Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella from the Gut of Neonatal and Weaned Pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. GENOVESE ◽  
R. C. ANDERSON ◽  
R. B. HARVEY ◽  
T. R. CALLAWAY ◽  
T. L. POOLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis

Our laboratory has developed a bacterial competitive-exclusion (CE) culture against enteropathogens (which are considered human foodborne pathogens) for use in swine. In this article, we document the effects of this CE culture, PCF1, on cecal colonization by and fecal shedding of Salmonella Choleraesuis in neonatal and weaned pigs and its effects on the horizontal transmission of this pathogen between weaned penmates. Piglets treated with the PCF1 culture twice within their first day of life and challenged with Salmonella 48 h after birth shed Salmonella at a significantly (P < 0.05) lower rate than did control pigs in experiment 1. Significant reductions of the pathogen were also observed in the cecum, the cecal contents, the ileocolic junction, and the colon contents (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, culture of the cecal contents and lymph nodes revealed a significant reduction in Salmonella isolated from PCF1-treated pigs (P < 0.05). Pigs in experiment 3 were treated as pigs in experiments 1 and 2 were; however, they were followed through day 10 postweaning. Significant reductions in shedding were noted for treated groups both pre- and postweaning (P < 0.05). Experiments 4 and 5 assessed the effects of PCF1 treatment on the horizontal transmission of Salmonella between littermates that were followed through day 14 postweaning. In these experiments, litters were divided into untreated contacts (UC), untreated seeders (US), treated contacts (TC), and treated seeders (TS). Overall, TC in experiment 4 shed Salmonella at a significantly lower rate than UC and US did (P < 0.05). In experiment 5, the transmission of Salmonella was significantly reduced for litters in which TS or TC were present, as evidenced by reduced shedding of Salmonella by both treated and untreated animals within these litters (P < 0.05). TS shed less often than US did, resulting in reduced levels of Salmonella shedding by both treated and untreated contacts (P < 0.05). Litters containing both TC and UC or both TC and US also shed Salmonella at lower rates than did litters in which only UC and US were present (P < 0.05).

Effect of competitive exclusion on transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis between early weaned pigs

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Anderson ◽  
K. J. Genovese ◽  
R. B. Harvey ◽  
L. H. Stanker ◽  
N. K. Keith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis

478 Dietary Butyrate and Valerate Glycerides: Effects on Growth and Systemic Immunity of Weanling Piglets Coinfected with F4 and F18 Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
Lauren L Kovanda ◽  
Jungjae Park ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Sangwoo Park ◽  
Ruochen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Weanling Piglets

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 and F18 are the two most dominant pathogenic strains in weaned pigs. The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of dietary monobutyrin and monovalerin on performance and systemic immunity of weanling piglets coinfected with F4/F18 ETEC. Twenty weaned pigs (8.21 ± 1.23 kg) were individually housed and were randomly allotted to one of three diets: control (n = 6), 0.1% monobutyrin (n = 7), or 0.1% monovalerin (n = 7). The experiment was conducted 14 days, including 7 days’ adaption and 7 days post-inoculation (PI). On d 0, d 1, and d 2 PI, pigs were inoculated with 0.5 × 109 CFU/1.5 mL each of F4 and F18 ETEC for three consecutive days. Diarrhea score was recorded daily to determine frequency of diarrhea. Piglets and feeders were weighed throughout the trial to analyze growth performance. Fecal cultures from pigs on d 0, 2, and 4 PI were inspected to identify the absence or presence of hemolytic coliforms. Blood was collected on d 0, 4, and 7 PI for complete blood cells count. All data were analyzed by the Proc Mixed of SAS with randomized complete block design. Pigs supplemented with monovalerin and monobutyrin had numerically higher ADG (249 and 282 g/day) from d 0 to d 7 PI than pigs in control (198 g/day). Supplementation of monovalerin reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment. Pigs fed monovalerin had lower (P < 0.05) neutrophil counts on d 4 PI compared with control. Hemolytic coliforms were observed in all fecal cultures from d 2 and d 4 PI, confirming fecal shedding of ETEC. Results of this study indicate the potential benefits of monovalerin supplementation on performance and disease resistance of weaned pigs coinfected with F4 and F8 ETEC.

Development of a Typhimurium challenge model in weaned pigs to evaluate effects of water and feed interventions on fecal shedding and growth performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 2879
Author(s):  
P. J. van der Wolf ◽  
J. G. M. Wientjes ◽  
A. E. Heuvelink ◽  
A. M. B. Veldhuis ◽  
H. M. J. van Hees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fecal Shedding

Combined Effect of Antibiotic and Competitive Exclusion Treatment on Salmonella Enteritidis Fecal Shedding in Molted Laying Hens

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. SEO ◽  
P. S. HOLT ◽  
R. K. GAST ◽  
C. L. HOFACRE
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Feed Withdrawal

Salmonella Enteritidis is an important pathogen for the layer industry, primarily because of its ability to infect hens and ultimately contaminate egg contents. Studies have shown that stress situations, such as flock recycling (induced molting), can increase Salmonella Enteritidis problems in the flock. The present study examined the effect of antibiotic treatment and competitive exclusion (CE) on Salmonella Enteritidis shedding in the period following molt and 14-day feed withdrawal. In two separate trials, 48 birds after molt and feed withdrawal were divided into one group that was treated for 10 days with enrofloxacin in water followed by administration of CE culture and a group that was left untreated. Salmonella Enteritidis shedding was significantly reduced in the antibiotic-CE group. The Salmonella Enteritidis shedding rate was 33 and 25% in untreated birds versus 4 and 0% in the enrofloxacin-CE group on the two test days. These results indicate that treatment of Salmonella Enteritidis–positive laying hens after molting with enrofloxacin and CE culture can substantially reduce Salmonella Enteritidis problems due to molting and would be a possible alternative to diverting eggs for pasteurization or slaughtering the infected flock. Possible development of bacterial resistance in conjunction with antibiotic use is also discussed.

scholarly journals Salmonella typhimurium Persists within Macrophages in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Chronically Infected Nramp1+/+ Mice and Can Be Reactivated by IFNγ Neutralization

2004 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Monack ◽  
Donna M. Bouley ◽  
Stanley Falkow
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Bacterial Replication

Host-adapted strains of Salmonella are capable of establishing a persistent infection in their host often in the absence of clinical disease. The mouse model of Salmonella infection has primarily been used as a model for the acute systemic disease. Therefore, the sites of long-term S. typhimurium persistence in the mouse are not known nor are the mechanisms of persistent infection clearly understood. Here, we show that S. typhimurium can persist for as long as 1 yr in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of 129sv Nramp1+/+ (Slc11a1+/+) mice despite the presence of high levels of anti–S. typhimurium antibody. Tissues from 129sv mice colonized for 60 d contain numerous inflammatory foci and lesions with features resembling S. typhi granulomas. Tissues from mice infected for 365 d have very few organized inflammatory lesions, but the bacteria continue to persist within macrophages in the MLN and the animals generally remain disease-free. Finally, chronically infected mice treated with an interferon-γ neutralizing antibody exhibited symptoms of acute systemic infection, with evidence of high levels of bacterial replication in most tissues and high levels of fecal shedding. Thus, interferon-γ, which may affect the level of macrophage activation, plays an essential role in the control of the persistent S. typhimurium infection in mice.

Development of a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge model in weaned pigs to evaluate effects of water and feed interventions on fecal shedding and growth performance1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 2879-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. van der Wolf ◽  
J. G. M. Wientjes ◽  
A. E. Heuvelink ◽  
A. M. B. Veldhuis ◽  
H. M. J. van Hees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fecal Shedding

scholarly journals Competitive exclusion of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium from the gut of early weaned pigs

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J. Nisbet ◽  
R. C. Anderson ◽  
R. B. Harvey ◽  
K. J. Genovese ◽  
J. R. DeLoach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

scholarly journals Influence of light exposure on horizontal transmission of Salmonella typhimurium in weaned pigs

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Edrington ◽  
T. Callaway ◽  
K. J. Genovese ◽  
Robin C. Anderson ◽  
David J. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Weaned Pigs

scholarly journals Mucosal Competitive Exclusion to Reduce Salmonella in Swine

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1376-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
J. STAN BAILEY ◽  
NORMAN J. STERN ◽  
NELSON A. COX ◽  
SCOTT R. LADELY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

A mucosal competitive exclusion culture has been shown to reduce or eliminate Salmonella spp. in poultry. Using similar techniques, a mucosal competitive exclusion culture from swine (MCES) was produced from the cecum of a 6-week-old pig. Suckling pigs were inoculated with 5 ml of MCES by oral gavage within 6 h postfarrowing (PF) and again at 24 h PF. All pigs were challenged with 103 CFU of Salmonella Choleraesuis at 48 h PF by intranasal instillation, including pigs from two sows that had not been given MCES. Clinical signs and rectal swabs were monitored daily, and pigs were allowed to suckle throughout the experiment. All pigs underwent necropsy on day 7 PF, and presence of Salmonella was determined in both qualitative (10 tissues) and quantitative (two tissues) samples. Clinical signs were inapparent in all pigs throughout the experiment. Recovery of Salmonella from rectal swabs was variable. However, 28% of the gut tissues were positive from the MCES-treated pigs versus 79% from the control pigs. A 2- to 5-log10 reduction of Salmonella in the cecal contents or ileocolic junction was observed in the MCES-treated pigs when compared with the controls. These data indicate that use of MCES may be a useful approach for control of Salmonella.

Evaluation of the Effect of Gallium Maltolate on Fecal Salmonella Shedding in Cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. NERREN ◽  
T. S. EDRINGTON ◽  
L. R. BERNSTEIN ◽  
R. L. FARROW ◽  
K. G. GENOVESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Fecal Shedding

Strategies aimed at reducing fecal shedding of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens may be effective for limiting transmission of pathogens from food animals to humans. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of gallium maltolate (GaM) against Salmonella in vitro and to determine whether oral administration of GaM would reduce fecal shedding of Salmonella in cattle. Gallium is a semimetal exhibiting antimicrobial properties against some pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella, by exploiting their need for iron to survive and replicate. In vitro growth studies were performed in pure cultures of Salmonella and in mixed cultures from ruminal fluid. Inclusion of GaM in culture medium or in mixed cultures of ruminal fluid resulted in a significant reduction in growth of Salmonella, suggesting that GaM may be effective for limiting growth and survival in vivo. Therefore, we subsequently administered two doses of GaM to Holstein steers, experimentally infected them with Salmonella, and quantitatively and qualitatively monitored fecal shedding at 12-h intervals. Sixty hours after beginning treatment, cattle were euthanized, and luminal contents and tissue were aseptically harvested from the rumen, jejunum, spiral colon, cecum, and rectum. The luminal contents were processed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the challenge strains of Salmonella, and tissue samples were enriched and plated for qualitative analysis. We found no significant differences between control and treated animals in quantitative levels of Salmonella in the feces or the luminal contents. Likewise, we observed no pattern between control and treated animals in the frequency of positive or negative results from enriched feces, luminal contents, or tissue samples. These results suggest that GaM was not effective for reducing Salmonella in cattle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document