Activity of Essential Oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae Species against Food Spoilage Yeasts

The essential oils from aerial parts of Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia officinalis, and Mentha piperita were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against five food spoilage yeasts, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Pichia membranifaciens, Dekkera anomala, and Yarrowia lipolytica. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also used as a reference. The oils were preliminarily screened by a disc diffusion technique, with the most active being the oil from M. officinalis. MICs were determined by the broth dilution method, and the main components of the oils were also tested by this method. The essential oil of M. officinalis at 500 μg/ml completely inhibited the growth of all yeast species. The main component of the oil of M. officinalis is citral (neral plus geranial) (58.3%), which showed a marked fungitoxic effect, contributing to its high activity.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/804658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kamel Msaada ◽

Nidhal Salem ◽

Olfa Bachrouch ◽

Slim Bousselmi ◽

Sonia Tammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

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Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Portuguese Foeniculum vulgare Fruits

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000437 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana S. Mota ◽

M. Rosário Martins ◽

Sílvia Arantes ◽

Violeta R. Lopes ◽

Eliseu Bettencourt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Food Spoilage Fungi

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fruits of six fennel accessions collected from wild populations occurring in the centre and south of Portugal. Composition of essential oils was established by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The obtained yields of the essential oils were found to vary greatly in the range of 1.1 to 2.9% (v/w) and the chemical composition varied with the region of collection. A total of 16 compounds were identified. The main compounds were fenchone (16.9 – 34.7%), estragole (2.5 – 66.0%) and trans-anethole (7.9 – 77.7%). The percentages of these three main compounds were used to determine the relationship between the different oil samples and to group them into four different chemotypes: anethole/fenchone; anethole; estragole and anethole/estragole. Antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated against six food spoilage fungi: Aspergillus niger, A. japonicus, A. oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizophus oryzae and R. stolonifer. Antibacterial activity was assessed against three Gram-positive strains: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and S. aureus ATCC 28213; and against six Gram-negative strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; Morganella morganii LFG 08; Proteus mirabilis LFG 04; Salmonella enteritidis LFG 05; S. entiritidis serovar typhimurium LFG 06 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by the disc diffusion agar method; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth macro-dilution method. The MIC values varied from 62.5 ( E. coli ATCC 25922) to 2000 μg/mL ( P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853).

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Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Nigella sativa Seed Essential Oils Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-71.12.2475 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 2475-2480 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

L. KOKOSKA ◽

J. HAVLIK ◽

I. VALTEROVA ◽

H. SOVOVA ◽

M. SAJFRTOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Nigella sativa L. seed essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), dry steam distillation (SD), steam distillation of crude oils obtained by solvent extraction (SE-SD), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-SD) were tested for their antibacterial activities, using the broth microdilution method and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed that the essential oils tested differed markedly in their chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities. The oils obtained by HD and SD were dominated by p-cymene, whereas the major constituent identified in both volatile fractions obtained by SD of extracted oils was thymoquinone (ranging between 0.36 and 0.38 g/ml, whereas in oils obtained by HD and SD, it constituted only 0.03 and 0.05 g/ml, respectively). Both oils distilled directly from seeds showed lower antimicrobial activity (MICs ≥ 256 and 32 μg/ml for HD and SD, respectively) than those obtained by SE-SD and SFE-SD (MICs ≥ 4 μg/ml). All oil samples were significantly more active against gram-positive than against gram-negative bacteria. Thymoquinone exhibited potent growth-inhibiting activity against gram-positive bacteria, with MICs ranging from 8 to 64 μg/ml.

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GC-MS Analysis of the Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils From Five Species of Lamiaceae in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-745421/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

mansureh ghavam

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Probability Of Error ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) separated from Lamiaceae species attract more attention due to their abundant use in the preservation of natural foods and pharmaceutics and have gained considerable interester in research and industrial. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition and antimicrobial activity of EOs obtained from five species Lamiaceae in Iran. After extraction of EOs by Clevenger, their composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial properties were assayed by measuring inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that the effects of species, on yield and predominant compounds amount of EOs of five species were significant with a probability of error of 1 %. The yield of oils were varied from ~ 0.02 to ~ 1.88%. About 66 components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the dominant compounds were included thymol (67.71%), oleic acid (0.49–62.09%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (0.41–24.81%), α-pinene (1.09–19.41%), 1,8-cineole (0.22–15.40%), palmitic acid (0.32–13.28%), (+)spathulenol (11.16%), and germacrene D (0.30-10.26%) in different species. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the inhibition zone obtained treating the different microorganisms with the essential oil of five species (P ≤ 0.01). The highest inhibition zone belonged to TDEO (39.33 ± 0.58 and 25.00 ± 0.00 mm) against Gram-positive S. aureus and A. brasiliensis. The Gram-negative P. aeruginosa showed the lowest inhibitory resistance to HIEO, SIEO, and ROEO (with a MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL), which was very significant compared to rifampin. Therefore, EOs of five species have potential applications in the control of various bacteria and fungi and can be a natural alternative to some antibiotics.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THREE AMOMUM SUBULATUM CULTIVARS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.33215 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 219-223

Author(s):

AFTAB ALAM ◽

RITA SINGH MAJUMDAR ◽

PRAVEJ ALAM

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽

Amomum Subulatum

Objective: In Sikkim (India), Seremna is a highly growing cultivar of Amomum subulatum at lower altitudes. Other popular cultivated varieties are Varlangy and Sawney in the same state but at different altitude. In this study, we evaluate the variation in essential oils, metabolites and antimicrobial activities among A. subulatum selected cultivars. Methods: The composition of essential oil of Varlangy, Seremna, and Sawney was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and comparative antimicrobial activity of oils was explored using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method. Results: The Seremna cultivar oil was shown the high content of major constituents (1,8-cineole) in comparison to others. Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentration against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, and two (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) fungi were determined. The oil of Seremna showed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the microorganisms except B. subtilis which showed resistance. Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the high content of the principal compound accelerates the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The essential oil of Seremna could be a good antimicrobial agent and recommended in the case of infections.

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Essential oil composition and antimicrobial assay of Acorus calamus leaves from different wild populations

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262107390928 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. Radušienė ◽

A. Judžentienė ◽

D. Pečiulytė ◽

V. Janulis

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

The composition of essential oils obtained from leaves ofAcorus calamusgrowing wild in 19 different locations was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In total, 84 constituents have been identified, representing at least 86% of the total essential oil. The essential oils were dominated by the presence of phenolic compounds: (Z)-asarone (15.7–25.5%) and (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (2.0–4.9%). Other identified major components were (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, germacrene, linalool, camphor and isoborneol. All oils were found to have a similar composition. However, a hierarchical cluster analysis of the quantitative data revealed significant differences between some accessions. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of four selected leaf essential oils were determined by a screening test with the broth dilution method. Of the 17 species of fungi, bacteria and yeasts tested,Mycobacteriumssp. andBacillus subtiliswere most susceptible to essential oils. Oils displayed low anti-fungal activity and their inhibitory activity was lower than the standard antibiotics. Oils differed in their activities against the various microorganisms tested.

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Composition and Antipseudomonal Effect of Essential Oils Isolated from Different Lavender Species

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200701039 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200701

Author(s):

Anna Végh ◽

Tímea Bencsik ◽

Péter Molnár ◽

Andrea Böszörményi ◽

Éva Lemberkovics ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Microbiological Investigation ◽

Main Component ◽

Tube Dilution Method ◽

Tube Dilution

The aims of our research include the phytochemical characterization of the essential oils extracted from different lavender species ( Lavandula vera L., L. intermedia L., L. pyrenaica DC., and L. stoechas subsp. stoechas) that are important from therapeutic and economic aspects, as well as the optimization of the tube dilution method for microbiological investigation of the effect of essential oils on the selected Pseudomonas strain. The chemical and percentage compositions of the essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main component of the essential oils in the majority of lavender species was linalool, while L-fencone was identified in the largest amount in L. stoechas subsp. stoechas. Tube dilution is one of the most frequently used methods for microbiological investigation. Its advantages are that it is easy to perform and provides information about minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Because of the lipophilic character of essential oils, the tube dilution method should be optimized for the detection of antibacterial activity of these plant extracts, and, therefore, emulsions containing 0.2% polysorbate 80 were prepared from the samples. In each of the eight investigated essential oils an inhibitory effect was detected, and MBC values were in the range 12.5-50 μL/mL in seven cases.

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The Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum rhetsa Grown in Son La, Northwest Vietnam

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2021/9922283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Cao Bach Pham ◽

Thi Inh Cam ◽

Tuyen Tran Thi ◽

Pham Minh Quan ◽

Tran Quoc Toan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dried Fruits ◽

Fresh Leaf ◽

Leaf Petiole

Essential oils (EOs) from the stem barks, leaf petioles, fruit petioles, fresh leaves, and fresh and dried fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa were extracted by hydrodistillation. The volatile compounds of the products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD). Monoterpene hydrocarbons formed the predominant fraction of all six EO samples, of which sabinene is one of the major components (from 12.37% to 41.13%). For the leaf petiole EO, limonene (25.01%), sabinene (14.56%), and linalool (12.63%) are the major constituents, while the main constituents of fruit petiole EO were terpinolene (19.66%), terpinen-4-ol (19.07%), and sabinene (17.83%). The major components of stem bark EO are terpinen-4-ol (18.23%), sabinene (12.37%), α-phellandrene (7.34%), β-phellandrene (6.32%), and γ-terpinene (6.12%), while sabinene (38.35%), terpinen-4-ol (13.71%), γ-terpinene (6.47%), and limonene (6.02%) are the major constituents of fresh leaf EO. For the EOs of dried fruits and fresh fruits, sabinene, terpinolene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol are the major constituents. The essential oils were also tested for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The results revealed that six EOs at concentrations of 50 μg/mL exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one tested cancer cell line but were nontoxic on Vero normal cells. Most EOs showed moderate antimicrobial activity against F. oxysporum; however, there were no obvious activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus.

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