scholarly journals Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Binde ◽  
Godrey Kasanga ◽  
Phillipo L. Chalya ◽  
William Mahalu
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Bugando Medical ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Bugando Medical Centre ◽  
Pelvic Lesions

Background: Despite the fact that abdominal ultrasound has been widely used in many centres in Tanzania as a primary diagnostic imaging for patients with abdomino-pelvic lesions, its diagnostic utility has not yet been assessed in Tanzania, and therefore its use as an alternative diagnostic tool in patients with abdomino-pelvic lesions is not justified. This study aimed to determine the utility of abdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdomino-pelvic lesions in our local setting.Methods: This was a cross sectional study to evaluate the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in patients presenting with abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre between January 2017 and July 2017. Abdominal ultrasonographic findings were cross-tabulated against operative findings (the gold standard). Then, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated to determine the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound.Results: A total of 146 patients (M: F ratio = 1: 2.2) were studied. The mean age at diagnosis was 39.3 years. The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 39.4-100%, 0-100%, 64.7-100%, 0-100% and 40.8-100% respectively.  The kappa statistic (қ) showed good to excellent agreement with the operative findings, the gold standard (қ = 0.75-1.00).Conclusion: The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in detecting abdomino-pelvic lesions is much lower than that seen in developed countries, hence, abdominal ultrasound is not a reliable tool in detecting abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre and therefore its use should be supplemented with abdominal CT scan in selected cases.

scholarly journals Eotaxins and Their Receptor as Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Monika Zajkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽  
Maciej Dulewicz ◽  
Kamil Safiejko ◽  
Marcin Juchimiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Immunoenzymatic Assay

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. Despite the availability of diagnostic tests, an increasing number of new cases is observed. That is why it is very important to search new markers that would show high diagnostic utility. Therefore, we made an attempt to assess the usefulness of eotaxins, as there are few studies that investigate their significance, in patients with CRC. The study included 80 subjects (CRC patients and healthy volunteers). Serum concentrations of all eotaxins were measured using a multiplexing method (Luminex), while CCR3 was measured by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). CRP levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry and classical tumor marker levels (CEA and CA 19-9) and were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The highest usefulness among the proteins tested showed CCR3. Its concentrations were significantly higher in the CRC group than in healthy controls. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CCR3 were higher than those of CA 19-9. The maximum values for sensitivity, negative predictive value, and AUC were obtained for a combination of CCR3 and CRP. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of CCR3 in the diagnosis of CRC, especially in combination with CRP or CEA.

scholarly journals Incidence and predictors of surgical site infections following caesarean sections at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filbert J Mpogoro ◽  
Stephen E Mshana ◽  
Mariam M Mirambo ◽  
Benson R Kidenya ◽  
Balthazar Gumodoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Bugando Medical ◽  
Bugando Medical Centre

The utility of rapid Group A streptococcus molecular testing compared with throat culture for the diagnosis of Group A streptococcal pharyngitis in a high-incidence rheumatic fever population.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Taylor ◽  
Susan Morpeth ◽  
Rachel Webb ◽  
Susan Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Culture Negative

Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes significant morbidity and mortality in New Zealand and is responsible for invasive disease and immune sequelae including acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF). Early treatment of GAS pharyngitis reduces the risk of ARF. In settings with a high-burden of GAS disease, a rapid GAS pharyngitis diagnostic test with a strong negative predictive value is needed to enable prompt and accurate treatment. Methods: This prospective study compares the Xpert® Xpress Strep A molecular test (Cepheid) to throat culture and a second molecular method, the BioGX Group A Streptococcus -OSR for BD MAX TM for the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis. Throat swabs were collected from the emergency department and wards of Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand. The BioGX Group A Streptococcus - OSR for BD MAX TM , contributes to the composite gold-standard: throat culture or both molecular methods positive. Basic demographic, clinical and laboratory data was collected. Results: 205/214 swabs were suitable for analysis. 28/205 (13.7%) were GAS culture positive, 45/205 (22%) Xpert® Xpress Strep A positive and 38/205 (18.5%) BioGX positive. Compared to culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Xpert® Xpress Strep A molecular test were 100%, 90.4%, 62.2% and 100%, respectively. Compared to the composite gold-standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV and were 100%, 95.8%, 84.4% and 100% respectively. 17 samples were Xpert® Xpress positive but culture-negative; 6 of these 17 swabs represent true positives with evidence of recent GAS infection. Ten samples were culture negative but both Xpert® Xpress and BioGX positive. Conclusion: The Xpert® Xpress Strep A molecular test is highly sensitive with a strong negative predictive value and rapid turnaround time. It can be safely introduced as a first line test for throat swabs in a high-incidence ARF population.

scholarly journals AWARENESS OF CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS CHEMOTHERAPY USE AMONG CANCER PATIENTS ATTENDING ONCOLOGY CLINIC AT BUGANDO MEDICAL CENTRE, IN MWANZA, NORTHERN TANZANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratias M Katabalo ◽  
Raphael Matinde ◽  
Stanley Mwita ◽  
Karoli Marwa ◽  
Nestory Masalu
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Bugando Medical ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Chemotherapy Side Effects ◽  
Bugando Medical Centre

Background: Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Because cancer cells generally grow and divide faster than normal cells, they are more susceptible to the action of these drugs. However, damage to healthy cells is unavoidable, and this damage accounts for the side effects linked to these drugs. Methodology: A cross section study was conducted at oncology department in Bugando Medical Centre. A sample of 216 people was recruited into the study. The data was collected by using the pre-constructed questionnaire. After data collection, the data was transferred into SPSS version 20 and analyzed. Results: The study found that 88 (40.7%) of the respondents were aware of the chemotherapy side effects whereby majority, 68 (77.3%) of these had been informed by the doctor. Most of the respondents, 197 (92.1%) had a positive attitude towards the use of chemotherapy. Conclusion: There is still poor awareness of the chemotherapy side effects among the cancer patients attending and receiving chemotherapy in oncology department at Bugando Medical Centre. However, most of the respondents had positive attitude towards the use of chemotherapy Keywords: Awareness, attitude, chemotherapy, side effects and Tanzania.

scholarly journals Effectivity of microscopic test as a simple diagnostic method to detect fat malabsorption in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-44
Author(s):  
Ariani Dewi Widodo ◽  
Muzal Kadim ◽  
Ina Susianti Timan ◽  
Nuraini Irma Susanti ◽  
Fatima Safira Alatas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
Fat Malabsorption ◽  
Moderate Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BACKGROUND Lipid malabsorption causes many health problems, for example stunting, a major worldwide issue. There has not been any assessment on the effectivity of lipid microscopic test in diagnosing lipid malabsorption. This research was aimed to study the effectivity of lipid microscopic test in detecting lipid malabsorption in children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional diagnostic study that evaluated the effectivity of lipid microscopic test using Sudan III against steatocrit test as the gold standard in diagnosing lipid malabsorption. The study was done in 68 children aged 6–60 months in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Results of lipid microscopic test were compared with that of steatocrit test among children with lipid malabsorption and normal children. The primary endpoints of this study are the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS A total of 68 children consisting of 41 boys and 27 girls were included, with a median age of 14.3 months. The most frequently found stool consistency was mushy (50%). The most common result of microscopic test, found in 42% of subjects, was positive 1. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of lipid microscopic test were 49.15%, 66.67%, 90.63%, and 16.67%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lipid microscopic test has a moderate sensitivity in diagnosing fat malabsorption and needs to be complemented with other methods such as steatocrit.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of 3D-multi-Echo-data-image-combination (MEDIC) for evaluating SLAP lesions of the shoulder

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wuennemann ◽  
Laurent Kintzelé ◽  
Felix Zeifang ◽  
Michael W. Maier ◽  
Iris Burkholder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Slap Lesions ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Interreader Agreement

Abstract Background Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions remain a clinical and diagnostic challenge in routine (non-arthrographic) MR examinations of the shoulder. This study prospectively evaluated the ability of 3D-Multi-Echo-Data-Image-Combination (MEDIC) compared to that of routine high resolution 2D-proton-density weighted fat-saturated (PD fs) sequence using 3 T-MRI to detect SLAP lesions using arthroscopy as gold standard. Methods Seventeen consecutive patients (mean age, 51.6 ± 14.8 years, 11 males) with shoulder pain underwent 3 T MRI including 3D-MEDIC and 2D-PD fs followed by arthroscopy. The presence or absence of SLAP lesions was evaluated using both sequences by two independent raters with 4 and 14 years of experience in musculoskeletal MRI, respectively. During arthroscopy, SLAP lesions were classified according to Snyder’s criteria by two certified orthopedic shoulder surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 3D-MEDIC and 2D-PD fs for detection of SLAP lesions were calculated with reference to arthroscopy as a gold standard. Interreader agreement and sequence correlation were analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Figure 1 demonstrates the excellent visibility of a proven SLAP lesion using the 3D-MEDIC and Fig. 2 demonstrates a false-positive case. Results Arthroscopy revealed SLAP lesions in 11/17 patients. Using 3D-MEDIC, SLAP lesions were diagnosed in 14/17 patients by reader 1 and in 13/17 patients by reader 2. Using 2D-PD fs, SLAP lesions were diagnosed in 11/17 patients by reader 1 and 12/17 patients for reader 2. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 3D-MEDIC were 100.0, 50.0, 78.6, and 100.0% for reader 1; and 100.0, 66.7, 84.6, and 100% for reader 2, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 2D-PD fs were 90.9, 83.3, 90.9, and 83.3% for reader 1 and 100.0, 83.3, 91.7, and 100.0% for reader 2. The combination of 2D-PD fs and 3D-MEDIC increased specificity from 50.0 to 83.3% for reader 1 and from 66.7 to 100.0% for reader 2. Interreader agreement was almost perfect with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.82 for 3D-MEDIC and 0.87 for PD fs. Conclusions With its high sensitivity and NPV, 3D-MEDIC is a valuable tool for the evaluation of SLAP lesions. As the combination with routine 2D-PD fs further increases specificity, we recommend incorporation of 3D-MEDIC as an additional sequence in conventional shoulder protocols in patients with non-specific shoulder pain.

Diagnostic Tests in Occupational Therapy: A Model for Evaluation

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Law ◽  
Helene J. Polatajko
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This article describes a model for the evaluation of diagnostic tests used in occupational therapy. In this model, new diagnostic tests are compared to valid tests (“gold standard”), and their sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and agreement are calculated. The use of this method is illustrated with data from the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test and the Stille-Werner Rotation Chair.

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