Effects of prenatal x-irradiation on motor performance in the rat

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
Irving Goodman ◽  
Joan Havlena ◽  
Melvin R. Sikov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Motor Strength ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Almost All

Gravid albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain received either 25, 50, or 100 r whole-body X-radiation on either day 5, 10, 15, or 20 of gestation. Controls were sham-irradiated. Over 500 surviving offspring were evaluated on measures of motor maturation of the upright and righting responses, motor strength, and locomotor learning during the neonatal period. The results indicate that radiation exposure of 100 r on day 15 of gestation retards motor maturation of the upright and righting responses. Almost all of the radiation groups show a decrease in motor strength as compared to the control group with maximum deficits in the groups receiving 50 or 100 r on day 10 or 15 of gestation. On the locomotor learning measure, the results are not consistent, but the group receiving 100 r on day 15 of gestation is maximally affected. These deficits in motor performance are related to observable motor impairment. It is concluded that low levels of radiation received prenatally can have detrimental effects on the development of motor performances in the rat.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Supplementation with N-Acetylcysteine as a Protection Against Cisplatin-Induced Motor Impairment in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade Vukovic ◽  
Igor Kumburovic ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Stefan Velickovic ◽  
Aleksandra Arnaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate a potential beneficial influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of cisplatin-induced motor impairment. We included 32 male Wistar albino rats, divided into 4 equal groups: control (received saline on the 1st and 5th day), cisplatin – CIS (received saline on the 1st and cisplatin 7.5 mg/kg i.p. on the 5th day), NAC (received NAC on the 1st and 5th day, 500 mg/kg i.p.), and CIS+NAC (received NAC on the 1st and 5th day, 500 mg/kg i.p. and cisplatin 7.5 mg/kg i.p. on the 5th day) group. Motor performance was estimated by rotarod, grip wire, open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and beam-walking (BW) tests on the 10th day. Cisplatin administration resulted in decreased motor performance in all tests, except for BW test, compared to the control group. NAC supplementation on its own had no significant effect on motor performance parameters. However, simultaneous administration of NAC along with cisplatin reversed negative impact of cisplatin in rotarod, OF and EPM tests, with no significant effect on the results obtained in grip wire test. The results of this study confirmed numerous motoric manifestations of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. However, the decline in most of the estimated parameters was successfully prevented by antioxidant supplementation with NAC.

Saccharin Avoidance Behavior Instigated by X-Irradiation in Backward Conditioning Paradigms

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Scarborough ◽  
D. L. Whaley ◽  
J. G. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Saccharin Consumption ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
X Irradiation

Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to eight groups of seven animals each. The remaining four animals served as a pooled control. The eight experimental groups received 68 r of x-irradiation during a 10-min. exposure period. The pooled control group received only sham-irradiation. Animals were presented a choice of tap water of 0.1% saccharin solution at delays following irradiation ranging from 0 to 96 hr. Subsequent saccharin consumption was recorded for 4 days following irradiation. Results showed a decrease in saccharin consumption in groups which had first received the saccharin from 0 to 12 hr. after irradiation. No significant decrease was exhibited by groups with delays of 24 hr. or more.

scholarly journals Insidious Cerebral Capillary Trauma from Motor Vehicle-Induced Vibration

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Prabhjot Grewal ◽  
Samita Goyal ◽  
Magdelana Matloub ◽  
FengYi Shen ◽  
Lin-ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Human Apolipoprotein ◽  
Cerebral Capillary

Cumulative cerebral injury from motor vehicle-induced whole body vibration has not been demonstrated thus far. Our lab has demonstrated isolated cerebral injury from whole body vibration and we believe that repetitive vibration can cause cumulative insults, impairing cerebral function. A simulated motor vehicle-induced whole body vibration study was conducted with fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats divided into seven groups (N=8): (1) 8-week control group; (2) 8-week vibration group (exposed to whole body vibration at 30 Hz and 0.5g acceleration for 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks); (3) 8-week vibration group with preconditioning human apolipoprotein A-I molecule mimetic (4F); (4) 8-week vibration group with post conditioning 4F peptide; (5) 8-week vibration group with pre and post conditioning 4F peptide; (6) 12-week control group; and (7) 12-week vibration group (exposed to the same vibration, 5 days/week for 12 weeks). At the end point, all rats were evaluated by brain histo-pathological studies. The pathology demonstrated capillary constriction with surrounding edema as well as thickened, uneven and damaged capillary walls. Capillary constriction reduces the oxygen supply to cerebral neurons, leading to neuronal damage. In the 12-week vibration group, each effect was more pronounced as compared to the 8-week vibration group. There was no prominent cerebral capillary damage in the 4F-peptide conditioning groups. This study showed cumulative cerebral injury from motor vehicle-induced whole body vibration and demonstrated the preventative effect of 4F-peptide conditioning.

Effects of Graded Doses of Whole-Body X-Irradiation on Mast Cells in the Rat Mesentery

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Conte ◽  
G. S. Melville ◽  
A. C. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Mesentery ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Sublethal Doses

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of x-radiation, and changes in the number of mast cells in the mesentery were correlated with dose and time postirradiation. After 75 r of whole-body x-radiation, a transient increase during the first 24 hours, followed by a slight decrease, in number of mast cells was observed. After larger doses of radiation (150–600 r), the mast cells were not seen to increase, but only to decrease in number during the first 2 weeks after exposure.

Influence of reticuloendothelial hyperfunction on bone marrow transplantation

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Wooles ◽  
N. R. Di Luzio
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
High Degree

Reticuloendothelial (RE) hyperfunction was induced in C57/BL mice by the administration of trypsinized zymosan or glucan. The exposure of RE hyperfunctional mice to 800 r whole-body X-irradiation produced no change in phagocytic activity as denoted by the intravascular removal rate of colloidal carbon. The saline-injected control group showed a significant impairment in RE phagocytic activity. Reticuloendothelial hyperfunction existing at the time of bone marrow transplantation did not alter the high degree of recovery from radiation exposure afforded by isologous bone marrow transplantation. However, survival in RE hyperfunctional animals appeared to be correlated to the genetic diversity of the transplanted marrow since RE hyperactive animals receiving the homo- or heterografts manifested a 100% mortality as opposed to a 30-day survival of 90% and 25% in the respective saline-treated irradiated mice. These findings demonstrate that the early acceptance or rejection of the transplant is influenced by the functional state of the RES and the genetic variation of the transplant.

LATE EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE WHOLE BODY X-IRRADIATION OF FOUR-DAY-OLD RATS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1056
Author(s):  
Marta S. Billings ◽  
James N. Yamazaki ◽  
Leslie R. Bennett ◽  
Baldwin G. Lamson
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Total Body

1. Four-day-old male and female Long-Evans x Sprague-Dawley F1 hybrid rats were exposed to a single total body x-ray dose of 125, 25, 5, and 0 r and then were observed during their entire lifespan for weight changes, signs of morbidity and age at death. 2. There was a 10% reduction of life span in the 125 r exposed female rats. None of the male groups showed significant shortening of longevity. 3. Mean body weights were consistently lower in both male and female groups exposed to 125 r total body irradiation. 4. Female rats exposed to 25 and 125 r attained their maximum weights at a younger age than their non-irradiated controls. 5. External tumors appeared earlier in female rats. Tumor incidence was not increased by irradiation in either sex. 6. Male parentage influenced the length of life span of progeny to a greater degree than the irradiation exposure at the employed dose-level. The influence of female parentage upon longevity cannot be evaluated in this study. 7. Low dose radiation life shortening can only be demonstrated in long-lived strains. Hereditary and radiation life shortening effects are not cumulative under conditions of this study.

Factorial Comparison of the Effects of Pentobarbital Sodium and Whole-Body X-Irradiation on VR-3 Food Reinforced Bar-Pressing

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1245-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Smith ◽  
S. Thomas Elder ◽  
Stuart K. Stokes ◽  
Merrill M. Rye ◽  
George R. Meckstroth
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
X Irradiation

36 male albino rats were trained to bar-press for food on a VR-3 reinforcement schedule before administration of either 0, 4.75, or 475 rad. whole body x-irradiation combined factorially with Nembutal or saline. The 475-rad. condition produced a marked reduction in response rate within 24 hr. of exposure. A similar but less pronounced decrement was attributed to residual narcosis. No interaction of Nembutal with x-irradiation was obtained.

scholarly journals Propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism protects ionizing radiation-induced multiple organ damage in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Şener ◽  
L Kabasakal ◽  
B M Atasoy ◽  
C Erzik ◽  
A Velioğlu-Öğünç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factor Α

The objective of this study was to examine the potential radioprotective properties of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism against oxidative organ damage induced by irradiation. Sprague–Dawley rats were pre-treated with saline or PTU (10 mg/kg i.p.) for 15 days, and were then exposed to whole-body irradiation (800 cGy). A group of rats were decapitated at 6 h after exposure to irradiation, while another group was followed for 72 h after irradiation, during which saline or PTU injections were repeated once daily. Lung, liver, kidney and ileum samples were obtained for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA; an index of lipid peroxidation) and glutathione (GSH, an antioxidant) levels, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO; an index of tissue neutrophil accumulation) and collagen contents, while oxidant-induced DNA fragmentation was evaluated in the ileal tissues. All tissues were also examined microscopically and assayed for the production of reactive oxidants using chemiluminescence (CL). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an indicator of tissue damage, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were assayed in serum samples. Irradiation caused a significant decrease in GSH level, which was accompanied by significant increases in MDA levels, MPO activity, CL levels and collagen content of the tissues studied (P<0.05–0.001). Similarly, serum TNFα and LDH were elevated in the irradiated rats as compared with the control group. On the other hand, PTU treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations induced by irradiation. Our results suggested that PTU-induced hypothyroidism reduces oxidative damage in the lung, hepatic, renal and ileal tissues probably due to hypometabolism, which is associated with decreased production of reactive oxygen metabolites and enhancement of antioxidant mechanisms.

Dosimetry and pathology of 237Np in female rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sontag ◽  
R. Wirth ◽  
A. Luz ◽  
E. Schäffer ◽  
V. Volf
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10-12-week old and weigh ing about 240 g, were injected intravenously with 237Np nitrate. In the toxicological study 77 rats served as controls and 28 rats per group received single doses of 5.2 and 26 kBq, respectively, per kg body weight. In addition, 12 rats of each injection level, sacrificed at defined points in time, were used for dosimetric studies. During the whole life-span the body weight and 237Np whole body-content of each animal were recorded. After death a detailed pathological examination was made of each animal in the cronical study. One day after injection 48% of the injected activity was in the skeleton, 9.3% in the liver, 3% in the kidneys and 4.4% in the rest of the organs. Whereas in all organs the activity decreased very fast, the half-life in the skeleton was about 1400 days. The bodyweights were comparable in the three groups, but the life span decreased from 800 days (control group) to 644 days after injection (26 kBq kg -1 body weight group). The main lesions in the female rats were mammary tumors (73%) and pituitary gland tumors (52%). With increasing activity the incidence of pituary gland tumors decreased and that of osteosarco mas increased from 1.3% (control group) to 32% (26 kBq kg-1 body weight group), whereas the remaining lesions showed no influence on the activity.

Food-Reinforced Response Decrements as a Function of Amount of Ionizing X-Irradiation

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Richard K. Smith ◽  
S. Thomas Elder ◽  
Stuart K. Stokes ◽  
Merrill M. Rye ◽  
George R. Meckstroth
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Response Decrement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Maximum Differentiation

32 malt albino rats, about 90, 120, or 150 days of age and weighing between 240 and 340 gm. at the start of the experiment, were employed in a study in which whole body X-irradiation dose level was the independent variable and number of VR-3 food reinforced bar-presses pet session the dependent variable. On the 12th day of training, Ss were assigned without bias to one of the four following whole-body X-irradiation doses: (1) 0 rad, (2) 285 rad, (3) 570 rad, or (4) 855 rad. An analysis of responses made by the four treatment groups over 10 days of post-irradiation observation yielded significant main effects attributable to differences in amount of X-irradiation and to daily experimental sessions. The interaction of days with level of irradiation was also significant. The amount of initial response decrement was directly related to the amount of irradiation received, with maximum differentiation occurring about the fourth day after treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document