scholarly journals Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, brain inflammatory response and behavior in mice with Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-772
Author(s):  
Zhaowen Zhang ◽  
Sisi Wang ◽  
Chengyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Purpose: To examine the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, intracerebral inflammatory response and ethology in mice with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Four groups of male C57BL/6 mice (n = 48) were used: normal control, negative control, n3PUFA, and Madopa groups. Except for normal control group, all groups were given 6- hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA) to establish Parkinson’s mice model. The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and calcium-binding protein (CB) in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons were determined with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The contents of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) (indices of intracerebral inflammatory response) were measured. Tremor paralysis, moving grid number, standing times, swimming ability, and the number of rollers in each group were observed as indices of ethology. Results: The number of TH and CB-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of n-3PUFA-treated mice was significantly increased, relative to those in Madopa-treated mice (p < 0.05). The expressions of TH and CB proteins in substantia nigra in n-3PUFA group were markedly higher than the corresponding expressions in Madopa-treated mice (p < 0.05). Decreased levels of NO, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were seen in 3PUFA group, when compared to mice in Madopa group, but higher behavioral scores were obtained in n-3PUFA-treated mice, relative to Madopa-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The n-3PUFAs protect substantia nigra compact dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson’s disease, alleviate immune inflammation, and improve the coordination of limb movement. Thus, n-3PUFAs have potential therapeutic application in the management of Parkinson’s disease.

Low Levels of Prohibitin in Substantia Nigra Makes Dopaminergic Neurons Vulnerable in Parkinson’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 804-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Dutta ◽  
Nilufar Ali ◽  
Emili Banerjee ◽  
Raghavendra Singh ◽  
Amit Naskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Low Levels

Parkinson's Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 252-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Walia ◽  
Ashish Gakkhar ◽  
Munish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which a progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons occurs. The loss of the neurons is most prominent in the substantia nigra region of the brain. The prevalence of PD is much greater among the older patients suggesting the risk of PD increases with the increase of age. The exact cause of the neurodegeneration in PD is not known. In this chapter, the authors introduce PD, demonstrate its history, pathogenesis, neurobiology, sign and symptoms, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy.

Neurotoxicity risk assessment of MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) as a synthetic impurity of drugs

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Juergen Kramer ◽  
John Caldwell ◽  
Andreas Hofmann ◽  
Peter Tempel ◽  
Guenter Weisse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
A Minor

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces symptoms indistinguishable from those of Parkinson's disease. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. Death of these same neurons is apparently the cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. As phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine is a commonly encountered subunit in heterocyclic drugs and because MPTP was found as a minor impurity in early batches of a candidate drug at Merck KGaA, it may be assumed that MPTP will also be present as an as yet undiscovered minor impurity in various existing drugs. A neurotoxicity risk assessment on MPTP has been conducted to define the risk of MPTP as an impurity in drugs that are used orally. This risk assessment has shown that compounds containing less than 5.0 p.p.m. MPTP administered orally will not cause a neurotoxicological health risk to patients treated with such a drug.

scholarly journals Isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids improve Parkinson’s disease-like phenotype in rats overexpressing α-synuclein

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Flint Beal ◽  
Jayandra Chiluwal ◽  
Noel Y. Calingasan ◽  
Ginger L. Milne ◽  
Mikhail S. Shchepinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy

AbstractLipid peroxidation is a key to a portfolio of neurodegenerative diseases and plays a central role in α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death, all key processes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important constituents of the synaptic and mitochondrial membranes and are often the first molecular targets attacked by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The rate-limiting step of the chain reaction of ROS-initiated PUFAs autoxidation involves hydrogen abstraction at bis-allylic sites, which can be slowed down if hydrogens are replaced with deuteriums. In this study, we show that targeted overexpression of human A53T α-syn using an AAV vector unilaterally in the rat substantia nigra reproduces some of pathological features seen in PD patients. Chronic dietary supplementation with deuterated PUFAs (D-PUFAs), specifically 0.8% D-linoleic and 0.3% H-linolenic, produced significant disease-modifying beneficial effects against α-syn-induced motor deficits, synaptic pathology, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupted trafficking along axons, inflammation and DA neuronal loss. These findings support the clinical evaluation of D-PUFAs as a neuroprotective therapy for PD.

Protective effects of fisetin and other berry flavonoids in Parkinson's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3033-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Maher
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Protective Effects

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated degenerative disease of the midbrain that results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

scholarly journals Autophagin-3 (ATG4C) is differentially expressed in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s Disease.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Microarray Datasets

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to identify genes whose expression was most different in the substantial nigra of patients with PD as compared to that of non-affected patients. We identified significant changes in expression of the gene encoding autophagin-3 (ATG4C) in the substantia nigra of patients with PD.

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