lower heparin concentration for rhesus monkey than for human plasma, consistent with the interpretation that the additional positive charge (E13K) in a putative-heparin binding region increased the affinity for heparin.

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