Testing of Bob Calf Fecal Swabs for the Presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID R. MARTIN ◽  
PAUL M. UHLER ◽  
ANITA J. G. OKREND ◽  
JOSEPH Y. CHIU
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Enrichment Method ◽  
Direct Smear ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Rectal Swabs

Rectal swabs were collected from 304 Bob calves (calves under 10 d old) brought to slaughter in the States of Washington (77 swabs), California (127 swabs), and Wisconsin (100 swabs). The swab samples were tested for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by the use of a direct smear method, enrichment method, and the use of the Petrifilm™ Test Kit-HEC-for hemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (3M Company, St. Paul, MN). The organism was not isolated from any of the samples by any method, though the 3M test kit did give 21 positive signals. Of these positive signals, three were shown to be caused by sorbitol-positive, O157-positive, H7-negative E. coli. The cause of the other 18 signals was not determined.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 SURVIVAL IN TRADITIONAL AND LOW LACTOSE YOGURT DURING FERMENTATION AND COOLING PERIODS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Sampaio Cutrim ◽  
Raphael Ferreira de Barros ◽  
Robson Maia Franco ◽  
Marco Antonio Sloboda Cortez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactose Hydrolysis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fermentation Period

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 during lactose hydrolysis and fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurt. It also aimed to verify E. coli O157:H7 survival after 12 h of storage at 4 ºC ±1 ºC. Two different types of yogurts were prepared, two with whole milk and two with pre-hydrolyzed whole milk; in both groups one yogurt was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and the other one was not inoculated. The survival of E. coli and pH of yogurt were determined during fermentation and after 12-h refrigeration. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 was able to grow during the fermentation period (from 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.13 log CFU.mL-1 in traditional yogurt and 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.16 log CFU.mL-1 in low lactose yogurt). The samples with E. coli O157:H7 showed gas formation and syneresis. Thus, E. coli O157:H7 was able to survive and grow during fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurts affecting the manufacture technology. Moreover, milk contamination by E. coli before LAB addition reduces the growth of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus especially when associated with reduction of lactose content.

Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Apples Used in Cider Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1372-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMEKA L. FISHER ◽  
DAVID A. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Rome, and Winesap apples stored at 4, 10, and 25°C was determined. E. coli O157:H7 populations were monitored for up to 18 days (4°C), 12 days (10°C), and 5 days (25°C), when mold contamination became visible. At 25°C, Red Delicious apples supported survival of E. coli O157:H7 better (P < 0.05) than the other cultivars, followed by Golden Delicious and Rome apples, which were not statistically different (P > 0.05). Winesap apples were the least favorable (P < 0.05) for survival of E. coli O157:H7 at 25°C. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered at similar rates from Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples, (P > 0.05), but pathogen populations increased in both cultivars (P < 0.05) during storage at 25°C. At 10°C, survival of E. coli O157:H7 was poorest (P < 0.05) in ground Red Delicious apples, while there was no significant difference in survival of E. coli O157:H7 among ground Golden Delicious, Rome, or Winesap cultivars (P > 0.05). When stored at 4°C, Golden Delicious and Rome apples were not statistically different in supporting survival of the pathogen (P > 0.05) and there was no statistical difference in the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 from ground Red Delicious, Rome, and Winesap apples (P > 0.05). In general, apple pH increased during storage and was associated with mold growth. Results of this investigation indicate that there is no trend toward a particular apple cultivar supporting survival of E. coli O157:H7. However, variation in apple pH during storage can negatively or positively influence E. coli O157:H7 survival at 25 °C.

scholarly journals Survival of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 During the Manufacture and Curing of Cheddar Cheese†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE J. REITSMA ◽  
DAVID R. HENNING
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Unit Reduction

The ability of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 to survive a standard Cheddar cheese manufacturing process and subsequent curing was determined. Two treatments with added E. coli O157:H7 were designed with target levels 1 × 103 CFU/ml and 1 CFU/ml of cheese milk. Cheese samples were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7 during manufacture at 14, 28, 42, 60, and 74 days, and at 28-day intervals thereafter until the organism could no longer be detected using direct plating or enrichment in two successive samples. Typical colonies on 3M Petrifilm® E. coli Count Plates were counted as presumptive E. coli O157:H7 and were confirmed with the 3M Petrifilm® Test Kit—HEC for hemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. When no E. coli O157:H7 were detected in the cheese with the Petrifilm®plates, a 25-g sample of cheese was enriched in modified EC broth with novobiocin to detect viable E. coli O157:H7. Cheese made with 103 CFU/ml of milk showed a 2-log-unit reduction after 60 days of ripening, with viable E. coliO157:H7 still being detected in 25 g of cheese after 158 days. Cheese made with 1 CFU/ml of milk showed a reduction in E. coli Ol57:H7 to 1 or <1 CFU/g in 60 days, with no E. coli being detected in 25 g of cheese at 158 days. However, both treatments resulted in the survival of E. coli O157:H7 during manufacture and for more than 60 days of curing at 2.75 to 3.76% salt in the moisture phase.

Effect of Rumen Protozoa on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Rumen and Feces of Specifically Faunated Sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2197-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. STANFORD ◽  
S. J. BACH ◽  
T. P. STEPHENS ◽  
T. A. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Barley Silage

The effects of rumen protozoal populations on ruminal populations and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were evaluated by using specifically faunated sheep. Nine fauna-free sheep (three animals per treatment) were inoculated with Dasytricha spp. (DAS sheep); with mixed population A (PopA) comprising Entodinium spp., Isotricha spp., Diplodinium spp., and Polyplastron spp.; or with mixed population B (PopB) comprising Entodinium spp., Isotricha spp., Dasytricha spp., and Epidinium spp.; six sheep were maintained fauna-free (FF sheep) to serve as controls. Sheep were fed barley silage–based diets, and treatment groups were housed in isolated rooms. Sheep were inoculated orally with 1010 CFU of a four-strain mixture of nalidixic acid–resistant E. coli O157:H7. Samples of ruminal fluid and feces were collected over 77 days. Polyplastron spp. were detected in only one sheep in PopA, and Dasytricha spp. were detected only once within the PopB cohort. Sheep in the DAS group were 2.03 times more likely (P < 0.001) to shed E. coli O157:H7 than were those in the other three treatments, whereas the PopB sheep were less likely (0.65; P < 0.05) to shed this bacterium. The likelihood of harboring ruminal E. coli O157:H7 also tended (P = 0.06) to be higher in DAS and was lower (P < 0.01) in FF than in other cohorts. Possibly, Dasytricha spp. had a hosting effect, and Epidinium spp. had a predatory relationship, with E. coli O157:H7. Additional study into predator-prey and hosting relationships among rumen protozoa and E. coli O157:H7 is warranted.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Immunomagnetic Separation Method Selective for Escherichia coli O157 Strains

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Tomoyasu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Enrichment Method ◽  
Nonspecific Adsorption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

ABSTRACT Immunomagnetic separation is a useful enrichment method selective for Escherichia coli O157 cells against non-O157 E. coli cells from a preenrichment culture. However, E. coli cells are adsorbed onto a solid surface nonspecifically. With the conventional immunomagnetic separation method, this nonspecific adsorption interfered with immunomagnetic separation. It was found that this interference could be reduced with a low-ionic-strength solution. When immunomagnetic separation was carried out with this solution, the proportion of E. coli O157 cells to non-O157 E. coli cells increased from 9.6 to 31.4 times compared to the proportion obtained by the conventional immunomagnetic separation method. The effectiveness of this solution was successfully evaluated by the use of E. coliO157-spiked samples.

Influence of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Inoculated Minas Cheese during Storage at 8.5°C

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANA M. I. SAAD ◽  
CÉZAR VANZIN ◽  
MARICÊ N. OLIVEIRA ◽  
BERNADETTE D. G. M. FRANCO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Minas cheese is a typical Brazilian fresh cheese, manufactured by addition of rennin and CaCl2 to milk, followed by draining the curd. The intrinsic characteristics of this product make it favorable for growth of pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7. The influence of the addition of a commercial mesophilic type O lactic culture to this product on the growth of this pathogen during storage at 8.5°C was evaluated. Eight different formulations of Minas cheese were manufactured using raw or pasteurized milk and with or without salt and lactic culture. Individual portions of each formulation were transferred to sterile plastic bags and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to yield ca. 103 or 106 CFU/g. After blending by hand massaging the bags, samples were stored at 8.5°C for up to 14 days. E. coli O157:H7 was counted after 1, 2, 7, and 14 days of storage using 3M Petrifilm Test Kit-HEC. Counts in samples without added lactic culture showed a 2-log increase in the first 24 h and remained constant during the following 14 days. Counts in samples with added lactic culture showed a 0.5-log increase in the first 24 h, followed by a decrease. These variations were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No significant variations (P > 0.05) were obtained for cheese samples manufactured with pasteurized or raw milk, with or without salt. Results indicate that the addition of type O lactic culture may be an additional safeguard to well-established good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis and critical control point programs in the control of growth of E. coli O157:H7 in Minas cheese.

Specificity Analysis of a Novel Phage-Derived Ligand in an Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE ROZAND ◽  
PETER C. H. FENG
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Fluorescent Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rough Strain

An assay using a phage-derived ligand to capture Escherichia coli O157:H7 prior to antibody detection was evaluated for assay specificity. Analysis of 200 strains showed that the assay was highly specific for the O157 serogroup. It detected all the O157:H7 strains including Shiga toxin–producing O157 nonmotile strains as well as O157 non-H7 strains. In addition, the assay detected various O157:H7 phenotypic variants that are not easily detected by routine analytical methods, as well as a rough strain that did not express O157 antigen and therefore is undetectable serologically. The phage ligand assay showed no cross-reactivity to the other E. coli serotypes. Isolates of Salmonella group N and a few Citrobacter freundii strains that cross-reacted with anti-O157 sera also showed cross-reactivity with the phage ligand. However, other strains that cross-reacted serologically with anti-O157 sera were correctly identified as negative with the phage ligand assay, including several strains of E. coli that nonspecifically autoagglutinate latex reagents.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of ‎Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Household - reared Small Ruminants in Zaria ‎Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
R. O. Yakubu ◽  
M. K. Lawan ◽  
J. K. P. Kwaga ◽  
J. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic enteric pathogen of public health significance worldwide. A cross-sectional study was carried out during which 384 faecal samples of household-reared small ruminants and water used in the various houses where the animals are reared were collected. The samples were enriched on tryptone soya broth and cultured on EMB and CT-SMAC to isolate E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 respectively; subjected to conventional biochemical tests and E. coliO157:H7 was confirmed using Wellcolex latex agglutination test kit. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test and multiplex PCR was carried out to detect the presence of virulence genes stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA. The results of the isolation showed isolation rate of E. coli O157:H7 of 4.69% (9/192), 0.52% (1/192) which were obtained from faeces and water samples respectively. The results of the characterisation showed that one of the E. coli O157:H7 isolated harboured the eaeA and hlyA genes but was negative for stx1 and stx2 genes. The highest number of isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (90.9%) while the least was to gentamicin (6.3%). About 97.7% (43/44) of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index greater than 0.2. In conclusion, household-reared small ruminants in the study area were found to be reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 and humans living within these households are at risk of infection. The multiple antibioticresistance recorded in this study suggests widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in the study area.

scholarly journals Modification of Sorbitol MacConkey Medium Containing Cefixime and Tellurite for Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Radish Sprouts

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3117-3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Fujisawa ◽  
Shin Sata ◽  
Katsuhiro Aikawa ◽  
Takanori Takahashi ◽  
Shiro Yamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Radish Sprouts

ABSTRACT A modified version of sorbitol MacConkey medium containing cefixime and tellurite (CT-SMAC medium) was produced by adding salicin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactopyranoside to CT-SMAC medium; this medium was designated CT-SSMAC medium and was used to isolate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from radish sprouts. Of 101 non-E. coli bacteria isolated from radish sprouts that produced colorless colonies similar to colonies of E. coliO157:H7 grown on CT-SMAC medium, 92 (91%) formed colonies that were red to pink or were β-galactosidase negative and colorless on CT-SSMAC medium. On the other hand, colonies of E. coliO157:H7 strains were colorless and β-galactosidase positive on CT-SSMAC medium. Our results suggest that CT-SSMAC medium is more selective than CT-SMAC medium for isolating E. coliO157:H7.

Use of the Petrifilm™ Test Kit-HEC Direct Blot Enzyme Immunoassay Method without Swab Pre-Enrichment to Screen for Low Levels of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on Beef Carcasses by Surface Swabbing

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 870-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA L. CALICCHIA ◽  
E. L. PARKER ◽  
S. GAMBREL-LENARZ ◽  
RICHARD R. MATNER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Contamination Levels

A total of 750 beef carcasses were assayed to detect E. coli O157:H7 by surface swabbing. Each swab represented a 200-cm2 composite surface area. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not detected in any of the carcass samples. Assays were conducted from carcass swab suspensions by direct plating on Petrifilm™ E. coli Count plates followed by an E. coli O157:H7 assay using the Petrifilm™ Test Kit-HEC direct blot enzyme immunoassay without sample pre-enrichment, and by enrichment using a modified U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Petrifilm™ E. coli O157:H7 procedure. Additionally, beef slabs were inoculated with E. coli O157 :H7 to verify that recovery by the direct swab technique was at least as efficient as enrichment of excised tissue samples, which is the usual USDA method. Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculation of 4,32, and 180 CFU/25 cm2 were designated low, medium, and high surface contamination levels, respectively. The percentage of recovery of E. coli O157:H7 using the direct swab technique without sample pre-enrichment was 60, 80, and 100% for low, medium, and high surface inoculation levels, respectively. In comparison, recovery from 25-g enrichments of ground excised samples from beef slabs containing 1.4,9.6, and 50 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 was 0, 20, and 73%, respectively. Similarly, the percent recovery of this organism from nonground excised samples containing 56 CFU/25 g enrichment was 68%, versus 100% by direct swab technique without sample pre-enrichment from beef containing 190 CFU/25 cm2 Direct surface swab tests with the 3M Petrifilm™ Test Kit-HEC without sample pre-enrichment proved to be a sensitive, nondestructive, alternate means of evaluating beef carcasses for the presence of E. coli O157:H7.

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