scholarly journals Use of expanded polystyrene from disposable food pack as a modifier for bitumen in hot mix asphalt

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028
Author(s):  
A.A. Murana ◽  
K. Akilu ◽  
A.T. Olowosulu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

This study evaluate the use of Disposable Food Pack (DFP) as a modifier for bitumen for an improved Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The  bitumen was modified with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% DFP obtained from domestic waste. The penetration, ductility and specific gravity of DFP modified bitumen decreased from 68mm to 59.5mm, 110cm to 101cm and 1.025 to 1.012 respectively with increase in DFP, while softening point increased from 49.5 oC to 54.5 oC with increase in DFP. The Marshal Stability results revealed that the DFP modified bitumen increased the stability values of the compacted mixes to a maximum of 9.33kN at 8% DFP content. The flow showed decrease from 3.18mm at 2% DFP to 2.94mm at 10% DFP, whereas the density of the compacted mixes increased to a maximum of 2.293g/cm3 with increased modifier. An Optimum DFP Content of 6.7% by weight of the Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) isrecommended. Keywords: Bitumen, Disposable Food Pack, Expanded Polystyrene, Hot Mix Asphalt, Modified bitumen

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Modified Bitumen Using EPS Beads for Green and Sustainable Development of Polymer-Based Asphalt Mixtures

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif Anwar ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Qurashi ◽  
Muhammad Hasnain Saeed ◽  
Aqsa Nisar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen

The increasing costs of virgin content, decreasing resources, and growing plastic waste have shifted the research momentum towards green and sustainable road pavements. Hence, in recent years, various researchers have worked on the utilization of different types of plastic wastes in asphalt concrete by replacing it with binder content. Under this premise, this study examines the effect of expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) as a replacement to the binder at seven different dosages ranging from 5% to 50%. The bitumen of 60/70 grade was utilized in this study. The fresh properties of polymer-modified bitumen were checked and compared to that of conventional specimens. The mechanical properties of all specimens were investigated in terms of Marshall Stability properties. The results indicated that the adding of PEB improves the stability of modified asphalt concrete. Furthermore, the addition of EPS by substituting bitumen content could be a promising way to reduce the environmental impact of bitumen, and will also help in economic infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Influence of polyethylene from waste pure water sachet on properties of hot mix asphalt

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049
Author(s):  
A.A. Murana ◽  
A.A. Abdulkarim ◽  
A.T. Olowosulu
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

This work evaluate the influence of waste pure water sachet (WPS) as a modifier in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The properties of the constituent materials were determined. Modified HMA samples were prepared at varying concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% WPS content by weight of the Optimum Binder Content (OBC). The properties of the modified HMA were determined using Marshall Method of mix design. The properties of the constituent materials showed that they are suitable for HMA production. The modified bitumen showed an increase in softening point (61 – 73.5%), flash point (258 – 2820C), fire point (289 – 3110C) and ductility (92.67 –118.67cm) as the WPS content increases from 2% to 10% while decrease in penetration (62.33 – 56.5mm) as WPS content increases from 2% to 6%. Stability and Bulk density increases from 4.64kN to 8.84kN and 2.21g/cm3 to 2.34g/cm3 respectively while flow, voids in mineral aggregates (VMA) and Air voids decreases from 3.6 to 2.98mm, 23.85 to 20.16% and 19.73 to 13.97% respectively as the WPS content was increased from 2 to 8%. An optimum polyethylene from WPS modifier content of 8% by weight of the OBC is  recommended for use in the HMA. Keywords: Bitumen, Hot Mix Asphalt, Pure Water Sachet, modified bitumen, Marshall Properties, Polyethylene.

scholarly journals Technical Properties and Potential Application of Waste Engine Oil as Bitumen Modifier in Pavement Construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Bamidele I. O. Dahunsi ◽  
Daniel U. Idusuyi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pavement Construction

The gradually exhausting crude oil reserves worldwide have made experts in the building industry to explore alternative resources for road construction materials. This study was designed to evaluate the potential applications of engine oil wastes as a bitumen modifier. The Waste Engine Oil (WEO) was obtained from an auto mechanic workshop. The base bitumen was replaced with WEO at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% respectively. The WEO modified bitumen properties which included penetration, softening point, flash point, solubility, specific gravity and viscosity were measured in accordance to ASTM standard procedures for a period of 5 days. From the results obtained it was observed that as the replacement level of the WEO increased, there was decrease in the viscosity, specific gravity, flash point and the softening point properties. Incorporating WEO into the base bitumen can at best be acceptable at 2% - 4%.

Properties of Asphaltic Concrete Containing Sasobit®

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurulain Che Mat ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Hasanan Md Nor ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Softening Point ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Abrasion Loss ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

With increasing interest in the use of hot mix asphalt in the paving industry, more studies in this field for improvement of hot mix asphalt properties seem to be necessary. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sasobit® content as modified binder in hot mix asphalt. 60/70 penetration grade asphalt was separately modified with sasobit® at different concentrations ranging from 0% to 4.5%. The influence of sasobit® on the hot mix asphalt mixtures properties were detected through conventional tests i.e. penetration and softening point. In addition, the Marshall stability, abrasion loss, and resilient modulus were also examined. Results indicated that the hot mix asphalt containing Sasobit® additive has significant affect in terms of penetration and softening point. Furthermore, the addition of Sasobit® seemed to improve the stability, abrasion loss and modulus of stiffness.

Epitaxial Growth in Dislocation-Free Strained Alloy Films

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Feng Huang ◽  
Rashmi C. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Misfit Strain ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Results

AbstractThe morphological and compositional instabilities in the heteroepitaxial strained alloy films have attracted intense interest from both experimentalists and theorists. To understand the mechanisms and properties for the generation of instabilities, we have developed a nonequilibrium, continuum model for the dislocation-free and coherent film systems. The early evolution processes of surface pro.les for both growing and postdeposition (non-growing) thin alloy films are studied through a linear stability analysis. We consider the coupling between top surface of the film and the underlying bulk, as well as the combination and interplay of different elastic effects. These e.ects are caused by filmsubstrate lattice misfit, composition dependence of film lattice constant (compositional stress), and composition dependence of both Young's and shear elastic moduli. The interplay of these factors as well as the growth temperature and deposition rate leads to rich and complicated stability results. For both the growing.lm and non-growing alloy free surface, we determine the stability conditions and diagrams for the system. These show the joint stability or instability for film morphology and compositional pro.les, as well as the asymmetry between tensile and compressive layers. The kinetic critical thickness for the onset of instability during.lm growth is also calculated, and its scaling behavior with respect to misfit strain and deposition rate determined. Our results have implications for real alloy growth systems such as SiGe and InGaAs, which agree with qualitative trends seen in recent experimental observations.

The modification of bitumen with styrene–butadiene–styrene, ethylene vinyl acetate and varying the amount of reactive ethylene terpolymer

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyfullah Keyf
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Penetration Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this article, 50/70 penetration grade TUPRAS bitumen was modified. Reactive elastomeric terpolymer (Elvaloy RET; DuPont Company), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) polymers were used in bitumen modification. Set hours of the tests were applied to samples taken from the obtained modified bitumen mixture. Varying amount of reactive ethylene terpolymer with weight ratios of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% were introduced to the mixture of raw bitumen with 1.0% SBS and 1.0% EVA. Penetration, penetration index, softening point, ductility and elastic recovery tests were performed with these modified bitumen and raw bitumen. The samples of raw bitumen and modified bitumens of 2.0% Elvaloy RET, 1.0% SBS and 1.0% EVA were investigated by means of IR spectroscopy. The raw bitumen was modified with SBS, EVA and RET, and it was determined that penetration and ductility values were decreased while penetration index, softening point and elastic recovery were increased. The purpose of this study is to research the improving properties of 50/70 penetration grade–modified bitumen used in highways of Turkey. The most important characteristics (such as softening point, penetration and % elastic recovery) of new polymer-modified bitumen (NPMB) containing 2.5% EVA, 1% RET and 1% SBS were compared with eight different types of polymer-modified bitumens in Turkey (TPMB). NPMB provided all required parameters (softening point, penetration and % elastic recovery) for five different types of TPMBs (TPMB 70-16, TPMB 70-22, TPMB 76-16, TPMB 76-22 and TPMB 82-16).

Performance Characterization of Stone Mastic Asphalt using Steel Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
◽  
H.A. Rashid ◽  
Fiona Shiong ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded hot mixture designed to provide higher resistance towards permanent deformation and rutting potential by 30% to 40% more than dense-graded asphalt, due to its stable aggregate skeleton structure. However, compared to other types of hot mix asphalt, SMA unfortunately has some shortcomings in term of its susceptibility towards moisture-induced damage due to its structure and excessive bitumen content in the composition. This research aims to assess the performance of a SMA mixture with steel fiber by enhancing overall stability, abrasion resistance, and, most importantly, moisture susceptibility. This study involved the incorporation of various steel fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by the total weight of mixture. The steel fiber modified SMA was made up of 6.0% PEN 60/70 bitumen content. The performance of SMA were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow test, Cantabro loss test and indirect tensile strength test. The results obtained from the testing showed that the incorporation of steel fiber is significantly effective to enhance the resistance towards moisture damage, while increasing the stability and reducing the abrasion loss of SMA mixture, compared to conventional mixture. Overall, it can be concluded that the addition of steel fiber in asphalt mixture specifically SMA, has improved the mechanical performance in the application of asphalt pavement with the optimum steel fiber proportion of 0.3% by the weight of mixture. The developed models between the independent variables and responses demonstrated high levels of correlation. The study found that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical method for providing an appropriate empirical model for relating parameters and predicting the optimum performance of an asphaltic mixture to reduce flexible pavement failure.

scholarly journals Analysis of dengue model with fractal-fractional Caputo–Fabrizio operator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatmawati ◽  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Cicik Alfiniyah ◽  
Ebraheem Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Fractional Operator ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Reduction Number ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Graphical Illustration ◽  
Stability Results

AbstractIn this work, we study the dengue dynamics with fractal-factional Caputo–Fabrizio operator. We employ real statistical data of dengue infection cases of East Java, Indonesia, from 2018 and parameterize the dengue model. The estimated basic reduction number for this dataset is $\mathcal{R}_{0}\approx2.2020$ R 0 ≈ 2.2020 . We briefly show the stability results of the model for the case when the basic reproduction number is $\mathcal{R}_{0} <1$ R 0 < 1 . We apply the fractal-fractional operator in the framework of Caputo–Fabrizio to the model and present its numerical solution by using a novel approach. The parameter values estimated for the model are used to compare with fractal-fractional operator, and we suggest that the fractal-fractional operator provides the best fitting for real cases of dengue infection when varying the values of both operators’ orders. We suggest some more graphical illustration for the model variables with various orders of fractal and fractional.

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