Effect In Vitro of Antiparasitic Drugs on Microbial Inhibitor Test Responses for Screening Antibiotic Residues in Goat's Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1756-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. ROMERO ◽  
M. C. BELTRÁN ◽  
W. REYBROECK ◽  
M. P. MOLINA
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Test Microorganism ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Positive Results

Microbial inhibitor tests are widely used to screen antibiotic residues in milk; however, these tests are nonspecific and may be affected by various substances capable of inhibiting the growth of the test microorganism. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of antiparasitic drugs in goat's milk on the microbial inhibitor test response. Raw antibiotic-free milk from Murciano-Granadina goats was supplemented with eight concentrations of seven antiparasitic substances (albendazole, 10 to 170 mg/kg; closantel, 1 to 140 mg/kg; diclazuril, 8 to 45 mg/kg; febendazole, 10 to 140 mg/kg; levamisole, 40 to 440 mg/kg; diazinon, 8 to 45 mg/kg; and ivermectin, 40 to 200 mg/kg). Twelve replicates for each concentration were analyzed with three microbial inhibitor tests: BRT MRL, Delvotest SP-NT MSC, and Eclipse 100. The results were interpreted visually (negative or positive). Using a logistic regression model, the concentrations of the antiparasitic drugs producing 5% (IC5), 10% (IC10), and 50% (IC50) positive results were determined. In general, the Eclipse 100 test was less sensitive to the effect of antiparasitic substances; the inhibitory concentrations of almost all the drugs assayed were higher than those for other tests. Conversely, the BRT MRL test was most affected, with high levels of interference at lower antiparasitic drug concentrations. Closantel and diazinon interfered with all microbial tests at lower concentrations than did other drugs (IC5 = 1 to 26 and 12 to 20 mg/kg, respectively), and higher concentrations of levamisole and diclazuril (IC5 = 30 to 240 and 50 to 117 mg/kg, respectively) were required to produce 5% positive results. These findings indicate that microbial inhibitor tests can be affected by elevated concentrations of antiparasitic drugs in goat's milk.

Control and prevention of antibiotic residues and contaminants in sheep and goat’s milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Berruga ◽  
A. Molina ◽  
R.L. Althaus ◽  
M.P. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Goat's Milk

Applicability of Screening Tests for Oxytetracycline in the Milk of Three Breeds of Goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAHMAT ATTAIE ◽  
MOHAMMED BSHARAT ◽  
ADELA MORA-GUTIERREZ
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Goat's Milk

ABSTRACT Antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry, and the presence of antibiotic residues in milk is a health hazard. The objectives of this study were to determine residual amounts of oxytetracycline in the milk of three breeds of goats using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and screening tests. It was also essential to explore the safe withdrawal period of oxytetracycline in lactating goats and examine the applicability of Charm ROSA and SNAP screening tests. The qualitative results of these tests were compared with the quantitative results of the HPLC method. Fifteen milking does, five each from the Alpine, LaMancha, and Nubian breeds, were selected from the herd at Prairie View A&M University. Milk samples containing antibiotic residues were deproteinized by HCl and acetonitrile, and then oxytetracycline was extracted from the supernatant. The residues of oxytetracycline in goat's milk up to 110 h after injection were qualitatively detected using the Charm ROSA test. Similarly, the SNAP test detected the antibiotic residues in milk up to 110 h after treatment. The HPLC results indicated that oxytetracycline residues in milk from Alpine goats were below the tolerance level (300 ng/ml) 82 h after drug treatment (72 h for LaManchas, 58 h for Nubians); however, the results of the screening tests would indicate longer withdrawal periods for milk from the breeds of goats studied, which would result in economic losses to goat's milk producers. The results of this study also indicated that oxytetracycline was not stable in raw goat's milk at refrigeration temperature or during pasteurization and that the concentrations decreased significantly. Commercial goat's milk is usually exposed to several hours of refrigeration and then to pasteurization. The results of this study indicated that, if oxytetracycline was present in raw goat's milk, the concentration would decrease significantly before it was marketed.

Food Safety Margin Assessment of Antibiotics: Pasteurized Goat's Milk and Fresh Cheese

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1553-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
PALOMA QUINTANILLA ◽  
EVA DOMÉNECH ◽  
ISABEL ESCRICHE ◽  
M. CARMEN BELTRÁN ◽  
M. PILAR MOLINA
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Goat's Milk

ABSTRACT Traces of antimicrobials in milk are of great concern for public health. The European Union has established maximum residue limits in milk; these, however, by themselves do not guarantee the absence of drug residues in milk and related products. Currently, very little information is available on the transfer of antibiotic residues from milk to other dairy products and their potential effect on food safety. This work evaluated the presence of antibiotic residues in pasteurized fluid milk and fresh cheeses from goat's milk containing these veterinary drugs at legal safety levels (maximum residue limits) and assessed the safety margin of these dairy products for consumers. Eight antibiotics (amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, neomycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline) were selected, and three batches of fresh cheese were made from pasteurized goat's milk spiked with each of these drugs. Drug residues in milk and cheese samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The safety margin of goat's milk products was calculated taking into account different age groups (children, teenagers, and adults). Results showed that most antibiotics present in raw milk remained in pasteurized milk and were transferred to cheese to a high extent; retention was above 50% in most cases. The minimum safety margin in pasteurized milk was obtained for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin for the children's group. For fresh cheese, an elevated safety margin was obtained for all antibiotics and age groups considered. However, the large amounts of antibiotics retained in the cheese might contribute to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Considering the differences in milk from different species and the great variety of cheeses, it would be advisable to continue the traceability study of antibiotics in order to increase the safety margin of dairy products.

Validation of Receptor-Binding Assays To Detect Antibiotics in Goat's Milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. BELTRÁN ◽  
M. BORRÀS ◽  
O. NAGEL ◽  
R. L. ALTHAUS ◽  
M. P. MOLINA
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
Positive Results

The suitability of different receptor-binding assays to detect antibiotics in raw goat's milk was investigated. Detection capability of most β-lactams and tetracyclines assessed applying the Betastar Combo, the SNAP Betalactam, the SNAP Tetracycline, and the Twinsensor tests was at or below maximum residue limits established by European legislation. Regarding test specificity, cross-reactions with antibiotics other than β-lactams and tetracyclines were not found, and no false-positive results were obtained for the Betastar Combo and the SNAP tests when bulk samples of goat's milk were analyzed. For the Twinsensor test, the false-positive rate was 1%. The performance of the Betastar Combo and the SNAP tests was practically unaffected by the milk quality parameters using individual samples of goat's milk collected at points throughout the entire lactation period (false-positive rate, ≤5%). However, a larger number of positive results were obtained by the Twinsensor test in this type of milk sample (>10%), especially in the last weeks of lactation. Interferences related to the use of the preservative azidiol were not observed in any case. Neither were any significant differences found in relation to the interpretation method (visual versus instrumental) applied. In general, the response of the Betastar Combo, SNAP, and Twinsensor tests was optimal for the analysis of bulk caprine milk; thus, they may be used to monitor milk for the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues in quality control programs.

scholarly journals Penicillium species during the manufacturing and ripening of Armada raw goat's milk cheese: identification, characteristics and in vitro potential toxins production

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Tornadijo ◽  
José M. Fresno ◽  
Roberto Martin Sarmiento ◽  
Javier Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk

scholarly journals UJI ANTIBAKTERI MASKER KEFIR SUSU KAMBING PADA Staphylococcus epidermidis SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ajeng Desti Ningsih ◽  
Nur Khikmah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
X 24

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antibakteri masker kefir susu kambing pada Staphylococcus epidermidis dan menghitung jumlah koloni Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan khamir. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Antibakteri masker kefir ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar sumuran. Spread plating dilakukan untuk menghitung koloni bakteri asam laktat dan khamir. Medium MRSA dan PDA diinkubasi pada suhu 37ºC selama 2-3 x 24 jam. Jumlah koloni yang tumbuh dihitung menggunakan metode Standard Plate Count dengan jumlah koloni 30-300, dan dinyatakan dalam satuan CFU/g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masker kefir mempunyai sifat bakteriostatik. Kemampuan antibakteri masker kefir susu kambing pada Staphylococcus epidermidis disebabkan karena di dalam supernatan masker kefir terdapat senyawa antibakteri. Hal ini ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona irradikal. Rerata koloni BAL pada masker kefir susu kambing A dan B adalah 1,5×109 dan 1,2×1010 CFU/g. Rerata jumlah koloni khamir pada masker kefir susu kambing A dan B adalah 2,1×1010 dan >3,0×1010 (3,9×1010) CFU/g.ANTIBACTERIAL OF GOAT’S MILK KEFIR MASK ON Staphylococcus epidermidis IN VITROThis study was aimed at determining the antibacterial goat’s milk kefir mask on Staphylococcus epidermidis and the number of Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) and the number of yeast colonies. The antibacterial test was carried out using the diffusion method of the wells. The antibacterial activity in the kefir mask is shown by the presence of inhibitory zones that form around the well. Spread plating was done to calculate the colonies of lactic and yeast acid bacteria. MRSA and PDA medium were incubated at 37ºC for 2-3 x 24 hours. The number of growing colonies is calculated using the Standard Plate Count method with the number of colonies of 30-300 and expressed in units of CFU/g. The results showed that kefir masks had bacteriostatic properties. The antibacterial ability of goat’s milk kefir mask was since the kefir supernatant contained antibacterial compounds. This is indicated by the formation of an nonradical zone. The mean of BAL colonies in goat milk masks A and B was 1.5 × 109 and 1.2 × 1010 CFU/g. The average number of yeast colonies in Goat milk masks A and B was 2.1 × 1010 and> 3.0 × 1010 (3.9 × 1010) CFU/g.

In Vivo and In Vitro Studies on the Bioactivity of Anodic Oxidized Titanium Metal

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wu ◽  
Bang Cheng Yang ◽  
Ji Yong Chen ◽  
Xing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Metal ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Sbf Solution ◽  
Anodic Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Percutaneous Implants ◽  
Positive Results

In this study, the bioactivity of a new kind of anodic oxidized titanium metal was investigated in vitro and in vivo. After immersed in SBF solution for 7 days in vitro, apatite formed and covered almost all the surfaces of the anodic oxidized samples. In vivo animal experiment, the apatite was also tested precipitated on the interface of tissue/materials after 12 weeks post-operation, and there were no any fibrous capsule formed around the materials. The materials bonded with the bone very tightly and attached to the skin very closely, which would result in the achievement of the biological sealing for the bone-anchored percutaneous implants. These positive results might be contributed to the precipitated apatite layer formed on the surface of the bioactive oxidized titanium. Thus, Anodic oxidation treatment might be an effective way to prepare bioactive Ti both for bone replacement and percutaneous implant.

Metabolic pathways of cytoplasmic droplets from freshly secreted goat's milk

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Vernon ◽  
W. W. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Low Rate

SummaryA new procedure is described for the preparation of cytoplasmic droplets from goat's milk and the metabolic potential of these droplets has been surveyed. Acetate was incorporated into fatty acids of varying chain lengths and acetate and glucose were oxidized to CO2 by these cytoplasmic droplets in vitro. There was a low rate of protein synthesis but no detectable DNA or lactose synthesis. It is concluded that the cytoplasmic droplets can provide an alternative to biopsy material for studying certain aspects of goat mammary lipid metabolism in vitro.

Inhibitory effects of lactobacilli of goat's milk origin against growth and biofilm formation by pathogens: an in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Singh ◽  
Chetan Sharma ◽  
Rohini Devidas Gulhane ◽  
Namita Rokana ◽  
Brij Pal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk

scholarly journals Microbiota of Sardinian Goat’s Milk and Preliminary Characterization of Prevalent LAB Species for Starter or Adjunct Cultures Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Barbara Pisano ◽  
Maura Deplano ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Fadda ◽  
Sofia Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adjunct Cultures ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Goat's Milk ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

This work was performed to study the microbiota of raw goat’s milk (67 samples) collected in different areas of Sardinia, in order to select autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains for use in goat cheese manufacturing. Total mesophilic bacteria ranged between 105 and 107 cfu/mL; mean counts of Enterobacteriaceae did not exceed 4 log cfu/mL whereas those of E. coli and coagulase-positive staphylococci were lower than 1.5 and 2 log ufc /ml, respectively. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Listeria monocytogenes were recovered. The numbers of total LAB were in the range from 104 to 107 cfu/mL and mean yeasts counts varied between 103 and 105 cfu/mL. The most frequently isolated LAB species were Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei. The presence of Enterococcus faecium was also noteworthy. The in vitro study of some functional characteristics related to technological properties of the strains belonging to these species allowed to point out some strains possessing good potential for use as adjunct or starter cultures in the production of cheese.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document