Sodium Benzoate Inhibits Growth of or Inactivates Listeria monocytogenes

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUSTAFA A. EL-SHENAWY ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Slight Growth

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow or survive was determined using tryptose broth at pH 5.6 or 5.0, supplemented with 0, 0.05. 0.1, 0.15. 0.2. 0.25 or 0.3% sodium benzoate, and incubated at 4,13,21 or 35°C. The bacterium grew in benzoate-free controls under all conditions except at 4°C and pH 5.0. At pH 5.6 and 4°C, after 60 d, L. monocytogenes (initial population ca. 103/ml) was inactivated by 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3% sodium benzoate. Other concentrations of benzoate permitted slight growth during the first 36 d of incubation followed by a decrease in populations of the pathogen. At pH 5.0 and 4°C, from 0.15 to 0.3% benzoate completely inactivated the pathogen in 24 to 30 d, whereas the other concentrations caused a gradual decrease in the population during the 66-d incubation period. At 13°C and pH 5.6, L. monocytogenes grew (more at lower than higher concentrations of benzoate) in the presence of all concentrations of benzoate except 0.25 or 0.3%, which prohibited growth throughout a 264-h incubation period. Reducing the pH to 5.0 minimized growth at the two low concentrations of benzoate and caused slight decreases in population at the other concentrations of benzoate. At 21 and 35°C and pH 5.6, appreciable growth of L. monocytogenes occurred in the presence of 0.2% or less sodium benzoate, whereas higher concentrations were inhibitory, permitting little if any growth by the pathogen. Reducing the pH to 5.0 allowed limited growth of the pathogen at 21 and 35°C when the medium contained 0.05 or 0.1% sodium benzoate. Higher concentrations caused either complete inhibition or inhibition plus partial or complete inactivation of the pathogen during incubations of 117 h at 21°C or 78 h at 35°C.

Inhibition and Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Sorbic Acid

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUSTAFA A. EL-SHENAWY ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Slight Growth

Inhibition and inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by sorbic acid were studied using tryptose broth supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3% potassium sorbate; adjusted to pH 5.6 or 5.0; and incubated at 4, 13, 21 or 35°C. The bacterium grew in sorbate-free controls under all conditions except at 4°C and pH 5.0. At pH 5.6 and 4°C, the bacterium was inactivated by 0.25 or 0.3% of potassium sorbate after 66 and 60 d. Other concentrations permitted slight growth followed by decreases in populations. At 4°C and pH 5.0, concentrations of 0.15 to 0.3% potassium sorbate completely inactivated the pathogen in 60 to 36 d, whereas the other concentrations caused a gradual decrease in populations during the incubation period. At 13°C and pH 5.6, L. monocytogenes grew at all test concentrations of potassium sorbate, but the maximum populations were directly related to the concentration of potassium sorbate added to the medium - the higher the concentration, the lower the ultimate maximum population. At 13°C and pH 5.0, concentrations of 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3% potassium sorbate completely inhibited growth and caused complete inactivation of the pathogen, whereas presence of 0.15% or less potassium sorbate allowed growth of the pathogen. At 21 and 35°C and pH 5.6, appreciable growth of L. monocytogenes occurred at all test concentrations of sorbate. Reducing the pH to 5.0 allowed limited growth of the pathogen at 21 and 35°C when the medium contained 0.05, 0.1 or 0.15% potassium sorbate. Higher concentrations caused either complete inhibition or inhibition plus partial or complete inactivation of L. monocytogenes.

Inhibition or Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Sodium Benzoate together with some Organic Acids

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUSTAFA A. EL-SHENAWY ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Slight Growth

Tests were done to determine the fate of Listeria monocytogenes at 13 or 35°C in Tryptose Broth (TB) with and without the pH adjusted to 5.6 or 5.0 using acetic, tartaric, lactic, or citric acid and containing 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, or 0.3% sodium benzoate. The bacterium grew in all controls (free of benzoate) under all conditions except only slight growth was detected at 13°C when the pH was adjusted to 5.0 using acetic or tartaric acid. When TB was acidified with acetic or tartaric acid and incubated at 35°C, the bacterium was inactivated or inhibited under all conditions except growth occurred at pH 5.6 with 0.05 or 0.15% sodium benzoate and at pH 5.0 with 0.05% benzoate. Incubation at 13°C with the same acids in TB was accompanied by inactivation or inhibition of the bacterium at all test conditions except in the presence of 0.05% sodium benzoate and pH 5.6 obtained by added acetic acid, and in the presence of 0.05 or 0.15% benzoate when tartaric acid was used to adjust the pH to 5.6. Acidifying TB with lactic or citric acid and incubating at 35°C resulted in growth at pH 5.0 and 5.6 regardless of concentration of benzoate except 0.3% which caused inhibition or inactivation at pH 5.6 or 5.0, respectively. Incubation at 13°C with the same acids in TB resulted in inactivation or inhibition of L. monocytogenes, except growth occurred at pH 5.6 when the medium contained 0.05 or 0.15% benzoate. Slight growth was observed in the presence of 0.05% benzoate at pH 5.0 when the medium was acidified by lactic or acetic acid.

Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Lactoferricin, a Potent Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Cow's Milk

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI WAKABAYASHI ◽  
WAYNE BELLAMY ◽  
MITSUNORI TAKASE ◽  
MAMORU TOMITA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ph Range

The susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to inhibition and inactivation by lactoferricin, a newly isolated antimicrobial peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin present in cow's milk, was studied in laboratory media. Lactoferricin showed an effectiveness similar to that of many clinically useful antibiotics, causing complete inhibition of four strains of L. monocytogenes (serotypes 1b, 2, 3, and 4a) at low concentrations varying within the range of 0.3 to 9 μg/ml depending on the strain and the culture medium used. The effectiveness of lactoferricin against L. monocytogenes was not strongly affected by the presence of various carbohydrates or proteins but was somewhat diminished in the presence of various salts. The peptide showed potent activity over the pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The effect of lactoferricin was lethal, causing a rapid loss of colony-forming ability with all four strains tested.

Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in Turkey and Pork-Beef Bologna by Combinations of Sorbate, Benzoate, and Propionate

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN GLASS ◽  
DAWN PRESTON ◽  
JEFFREY VEESENMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Low Concentrations

The control of Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated with ready-to-eat uncured turkey and cured pork-beef bologna with combinations of benzoate, propionate, and sorbate. Three treatments of each product type were formulated to include control with no antimycotic agents; a combination of 0.05% sodium benzoate and 0.05% sodium propionate; and a combination of 0.05% sodium benzoate and 0.05% potassium sorbate. Ingredients were mixed, stuffed into fibrous, moisture-impermeable casings, cooked to an internal temperature of 73.9°C, chilled, and sliced. The final product was surface inoculated with L. monocytogenes (4 log CFU per package), vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C for 13 weeks. The antimycotic addition to the second and third uncured turkey treatments initially slowed the pathogen growth rate compared with the control, but populations of L. monocytogenes increased 5 log or more by 6 weeks. In contrast, the addition of antimycotic combinations in the cured bologna prevented growth of L. monocytogenes during the 13-week storage period at 4°C, compared with a more than 3.5-log increase in listerial populations in the control bologna, to which no antimicrobial agents had been added. These data suggest that low concentrations of antimycotic agents can prevent L. monocytogenes growth in certain ready-to-eat meats. Additional research is needed to define the levels needed to prevent growth of L. monocytogenes in high-moisture cured and uncured ready-to-eat meat and poultry and for gaining governmental approval for their use in such formulations.

Effect of C6-Volatiles on Bioluminescent Plant Pathogens

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557d-557
Author(s):  
Jennifer Warr ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Bob Ebel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Low Concentrations

C6 volatile compounds are known to be produced by the plant upon pathogen attack or other stress-related events. The biological activity of many of these substances is poorly understood, but some might produce signal molecules important in host–pathogen interactions. In this research we explored the possibility that lipid-derived C6 volatiles have a direct effect on bacterial plant pathogens. To this purpose we used a unique tool, a bacterium genetically engineered to bioluminesce. Light-producing genes from a fish-associated bacterium were introduced into Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, enabling nondestructive detection of bacteria in vitro and in the plant with special computer-assisted camera equipment. The effects of different C6 volatiles (trans-2 hexanal, trans-2 hexen-1-ol and cis-3 hexenol) on growth of bioluminescent Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. Different volatile concentrations were used. Treatment with trans-2 hexanal appeared bactericidal at low concentrations (1% and 10%), while treatments with the other volatiles were not inhibitive to bacterial growth. The implications of these results with respect to practical use of trans-2 hexanal in pathogen susceptible and resistant plants will be discussed.

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the Presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens at 7 or 13°C in Skim Milk

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEHAM A. FARRAG ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Skim Milk

Autoclaved samples of skim milk were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strain Scott A, California or V7), Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain P26 or B52), or a combination of L. monocytogenes plus P. fluorescens, and incubated at 7 or 13°C for 8 weeks. McBride Listeria Agar was used to determine populations of L. monocytogenes (at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56 d), and Pseudomonas isolation agar to enumerate P. fluorescens. Growth of L. monocytogenes was somewhat enhanced after 7 d of incubation at 7 but not at 13°C in the presence of pseudomonads. However, after 14 d and until the end of the incubation period (56 d), slight inactivation of L. monocytogenes in the presence of P. fluorescens was observed. L. monocytogenes did not affect growth or survival of P. fluorescens; also, no marked changes in pH of the milk were caused either by L. monocytogenes alone or by L. monocytogenes plus P. fluorescens.

scholarly journals Effect of Gaseous Ozone on Listeria monocytogenes Planktonic Cells and Biofilm: An In Vitro Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Felice Panebianco ◽  
Selene Rubiola ◽  
Francesco Chiesa ◽  
Tiziana Civera ◽  
Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Gaseous Ozone ◽  
Food Borne

Among food-borne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes continues to pose concerns to food business operators due to its capacity to form biofilm in processing environments. Ozone may be an eco-friendly technology to control microbial contaminations, but data concerning its effect on Listeria monocytogenes biofilm are still limited. In this study, the effect of gaseous ozone at 50 ppm on planktonic cells and biofilm of reference and food-related Listeria monocytogenes strains was evaluated. Ozone caused a reduction in microbial loads of 3.7 ± 0.4 and 3.9 ± 0.4 Log10 CFU/mL after 10 and 30 min, respectively. A complete inactivation of planktonic cells after 6 h of treatment was observed. Biofilm inhibition and eradication treatments (50 ppm, 6 h) resulted in a significant decrease of the biofilm biomass for 59% of the strains tested, whilst a slight dampening of live cell loads in the biofilm state was observed. In conclusion, gaseous ozone is not sufficient to completely counteract Listeria monocytogenes biofilm, but it may be useful as an additional tool to contrast Listeria monocytogenes free-living cells and to improve the existing sanitization procedures in food processing environments.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COCAINE ON THE GROWTH OF LUPINUS ALBUS. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY OF ANIMAL AND PLANT PROTOPLASM

1922 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Macht ◽  
Marguerite B. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Toxicity

1. The effects of cocaine and its decomposition products were studied on the growth of the young roots of Lupinus albus. 2. The results obtained were compared with similar experiments on animal tissues. 3. It was found that, while cocaine is the most toxic of these compounds studied for animal tissues, it was of comparatively low toxicity in respect to its effect on the growth of roots. On the other hand, sodium benzoate, being practically non-toxic for animals, was the most toxic of the compounds studied for the plant roots.

On the incubation period in neurolues

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
E. V. Sukhova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Number ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Speaking about syphilis lesions of the central nervous system, it is impossible not to note that these lesions are among the most severe diseases of the latter. But, on the other hand, their severity is redeemed to some extent by the specific means of combating them which we have in our hands. In this case, the fight against neurolues is reduced not so much to its treatment as to its prevention. Hence the interest with which the question of the influence of various conditions on the occurrence of syphilitic lesions of the central nervous system has recently begun to be comprehensively discussed and the exact causes which, from the general number of syphilitics, distinguish the group subsequently condemned to neurolues have been sought to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Acrylic resin disinfection by peracetic acid and microwave energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Beatriz Borges FORTES ◽  
Vicente Castelo Branco LEITUNE ◽  
Fabrício Mezzomo COLLARES ◽  
Nélio Bairros DORNELLES JUNIOR ◽  
Stéfani Becker RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Irradiation Power

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection methods in microwave and immersion in peracetic acid in heat-cured, self-cured and microwave-cured acrylic resin, contaminated with Candida albicans. Methods: Five specimens were prepared for each type of acrylic resin. All were infected with Candida Albicans, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The group which underwent microwave energy was irradiated with a power of 840W for 1 minute and the other group underwent disinfection by soaking of 0.2% peracetic acid for 5 minutes. Results: All samples proved to be contaminated after the incubation period. After the different processes of disinfection, both immersion in 0.2% peracetic acid as microwave irradiation were effective in disinfection of the 3 types of acrylic resins contaminated by Candida Albicans. Conclusion: Concluded that soaking in 0,2% peracetic acid for 5 minutes with microwave irradiation power 840W for 1 minute are effective methods for disinfecting heat-cured acrylic resin, self-cured acrylic resin and microwave-cured acrylic resin, contaminated with Candida Albicans.

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