Activated Carbons: In Vitro Affinity for Aflatoxin B1 and Relation of Adsorption Ability to Physicochemical Parameters

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO GALVANO ◽  
AMEDEO PIETRI ◽  
BIAGIO FALLICO ◽  
TERENZIO BERTUZZI ◽  
SALVATORE SCIRÈ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Very High

Affinity in vitro tests were conducted of the efficacy of 17 activated carbons (ACs) in binding aflatoxin B1 from solution. Relationships between adsorption ability and physicochemical parameters of the ACs (surface area, iodine number, methylene blue index, and surface acidity) were tested. Using 5 ml of a 4 μg/ml aqueous solution of aflatoxin B1 and 2 mg of an AC, adsorption abilities ranged from 44.47% to 99.82%. Four ACs showed very high adsorption abilities, binding more than 99% of the available aflatoxin B1. In comparative testing five ACs showed a greater ability to bind aflatoxin B1 than hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS). Three ACs also showed high adsorption abilities (ca. 99%) at increasing aflatoxin B1 concentrations (50 and 250 μg/ml) whereas HSCAS adsorption ability greatly declined. With the exception of three ACs, aflatoxin B1 adsorption was significantly correlated with all the physicochemical parameters, confirming a close relationship between molecule trapping and the surface physicochemical adsorption process. The methylene blue index was more reliable than iodine number and surface area in predicting AC adsorptive ability. The results suggested that ACs with a high methylene blue index and low surface acidity have a very high in vitro affinity for aflatoxin B1; however, their efficacy in protecting against aflatoxicosis should be verified further by in vivo tests.

Activated Carbons: In Vitro Affinity for Ochratoxin A and Deoxynivalenol and Relation of Adsorption Ability to Physicochemical Parameters

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO GALVANO ◽  
AMEDEO PIETRI ◽  
TERENZIO BERTUZZI ◽  
ANDREA PIVA ◽  
LUIGI CHIES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Adsorption Ability

In vitro affinity tests were conducted to test the effectiveness of 19 activated carbons (ACs), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and sepiolite (S) in binding ochratoxin A (OA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) from solution. Relationships between adsorption ability and physicochemical parameters of ACs (surface area, iodine number, methylene blue Index) were tested. When 5 ml of a 4-μg/ml aqueous solution of OA was treated with 2 mg of AC, the ACs adsorbed 0.80 to 99.86% of the OA. HSCAS and S were not effective in binding OA. In two saturation tests carried out with increased amounts of OA (5 ml of 10- and 50-μg/ml aqueous Solutions of OA, respectively), three ACs also showed high adsorption ability (adsorbing 92.23 to 96.57% of the OA). When 5 ml of a 4-μg/ml aqueous solution of DON was treated with 10 mg of AC, ACs adsored 1.83 to 98.93% of the DON. HSCAS and S were not effective in binding DON. An overall relation of adsorption ability to the physicochemical parameters of ACs was observed. The methylene blue index was more reliable than iodine number and surface area in predicting ability of ACs to adsorb OA and DON. Based on the data observed on the present study as well as on aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 from previous studies, it is concluded that ACs have high in vitro affinity for chemically different mycotoxins, and can be considered as potential multi-mycotoxin-sequestering agents. However, the ability to bind the main mycotoxins singly or in combination should be confirmed by in vivo investigations. Moreover, information on the amounts of AC to be added to feeds, and on the possible long-term effect on absorption of essential nutrients are needed.

Activated Carbons: In Vitro Affinity for Fumonisin B1 and Relation of Adsorption Ability to Physicochemical Parameters

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO GALVANO ◽  
AMEDEO PIETRI ◽  
TERENZIO BERTUZZI ◽  
MATTEO BOGNANNO ◽  
LUIGI CHIES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

In vitro affinity tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of 19 activated carbons (ACs), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), and sepiolite (S) in binding fumonisin B1 (FB1) from solution. Relationships between adsorption ability and physicochemical parameters of ACs (specific surface area, iodine value, and methylene blue index) were tested. When 5 ml of a 4-μg/ml aqueous solution of FB1 was treated with 10 mg of AC, ACs adsorbed 0.46 to 100% of the FB1. HSCAS and S were not effective in binding FB1. In two saturation tests carried out with decreased amounts of sorbent (5 and 2 mg, respectively), three ACs also showed high adsorption ability (adsorbing 96.48 to 99.20% of the FB1) A general relationship between adsorption ability and the physicochemical parameters of the ACs was observed, supporting the inference of a close relationship between molecule trapping and surface physicochemical adsorption processes. The methylene blue index was more reliable than iodine number and surface area for predicting ability of ACs to adsorb FB1. In tests of simultaneous adsorption ability carried out using 5 ml of a solution containing 10 μg/ml FB1 plus 50 μg/ml aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)and 2 or 5 mg of sorbent, ACs showed a higher affinity for AFB1 than for FB1. However, two ACs bound ca. 100% of the two mycotoxins. When 5 ml of an aqueous extract solution obtained from naturally contaminated corn containing 1.84 μg/ml FB1 and 0.042 μg/ml AFB1 was treated with 10 mg of sorbent, one AC adsorbed ca. 95% and 99% of FB1 and AFB1, respectively. It is concluded that certain ACs have high in vitro affinity for FB1 and AFB1 singly or in combination, and may hold promise as multi-mycotoxin sequestering agents. However, further in vivo investigations are neededto confirm the abilities of ACs to sequester the most important mycotoxins singly or in combinations, establish the amounts to be added to feeds, and determine any long-term effects they may have on gastrointestinal absorption of essential nutrients.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study Adsorbing Methylene Blue on Nanozirconia

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 1311-1319
Author(s):  
Ping Hua Chen ◽  
Xue Zhen Zhou ◽  
Yong Xiu Li ◽  
Dong Ping Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Study

In present study, uniformed nanozirconia is obtained via precipitation, ball milling and spray drying. The characteristics of methylene blue adsorption by nanozirconia are studied in details. The morphology of nanozirconia is examined by SEM. The influence of temperature is studied to obtain the optimal adsorption conditions. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and the kinetic properties of the adsorption process are investigated to study the mechanism. The thermodynamic properties of methylene blue adsorption is investigated, and the thermodynamic parameters of Gθ, Hθ and Sθ are calculated. The results show nanozirconia has high adsorption ability of 43.99 mg/g to methylene blue, and the adsorption reaction is a spontaneous and physic-sorption process.

scholarly journals Adsorption Activity of NO on Iron Oxide-Dispersed Porous Materials

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Kaneko ◽  
Katsuya Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Adsorption Rates ◽  
Very High

Iron oxide-dispersed activated carbon fibers (ACF), granular activated carbons, zeolites, and silica gels have been prepared in order to develop good adsorbents for NO. The adsorption isotherms of NO on these samples have been measured at 303 K over an NO pressure range up to 80 kPa. The iron oxide-dispersed ACF samples (α- and β-ACF), obtained under the synthetic conditions employed for the preparation of α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH respectively, show very high adsorption activity for NO; their adsorption rates and capacities are much greater than those for untreated activated carbons, zeolites and silica gels. Furthermore, α- and β-ACF are effective in adsorbing NO from a 5 ppm NO/N2 gas mixture, reducing the concentration from 5 ppm to less than 1 ppm at 303 K after just one circulation with a flow velocity of 200 ml/min.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from (Punica granatum .sp) Wood by Chemical Treatment Using Potassium Hydroxide.

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Mayada M . Ali1 ◽  
Firas E. Fatthee2 ◽  
Ahmed AbdulkarimThunoon3
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

In the present study, activated carbons were prepared from Punicagranatum .sp, using potassium hydroxide as activating agent. Punicagranatum .sp activated carbon(PGAC) was characterization using methylene blue number, iodine number and some physical properties such as humidity, ash content and density. The perfect measurement for this study was the proportion of (1:2.5)(wood : KOH) to give 560mg for iodine number and 67mg for methylene blue number which are good result.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.107

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FROM RICE STRAW FOR COSMETIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanawat Pattananandecha ◽  
Sumontha Ramangkoon ◽  
Busaban Sirithunyalug ◽  
Jidapa Tinoi ◽  
Chalermpong Saenjum
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications

Objective: Rice straw is an agricultural waste material which has a negative impact on the environmental. This study’s aim was to prepare high-performance rice straw activated charcoal (RSAC) for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications using chemical activation technique.Methods: Three cultivars of rice straw namely Dok Mali 105 (DM105), RD6 and Niaw San-Pah-Tawng were selected to determine the lignin content. The rice straw with the highest lignin content was selected to produce rice straw activated charcoal. The particle of size 20, 40 and 60 mesh was carbonized at 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The obtained charcoal with the highest iodine number was then refluxed using potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid as an activating agent in the ratios of 1:10 w/v at 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C for 2 (KOH) and 3 (H3PO4) h. The adsorption ability on iodine, methylene blue, acetaminophen, and aflatoxin B1 was investigated. Additionally, pore structure, pore size, and surface area were also determined relative to medical-grade activated charcoal.Results: DM105 rice straw contains the highest amount of lignin with 24.3 %w/w, followed by RD6 and Niaw San-Pah-Tawng, respectively. DM105 rice straw with particle size 60 mesh carbonized at 400 °C for 2 h (DM60T400H2) demonstrated the highest iodine number. The activation step of DM60T400H2 using 1:10 w/v potassium hydroxide at 70 and 80 °C for 2 h exhibited the highest iodine, methylene blue, acetaminophen, and aflatoxin B1 adsorption capacity. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) showed the microporous structure of obtained RSAC.Conclusion: RSAC prepared from rice straw of DM105 has potential in cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.

Comparison on Pore Development of Activated Carbon Produced from Scrap Tire by Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide for Active Packaging Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athiwat Sirimuangjinda ◽  
Khanthima Hemra ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Activation Mechanisms

Activated carbons were prepared by chemical activation from scrap tire with two chemical reagents, NaOH and KOH. The activation consisted of different impregnation of a reagent followed by carbonization in nitrogen at 700°C. The resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of BET surface area, methylene blue adsorption and iodine number. The influence of each parameter of the synthesis on the properties of the activated carbons was discussed, and the action of each hydroxide was methodically compared. It is the first time that preparation parameters and pore texture characteristics are simultaneously considered for two closely related activating agents of the same char precursor. Whatever the preparation conditions, it was shown that KOH led to the most microporous materials, having surface areas and adsorption properties (methylene blue adsorption and iodine number) higher than those obtained with NaOH, which was in agreement with some early works. However, the surface areas, methylene blue adsorption and iodine number obtained in the present study were much higher than in previous studies, up to 951 m2/g, 510 mg/g and 752 mg/g, respectively, using scrap tire waste char:KOH equal to 1:1. The thorough study of the way each preparation parameter influenced the properties of the final materials bought insight into the activation mechanisms. Each time it was possible; the results of scrap tire waste chemically activated with hydroxides were compared with those obtained with anthracites; explanations of similarities and differences were systematically looked for.

Preparation of Activated Carbon of Lignin from Straw Pulping by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Gao Jiang Yan ◽  
Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of lignin from straw pulping precursor using potassium carbonate as the chemical agent. Effects of activated temperature, K2CO3/lignin ratio and the activated time on the yield, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activated temperature 800°C, K3CO3(40% concentration) /lignin ratio 5: l, activated time 50min. These conditions allowed us to obtain a BET surface area of 1104 m2/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 417 m2/g，Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 10.6mL/0.lg,1310 mg/g and 19.75%, respectively.

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Waste Particle Board by K2CO3 Activation Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2562-2568
Author(s):  
Wu Yu ◽  
Ming Yu Zhi ◽  
Xiao Juan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption

Activated carbons were prepared from waste particle board (WPB) by K2CO3 activation. The effects of different parameters, such as chemical/WPB ratio, activation time and activation temperature on yield, the methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined by the method of factor analysis and the orthogonal design as follows: activation temperature 900°C, K2CO3 (50% concentration)/ WPB 4.0, activation time 60 min. Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number, phenol adsorption, BET surface area and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 82.5mg/g, 1234mg/g, 185mg/g, 1026m2/g and 30.4%, respectively.

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