Comparative studies of the effects of Amaranthus spinosus and amaranthus caudatus extracts on the physiology of albino rats (Sprague dawley)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Idowu ◽  
OA Akinloye ◽  
OO Ogunlaru
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus

Chronic effect of exercise on liver cholesterol of normal and hypercholesteremic rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Gollnick
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Program ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cholesterol Accumulation ◽  
Body Weights

Two groups of male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, with average initial body weights of about 265 g, were trained for 22 weeks on an exercise program of swimming one-half hour daily in water at 35 C. One trained group was fed a normal diet containing 18% casein. The other trained group received an isocaloric diet containing 1% cholesterol which was designed to produce hypercholesteremia. Two nonexercised groups, one fed the normal and the other the 1% cholesterol diet, served as controls. The adrenals and heart ventricles of both trained groups were larger than their respective controls. Exercise had no hypocholesteremic effect on the sera of either trained group. Fat and cholesterol accumulation in the livers of rats fed the 1% cholesterol diet were not affected by training, but training significantly lowered the fat and cholesterol of the livers of the normal rats.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF TRIDHAM AND 1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-β-D-GLUCOSE IN REVERSING LIPID PEROXIDATION LEVELS AND MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZENEANTHRACENE (DMBA) INDUCED BREAST CANCER IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stalin Ramakrishnan ◽  
Karthick Dharmalingam ◽  
Sachidanandham T Panchanatham ◽  
Shanthi Palanivelu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Group I

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of <em>Tridham</em> (TD) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose(PGG) on lipid peroxidation levels and mitochondrial antioxidants status in experimental mammary carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong><em>Elaecoarpus ganitrus </em>(fruits), <em>Terminalia chebula </em>(seed coats), <em>Prosopis cineraria </em>(leaves)<em>, </em>adult female albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 170–190 g and 7,12-dimethylbenzeneanthracene (DMBA) were used for this study. Group I control rats, Group II rats mammary carcinoma induced with DMBA (25 mg in 1 ml olive oil) by gastric intubation. Group III, IV and V DMBA induced rats were treated with TD (400 mg/kg. b. wt/day), PGG (30 mg/kg. b. wt/day) and standard drug, Cyclophosphamide (30 mg/kg. b. wt/day), respectively for 48 d by gastric intubation. Group VI and VII rats served as TD and PGG treated controls, respectively for 48 d by gastric intubation. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Mammary glands were isolated and used for biochemical assays and histopathological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In rats with cancer, the lipid peroxide levels (LPO) were significantly increased and mitochondrial antioxidant levels were decreased. Treatment with TD and PGG decreased LPO levels and increased mitochondrial antioxidant status in mammary carcinoma bearing rats. Histopathological analysis also confirmed the therapeutic effect of TD and PGG. No significant adverse effect was observed in sole drug treated group of rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TD and PGG have definite therapeutic effect in experimental mammary carcinoma and inhibit growth of cancer cells by restoring mitochondrial antioxidant status and energy metabolism to normal states.</p>

Effects of Ionized Air on Early Acquisition of Sidman Avoidance Behavior by Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1071-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Falkenberg ◽  
Roger E. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Avoidance Performance ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sidman Avoidance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Air Ionization ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
Ionized Air

This research investigated the effects of positive and negative air ionization on the early acquisition of a Sidman (1953) avoidance response. The subjects were 20 male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain. They were randomly assigned to ionization conditions and given 4 2-hr. acquisition sessions. The temporal parameters of the task were a response-shock interval of 20 sec. and a shock-shock interval of 5 sec. Shocks were delivered as 1-ma. pulses of 1 sec. duration. The results indicated that at the end of 4 2-hr. sessions the avoidance performance of rats trained in the presence of negative air ions was superior to that of rats trained in the presence of positive air ions.

Spaceflight on STS-48 and earth-based unweighting produce similar effects on skeletal muscle of young rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2161-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Tischler ◽  
E. J. Henriksen ◽  
K. A. Munoz ◽  
C. S. Stump ◽  
C. R. Woodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Our knowledge of the effects of unweighting on skeletal muscle of juvenile rapidly growing rats has been obtained entirely by using hindlimb-suspension models. No spaceflight data on juvenile animals are available to validate these models of simulated weightlessness. Therefore, eight 26-day-old female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were exposed to 5.4 days of weightlessness aboard the space shuttle Discovery (mission STS-48, September 1991). An asynchronous ground control experiment mimicked the flight cage condition, ambient shuttle temperatures, and mission duration for a second group of rats. A third group of animals underwent hindlimb suspension for 5.4 days at ambient temperatures. Although all groups consumed food at a similar rate, flight animals gained a greater percentage of body mass per day (P < 0.05). Mass and protein data showed weight-bearing hindlimb muscles were most affected, with atrophy of the soleus and reduced growth of the plantaris and gastrocnemius in both the flight and suspended animals. In contrast, the non-weight-bearing extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles grew normally. Earlier suspension studies showed that the soleus develops an increased sensitivity to insulin during unweighting atrophy, particularly for the uptake of 2-[1,2–3H]deoxyglucose. Therefore, this characteristic was studied in isolated muscles within 2 h after cessation of spaceflight or suspension. Insulin increased uptake 2.5- and 2.7-fold in soleus of flight and suspended animals, respectively, whereas it increased only 1.6-fold in control animals. In contrast, the effect of insulin was similar among the three groups for the extensor digitorum longus, which provides a control for potential systemic differences in the animals.

Effects of prenatal x-irradiation on motor performance in the rat

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
Irving Goodman ◽  
Joan Havlena ◽  
Melvin R. Sikov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Motor Strength ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Almost All

Gravid albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain received either 25, 50, or 100 r whole-body X-radiation on either day 5, 10, 15, or 20 of gestation. Controls were sham-irradiated. Over 500 surviving offspring were evaluated on measures of motor maturation of the upright and righting responses, motor strength, and locomotor learning during the neonatal period. The results indicate that radiation exposure of 100 r on day 15 of gestation retards motor maturation of the upright and righting responses. Almost all of the radiation groups show a decrease in motor strength as compared to the control group with maximum deficits in the groups receiving 50 or 100 r on day 10 or 15 of gestation. On the locomotor learning measure, the results are not consistent, but the group receiving 100 r on day 15 of gestation is maximally affected. These deficits in motor performance are related to observable motor impairment. It is concluded that low levels of radiation received prenatally can have detrimental effects on the development of motor performances in the rat.

Salty Solutions: Their Effects on Thermal Set Points in Behavioral Repertoires of Albino Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Rwanda Aker ◽  
Stanley W. Howard ◽  
Wendy M. Jones ◽  
Morgan W. Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Post Hoc

Salt (sodium chloride) has been linked to increased blood pressure and a rise in core body temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate the role played by salt in altering behavioral thermoregulation in albino rats. Different doses of sodium chloride were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of microwave reinforcement in rats tested in a cold Skinner Box. Three Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW reinforcement in a repeated-measures reversal design. Friedman's non-parametric test showed significant differences among sodium chloride doses and physiologically normal saline. Post hoc sign tests showed that all doses of NaCI suppressed operant behavior for heat except 60 mg/kg. The hypothesis that sodium chloride lowers hypothalamic set point for heat was partially supported.

Endocrine and amino acid regulation of liver macroautophagy and proteolytic function

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. G118-G122
Author(s):  
E. Bergamini ◽  
A. Del Roso ◽  
Z. Gori ◽  
P. Masiello ◽  
M. Masini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Stimulatory Agent ◽  
And Control

Regulation of liver macroautophagy and protein degradation by hormones and direct regulatory amino acids were studied in male 2-mo-old Sprague-Dawley albino rats with the use of the antilipolytic agent 3,5'-dimethylpyrazole (DMP; 12 mg/kg body wt ip) as a stimulatory agent. Injection of DMP decreased glutamine plasma levels and glutamine release from the perfused liver. Autophagic vacuoles were observed in the pericanalicular area of liver cells after 30 min. Levels and release of other regulatory amino acids did not exhibit any significant decrease but subsequently increased. Intraperitoneal administration of glutamine inhibited the proteolytic response. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that in vivo induction and control of liver macroautophagy and protein degradation by the physiological mechanism (i.e., by shortage of nutrients) involve unbalanced and asynchronous changes in the levels of selected direct regulatory amino acids (i.e., a decrease in glutamine and a subsequent increase in leucine and tyrosine levels)

Effects of Quality and Quantity of Reinforcement Upon Response Rate in Acquisition and Extinction

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Schaeffer ◽  
Barbara Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acquisition Session ◽  
Repeated Acquisition ◽  
Lever Pressing ◽  
Quality Of Reinforcement

This experiment investigated the effects of quality and quantity of reinforcement upon a lever-pressing response, within the context of repeated acquisition and extinction sessions. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley albino rats were subjected to a 2-by-3 experimental design which incorporated two levels of quality of reinforcement (8% and 32% sucrose pellets) and three levels of quantity of reinforcement (20, 40, or 80 pellets given in each acquisition session). Rate of responding during each acquisition session varied directly with sucrose content of the pellet, but was independent of number of reinforcements (pellets) received in each acquisition session. In extinction, total number of responses varied directly with both number of reinforcements and sucrose content of the pellet. Latency to the first lever-pressing response in both acquisition and extinction was found to be heterogeneous for all Ss and insensitive to variations in quantity and quality of reinforcement.

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