scholarly journals Survival of Salmonella on red meat in response to dry heat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amreeta Sarjit ◽  
Joshua Ravensdale ◽  
Ranil Coorey ◽  
Narelle Fegan ◽  
Gary Dykes
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Stress Response Genes ◽  
Microcentrifuge Tube ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
Inert Surface ◽  
Negative Impacts

Red meat is associated with Salmonella outbreaks resulting in negative impacts for the processing industry. Little work has been reported on the use of dry heat as opposed to moist heat against Salmonella on red meat. We determined the effect of drying at 25°C and dry heat at 70°C with ~10% relative humidity (RH) for 1 h against eleven Salmonella strains of multiple serovars on beef, lamb, goat, and rubber as an inert surface. Each strain at ~108 cfu/ml was inoculated (100ul) onto ±1g (1cm2) of each surface and allowed to attach for 15 min in a microcentrifuge tube. Samples were then exposed to 70°C and 25°C with ~10% RH in a heating block. Surviving Salmonella numbers on surfaces were enumerated on a thin layer medium. If numbers were below the limit of detection (LOD), (2.01 log cfu/cm2), Salmonella cells were enriched before plating to determine the presence of viable cells. Water loss (%) from meat after at 25°C and 70°C was determined. Whole genomes of Salmonella were interrogated to identify the presence/absence of stress response genes (n=30) related to dry heat which may contribute to the survival of Salmonella. The survival of Salmonella at 25°C was significantly higher across all surfaces (~6.09–7.91 log cfu/cm2) as compared to 70°C (~3.66–6.33 log cfu/cm2). On rubber, numbers of Salmonella were <LOD at 70°C. Water loss at 70°C (~17.72–19.89%) was significantly higher as compared to 25°C (~2.98–4.11%). Salmonella was not detected on rubber while survival occurred on all red meat at 70°C, suggesting its protective effect against the effect of heat. All Salmonella strains carried 30 stress response genes which likely contributed to its survival. A multi-antibiotic resistant S. Typhimurium 2470 exhibited an increase in heat resistance at 70°C on beef and lamb as compared to other strains. Our work shows that dry heat at 70°C for 1 h against Salmonella on red meat is not a practical approach for effectively reducing or eliminating them from red meat.

scholarly journals AITRL, an evolutionarily conserved plant specific transcription repressor regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxing Ma ◽  
Hainan Tian ◽  
Rao Lin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Response Gene ◽  
Stress Response Genes ◽  
Arabidopsis Protein ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Aba Response ◽  
Transcription Repressors

AbstractExpression of stress response genes can be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and ABA independent pathways. Osmotic stresses promote ABA accumulation, therefore inducing the expression of stress response genes via ABA signaling. Whereas cold and heat stresses induce the expression of stress response genes via ABA independent pathway. ABA induced transcription repressors (AITRs) are a family of novel transcription factors that play a role in ABA signaling, and Drought response gene (DRG) has previously been shown to play a role in regulating plant response to drought and freezing stresses. We report here the identification of DRG as a novel transcription factor and a regulator of ABA response in Arabidopsis. We found that the expression of DRG was induced by ABA treatment. Homologs searching identified AITR5 as the most closely related Arabidopsis protein to DRG, and homologs of DRG, including the AITR-like (AITRL) proteins in bryophytes and gymnosperms, are specifically presented in embryophytes. Therefore we renamed DRG as AITRL. Protoplast transfection assays show that AITRL functioned as a transcription repressor. In seed germination and seedling greening assays, the aitrl mutants showed an increased sensitivity to ABA. By using qRT-PCR, we show that ABA responses of some ABA signaling component genes including some PYR1-likes (PYLs), PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2Cs (PP2Cs) and SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES 2s (SnRK2s) were reduced in the aitrl mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that AITRLs are a family of novel transcription repressors evolutionally conserved in embryophytes, and AITRL regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis by affecting ABA response of some ABA signaling component genes.

Polymorphisms in stress response genes in Lactobacillus plantarum: implications for classification and heat stress response

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Angela Guidone ◽  
Eugenio Parente ◽  
Teresa Zotta ◽  
Caitriona M. Guinane ◽  
Mary C. Rea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Stress Response Genes

Vitamin D regulates the expression of immune and stress response genes in dengue virus-infected macrophages by inducing specific microRNAs

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geysson Javier Fernandez ◽  
Jorge Andrés Castillo ◽  
Diana Marcela Giraldo ◽  
Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Stress Response Genes

Background: The pathogenesis associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection is marked by the impairment of host immune response. Consequently, the modulation of immune response has emerged as an important therapeutic target for the control of DENV infection. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate the immune response in DENV infection, although the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA by miRNAs offers an opportunity to gain insight into the immunomodulation mediated by vitamin D Objective: Previously, it has been observed that a high dose of vitamin D (4000 IU) decreased DENV-2 infection and inflammatory response in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Here, we examine whether high or low doses of vitamin D supplements exert differential effect on miRNA expression in DENV-infected macrophages Methods: We analyzed miRNA expression profiles in MDMs isolated from healthy individuals who were given either 1000 or 4000 IU/day of vitamin D for 10 days. MDMs before or after vitamin D supplementation were challenged with DENV-2, and miRNAs profiles were analyzed by qPCR arrays. Results: DENV-2 infected MDMs supplemented with 4000 IU, showed up-regulation of miR-374a-5p, miR-363-3p, miR-101-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-200a-3p, and the family of miRNAs miR-21-5p, and miR-590-p. The miRNA profile and predicted target mRNAs suggested regulatory pathways in MDMs obtained from healthy donors who received higher doses of vitamin D. These DENV-2 infected MDMs expressed a unique set of miRNAs that target immune and cellular stress response genes. Conclusion: The results suggest vitamin D dose-dependent differential expression of miRNAs target key signaling pathways of the pathogenesis of dengue disease.

scholarly journals Anti-oxidative stress response genes: bioinformatic analysis of their expression and relevance in multiple cancers

Oncotarget ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2577-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barak Rotblat ◽  
Thomas G. P. Grunewald ◽  
Gabriel Leprivier ◽  
Gerry Melino ◽  
Richard A. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Stress Response Genes ◽  
Multiple Cancers

scholarly journals STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Birva A. Athavia ◽  
Zarna R. Dedania ◽  
Ronak R. Dedania ◽  
S. M. Vijayendra Swamy ◽  
Chetana B. Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to develop and validate Stability Indicating HPLC method for determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride.Methods: The method was carried out on a Phenomenex, C18 (250x4.6 mm, 5 µm) Column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: Water (50:50v/v), pH adjusted to 3.3 with Glacial Acetic Acid for separation. The flow rate was adjusted at 1 ml/min and Detection was carried out at 240 nm.Results: The retention time of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be 2.3 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range 25-75µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2=0.996). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.78µg/ml and 14.48µg/ml respectively. The % recovery of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 98.21±0.08 % to 99.07±0.64%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of vilazodone hydrochloride in marketed tablet formulation.Vilazodone Hydrochloride was subjected to forced degradation under Acidic, Alkaline, Oxidation, Dry Heat and Photolytic degradation conditions. Vilazodone hydrochloride showed 3.12% degradation under acidic condition, 4.78% under alkaline condition, 7.8% under oxidation condition, 3.53% under dry heat condition and 4.9% under photolytic condition.Acid degradation impurity was identified and characterised by LC-MS/MS was found to be 1-(4-Penten-1-yl) piperazine having molecular weight 154.253 (m/z 155.08) and Molecular Formula C9H18N2.Conclusion: A simple, precise, rapid and accurate Stability Indicating HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride in presence of its degradation products as per the ICH Guidelines. 

Genomic analysis of stress response genes

2003 ◽  
Vol 140-141 ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Moggs ◽  
George Orphanides
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Stress Response Genes

scholarly journals Dual Role of the Histone Variant H2A.Z in Transcriptional Regulation of Stress-Response Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Sura ◽  
Michał Kabza ◽  
Wojciech M. Karlowski ◽  
Tomasz Bieluszewski ◽  
Marta Kus-Slowinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Histone Variant ◽  
Stress Response Genes

A comprehensive survey on the occurrence of mycotoxins in maize dried distillers' grain and solubles sourced worldwide

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rodrigues ◽  
L. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain ◽  
By Products

As cereal and protein sources suffer a price increase worldwide, the use of alternative ingredients in feeds has become increasingly appealing to the animal industry. Dried distillers' grain and solubles (DDGS) have been one of the ingredients which demand has dramatically increased over the last few years. In fact, the supply of maize DDGS is expected to increase to about 38.6 mmt by 2019-2020. The presence of mycotoxins in these by-products has been a matter of concern raised by their ubiquitous use. A rule of thumb typically used in the field is that the concentration of mycotoxins in the final by-product is about three times higher than that of the original raw material, which may be scientifically backed up by the fact that the remaining portions within the by-product are those which had a higher concentration of mycotoxins (outer portions of the grain). This paper is the outcome of a five-year study during which a total of 409 maize DDGS samples sourced worldwide were analysed for the mycotoxins of major importance which cause the great negative impacts in animal performance and health: aflatoxins (a sum of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2), zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, a sum fumonisins B1 and B2 and ochratoxin A. From the total of samples tested, only 2% of the analysed DDGS showed contamination levels below the limit of detection (negative samples). 6% of samples had the presence of 1 mycotoxin only and the majority (92% of the samples) was contaminated with 2 or more mycotoxins.

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